The notion of »the problematic« has changed its meaning within the history of power and knowledge since the early 20th century, leading up to today's performative, neocybernetic fascination with ...generalized management ideas and technocratic models of science. This book explores central scenes, conceptual elaborations, and practical affiliations of what historically has been called »the problem« or »the problematic«. By way of considering modes of problematization as modes of inhabitation, intervention, and transformation the contributions map its current conceptual-political uses as well as onto-epistemological challenges. Thus, »problematization« is positioned as a critical concept that links, often in intricate ways, several currents from speculative philosophy to the formation of interdisciplinary fields. The »problematic«, as it turns out, has been the source of change in philosophy and the sciences all along.
This article analyzes the preaching activities of Antonii Radyvylovsky in order to distinguish in the preacher’s output the general characteristics of the Baroque period, formed under the influence ...of other cultures. Particular attention is paid to the humorously ridiculous aspect of the preacher's works, which have not been considered at all before. The source base for the study is the handwritten and printed sermons of Antonii Radyvylovsky from his collections The Fenced Garden of the Virgin Mary and The Crown of Christ. It is concluded that Ukrainian Baroque, while absorbing the main features of European Baroque, had its own characteristics. In this context, the legacy of the prominent XVII century Ukrainian preacher Antonii Radyvylovsky constitutes a typical example of the introduction of Latinizing Christian traditions into the Orthodox liturgy. In the center is a "living" earthly man with his virtues and flaws. The main theme in the moralistic examples in Radyvylovsky's sermons is that of a righteous and sinful (moral and immoral) life. His humorous and satirical discourses allowed Radyvylovsky to develop in his listeners a capacity for a paradoxically Baroque repentance, which is closely tied to personal reflection through laughter.
Auf die Französische Revolution folgte eine Epoche der »Restauration«: Die europäische Politik Anfang des 19. Jahrhunderts wollte die vorrevolutionäre Ordnung des Ancien Régime wiederherstellen. Der ...Autodidakt Karl Ludwig von Haller verfasste die Schrift »Restauration der Staatswissenschaft«, deren unverhohlener wie wohlüberlegter Kampfgeist dem Leser von der ersten Seite an entgegenschlägt. Alexander Kruska zeigt, inwiefern von Hallers aufsehenerregender erster Band der Restaurationsschrift als eine politiktheoretisch motivierte, systematische Polemik zu verstehen ist. Im Bestreben, dem Fragen nach legitimer Herrschaft ein Ende zu bereiten, setzt von Haller dem aufklärerischen Staatsdenken eine »bessere Doktrin« entgegen: Anstatt vernunftbegründeter Staatlichkeit proklamiert er eine natürliche Ordnung bloßer Machtverhältnisse. Zu diesem Zweck gilt es, gegen das politische Denken selbst vorzugehen.
Thinking the Problematic Oliver Leistert, Isabell Schrickel / Erich Hörl, Oliver Leistert
2020
eBook
The notion of »the problematic« has changed its meaning within the history of power and knowledge since the early 20th century, leading up to today's performative, neocybernetic fascination with ...generalized management ideas and technocratic models of science. This book explores central scenes, conceptual elaborations, and practical affiliations of what historically has been called »the problem« or »the problematic«. By way of considering modes of problematization as modes of inhabitation, intervention, and transformation the contributions map its current conceptual-political uses as well as onto- epistemological challenges. Thus, »problematization« is positioned as a critical concept that links, often in intricate ways, several currents from speculative philosophy to the formation of interdisciplinary fields. The »problematic«, as it turns out, has been the source of change in philosophy and the sciences all along.
Auf den Spuren von Anton Wilhelm Amo Stefan Knauß, Louis Wolfradt, Tim Hofmann, Jens Eberhard / Stefan Knauß, Louis Wolfradt, Tim Hofmann, Jens Eberhard
2021
eBook
Anton Wilhelm Amo (1703-1784) gilt als erster Philosoph afrikanischer Herkunft in Deutschland. Die Beiträger*innen des Bandes stellen seine bewegte Biographie im Umfeld der Frühaufklärung in den ...Kontext von systematischen Überlegungen zu einer interkulturellen Philosophie. Mit der Untersuchung seiner Wirkungsgeschichte, der werkimmanenten Rekonstruktion seines Denkens und der Auseinandersetzung mit dem kolonialen Erbe der Philosophie leisten sie einen zentralen Beitrag zur Dekolonialisierung des Wissens.
I start the analysis with probably the strongest historiography of progress—the Hegelian philosophy. Then I discuss the dynamics of the “conceptual engine” of the theory of pro-gress in Hegel—the ...concept of sublation. This analysis will make apparent that the Hegelian approach gives us not only a general “historiosophy” of progress, but above all a precise conceptual—even logical— tool, engine, device; thus pro-ductively mediatizing contradictions and conditioning the possibility of progress as such. In search of the general “historiography” of regress, I then turn towards psychoanaly-tical theory. In the psychoanalytical horizon of Freud and Lacan, I introduce a conceptual instrument forged on the basis of the Hegelian sublation—the concept of de-sublation. It will appear as the sought after “conceptual device” of the general theory of regress. We will see how the de-sublation of the previously sublated whole produces two independent conceptual entities, gathered around the moments of the universal and the singular.
