The aim of the study is to provide a sketch of the economy of Transylvania in the princely period. The study will touch on the legal and economic aspects, but also on possible micro- and ...art-historical connections. The latter aspect is justified by the fact that Gábor Bethlen issued a charter regulating the operation and life of certain guilds. The publication of the regulations of the bootmakers’ guild in a princely charter is also worthy of analysis because it reveals several regulatory parallels with the modern-day context.
In our study, we describe the regulation of the institution of adverse possession in Romania from a legal historical point of view. We present the main structures of adverse possession in the norms ...codified on the basis of Austrian and French models, as well as those influenced by Hungarian customary law, during the 19th and 20th centuries. We monitor the evolution of the conditions necessary for adverse possession based on good faith, legitimate title or registration in a real estate registry, or even bad faith de facto possession. We conclude that the temporal variability of the regulation of adverse possession and the overlapping of different adverse possession systems create legal uncertainty, especially in the light of the divergent practices of the High Court of Cassation and Justice and the Constitutional Court. According to our conclusion, this legal uncertainty will not cease without the restoration of the registration principle of the real estate registry.
The article sets out to present the history of the departments of Law and Criminal Procedure at the Faculty of Law and Social Sciences of the Stefan Batory University in Vilnius through the prism of ...the two professors Bronisław Wróblewski and Stefan Glaser. They differed in almost everything (except the place of employment); place of birth, almae matres, and above all the way of pursuing academic passion. Unfortunately, their relationship was significantly affected by their differences in the field of politics too. Wróblewski adamantly believed that criminal law and procedure should be lectured and researched separately, whereas Glaser felt otherwise, perhaps on account of his practical experience. The disputes between both of them concerned inter alia Glaser’s professorship appointment and his election to be dean, the reassignment of the academic tasks of their departments, and last but not least – granting them full professorships.
In the middle of the campaign for Transylvania’s liberation, the Governing Council of Sibiu had decided to support the efforts of the Romanian army and ordered the establishment of a Territorial ...General Commandment meant to begin recruitment in Transylvania, Banat and the Romanian provinces in Hungary, in order to constitute an unit of volunteers. Ulteriorly, out of their ranks, 6th and 7th Army Corps have been established, recruited exclusively from Transylvanians regardless of their nationality. Under Decree I passed by the Governing Council of Sibiu, laws, ordinances, regulations and legal statutes issued prior to December 18th1918, when Transylvania was proclaimed independent of Budapest, were temporarily in force. Within this context, militaries of Transylvanian divisions were subject to military jurisdiction under Austro-Hungarian Military Criminal Code of 1855, whereas Romanian militaries who were under the command of Transylvanian Commandment of Troops were subject to the jurisdiction of Romanian laws, implicitly to the Code of military justice.
This paper is the result of the continuation of ongoing studies on the penal provisions of the Polish Copyright Law of 1926. Some of the research results were presented in the article titled The ...Penal Provisions of the Polish Copyright Law of 1926. The History of Its Creation –Its General Characteristics –Art. 61 and Its Significance for Further Regulations, which was published in “Cracow Studies of Constitutional and Legal History”(2018, issue 4). This text is a presentation of the analysis of special provisions regulating penal liability for the offences of overprint and plagiarism. Further in the article, the notion of the subjective side is discussed in relation to the offences defined in the Polish Copyright Law of 1926 and also the penal sanctions provided for these offences. In the analysis of the specific problems, emphasis is placed on the course of works on the regulations conducted by the Codification Commission and by the Parliament as well as on the issues related to their application. This approach makes it possible to reconstruct the fundamental legal problems faced by the codifiers and subsequently by the system of justice applying the relevant regulations. The studies concerning the application of copyright law were mainly focused on the judicial practice of the District Court in Kraków. They were based on the court registers and records from the interwar period stored in the National Archives in Kraków. The archival research discovered that the cases concerning the infringement of copyright constituted barely 0.09% of all criminal cases lodged with the District Court in Kraków in the 1930s. In that period, only five persons were definitely sentenced in this respect. Even though there were few criminal cases concerning copyright infringement in the times of the Second Polish Republic, the rulings issued, especially those issued by the Supreme Court, undoubtedly influenced the formation of jurisprudence regarding the interpretation of copyright, and they continue to be cited in pertinent literature up to this day.
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