This study examines the nature of technology and the process of its transfer in five service industries from parent companies to foreign affiliates. Three principal research questions are posed: What ...is the key technology in each industry? What are the main methods for transferring this technology? How and why do technology and transfer methods differ across firms, industries and countries? The empirical analysis shows that key technologies were generally knowledge of/experience in the industry and methodology for producing the service. Transfer of the technology was mainly done through the training and transfer of experts: and organizational forms were wholly owned subsidiaries and international partnerships. More technology transfer occurred when firms were more international, when affiliates were more recently-established, and when parent ownership was lower in the affiliate. Some evidence exists that more firm-specific, jointly produced technology leads to higher ownership percentage and greater transfer to affiliates.
For decades, theorists have speculated on the relationships between the space of work, the scheduling of work, and the use of information and communication technologies (ICTs). However, the empirical ...evidence linking these phenomena remains thin. This paper examines the process through which the use of new technologies by radiologists enabled an extension of their work in both time and space and, consequently, led to the development of new organizational forms through which radiology services are delivered. This research found that in recent years, U.S. radiologists have used ICTs to expand both the times during which their services are available and the spaces from which they deliver these services. However, initial expansion in the hours and space of work soon led to new organizational forms that allowed individual radiologists to limit the hours they were required to work while expanding the overall coverage radiologists, as a profession, offered. The extent to which teleworkers are working more and different hours is of concern to urban planners on several levels. Not only does telework shape local outcomes such as commuting patterns and urban economic development, the extent to which teleworkers work increased hours affects the creation and maintenance of broader social benefits such as community and family ties.
The limitation, or outright elimination, of contractors' ability to recover damages arising from owner-caused delays is a continuing trend in the construction industry. In private construction ...contracts, recovery of delay damages is often limited or prevented by the contract terms. This article does not address the question of whether this is a good or even a reasonable practice; it is simply a reality. Consequently, in a construction setting, if the owner of a construction project breaches its express or implied contract obligations and delays the contractor's performance, the principle holds that the contractor should recover damages resulting from the breach. This Article will focus primarily on the rise, fall, and resurrection of concepts espoused in the Rice doctrine, considering recent decisions by the contract appeals boards and positions taken by certain agencies, with respect to a contractor's recovery of field office overhead.
The paper traces the development of Singapore as an intelligent' island through an identification of the various social policy arrangements which have harnessed new information technology modes in ...their delivery. At home, at work, on the road, in public service and in the court room, the emergence of new IT arrangements is a matter of fact in Singaporean lives. Attention is drawn to the 'unencumbered' character of IT policy-making in Singapore, a characteristic which is the outcome of little or no strong political opposition in parliament.