The paper unfolds a preliminary theory of so-called objective or ontological historicity, that is to say, a theory of historicity which is not founded in the human subject. The article does this by ...deriving a notion of historicity from classical ontology by drawing upon figures such as Aristotle, Cusanus, Leibniz and Kant. One of the leading examples analysed throughout the paper is the museal object, which seems to embody a certain aporia between an immediate presence and the presence of a bygone era and time. It is argued that the historical objects qua historical objects exhibit a certain monadic quality, but that the relation between the different aspects of the object remain an irreconcilable one.
This open access book provides a historical treatment of scientific control in experimentation in the longue durée. The introduction distinguishes four related strands in the history of experimental ...control: the development of practices to stabilize experimental conditions; the career of the comparative design; the unfolding of methodological discussions about control practices and designs; and the history of the term “control”. Each chapter brings these distinctions to bear on specific historical episodes. The focus is on experiments with complex, elusive phenomena such as perception and learning, irregular movements, and unobservable elements. Such experiments bring control issues to the fore because they are difficult to design and stabilize and often controversial. Together, the chapters show that the local context shapes what exactly is controlled, how control can be accomplished, and how controls are justified. They also show that control strategies and methodological ideas often remain stable for a long time and change only gradually. This book, as well as the volume on analysis and synthesis in experimentation by the same editors, contains contributions by an array of experts from multiple disciplines, making it suitable for historians and philosophers of science and students alike.
Historical-philosophical debates, which owe their origin to the historical-philosophical context, begin not only with the formulation of certain points of view, but also with the examination of their ...value, as well as moving towards those that seem acceptable. The attention of our research is focused on issues of value and evaluation of the philosophical past through the given issues within the work „Philosophy and its history“ by Jorge Gracia, while the subject of our attention will be the legitimacy of value statements in the history of philosophy. dealing with truth value. Namely, in addition to careful attention in relation to philosophical sources on the basis of which accurate explanations from the past are obtained, the historical context of positive contribution, not only historical-philosophical, but also historical task, is unavoidable. The historian of philosophy thus makes a strong contribution to historical-value truths that rise from the haze of margins of historical thought, while codifying the points of convergence of scientific-methodological mechanisms and epistemic-axiological interventions - on the one hand - through cognitive-theoretical use of event history. and on the other, - by historicalphilosophical reflection on philosophically valued given discourses, to build together the true, - scientifically valuable. If historical truth excludes values that are contrary to its achievement and duration, then the very course and approach to historical and philosophical heritage should be treated through harmonized procedures and norms in solving very complex historical-philosophical and meta-historical-philosophical requirements and tasks inherent only in philosophy, at the same time, - in the value sense, - indeterminate by historical science. In that convergent dialogue, which is often necessary, the methodological paradigm of valuing substantial truths seeks the passability of axiological-value litmus tests of agreement - as much philosophical as historical knowledge and truth. Truth as the objectivity of the validity of a value attitude in the historical-philosophical sense, therefore, can show how a certain value statement is based on the experience of value. This tells us that the quality of value judgments is reflected in the fact that we take a stand with them in relation to historical-cognitive forms of opinion. While in science there are generally accepted criteria for verifying truthfulness, there are no such exact criteria in the domain of values, while it is important to point out that an objective and correct explanation of the past requires certain value statements throughout history, and judgments about true value in the history of philosophy. the significance and role of valuation and truth values within the philosophically oriented hermeneutization of philosophical-historical expressive truths and the possibility that the continuity in the search for truth cannot and should not be interrupted, whereby the theorist Jorge Gracia makes a strong contribution to the interpretation and understanding of these relations, which is the subject of this paper. Searching for reasons for a better understanding of ideas and philosophical views from the past H. Gracia points to the knowledge of what is taken for their truthful value. This refers to the consideration of the validity and correctness of the arguments on which certain teachings are based, and this refers to the texts. Texts are, therefore, the basic means we have for accessing philosophical ideas from the past. Without texts, an approach to ideas from the past is inconceivable, while the job of a historian is to re-establish the indefinite meaning of a text. The most expedient interpretation is the one that makes the most sense from the standpoint of both philosophy and history, because the historian must rely on philosophical teachings from the past that have more meaning. Although it is pointed out that historians and historians consider some masked value statements to be descriptive, with the recognition that many of them include descriptions; what is more important is reflected more in the fact that the historical explanation of the philosophical past necessarily includes and implies value statements, then the task of history implies and encompasses evaluation.
