Hallucinatory experiences can occur in both clinical and nonclinical groups. However, in previous studies of the general population, investigations of the cognitive mechanisms underlying ...hallucinatory experiences have yielded inconsistent results. We ran a large-scale preregistered multisite study, in which general-population participants ( N = 1,394 across 11 data-collection sites and online) completed assessments of hallucinatory experiences, a measure of adverse childhood experiences, and four tasks: source memory, dichotic listening, backward digit span, and auditory signal detection. We found that hallucinatory experiences were associated with a higher false-alarm rate on the signal detection task and a greater number of reported adverse childhood experiences but not with any of the other cognitive measures employed. These findings are an important step in improving reproducibility in hallucinations research and suggest that the replicability of some findings regarding cognition in clinical samples needs to be investigated.
Resumen La falta de una adecuada planificación urbana fomenta una movilidad no sostenible. Frente a esto, el Desarrollo Orientado al Transporte (DOT) surge como una herramienta de diseño urbano, ...basada en la alta densidad, diversidad de usos y una infraestructura urbana adecuada en torno al transporte público. Se tomó el tranvía de Cuenca como caso de estudio, se seleccionaron dos de sus paradas y las zonas aledañas para analizar sus dinámicas urbanas mediante la metodología Estándar DOT y sus ocho principios, y se complementó esta información con entrevistas semiestructuradas. Los resultados evidenciaron distintas problemáticas, pero también potencialidades para convertirlo en un barrio orientado al transporte público, a través de un proyecto urbano basado en estrategias de diseño relacionadas con la conectividad, densificación, diversidad de uso y generación de espacio público.
Automated driving, along with other mobility innovations, is expected to entail socio-technical changes in mobility systems. Automated vehicles and, more specifically, automated minibuses integrated ...into mobility systems are analysed in this study as a breakthrough technology through the perspective of different stakeholder groups and citizens. Our research approach builds upon conceptual mapping and semi-structured interviews with main stakeholder groups (n = 30) and a large-scale survey with citizens of four European cities (n = 1816). This paper brings forward insights into the interaction between technology and society as a dialectical process through the prism of socio-technical transitions and multi-level perspectives. The study addresses the main drivers and barriers to steering the deployment of automated minibuses to meet the mobility needs of citizens and the aims of cities towards sustainable mobility. Further, it points out five main mechanisms to pave the way to a mobility transition with automated minibuses integrated into mobility systems. Our findings support the prospect that automated minibuses integrated into public transport and MaaS systems and coupled with other niche innovations and policy instruments can be part of the solution to pave the way towards a socio-technical transition to a new mobility paradigm.
This article explores our experiences on a Wellcome Trust-funded project on women's experiences of 'everyday health' in Britain between the 1960s and the 1990s. We explore issues around researching ...'everyday health', including the generation and interpretation of source materials, and the role of empathy and emotion in interactions with different audiences as we share these materials in public engagement activities. We discuss three case studies of engagement activities to draw out potential uses of source materials and the responses of different audiences to these materials, and reflect on what we have learnt since embarking on these public engagement activities. We took into our interactions with different audiences the belief that fully historicised understandings of 'health' enrich individual lives and create new capacities for meaningful action now. The public engagement activities we carried out reinforced this belief, but also caused us to question some of our assumptions. In particular, an activity with trainee healthcare professionals designed to demonstrate how active and empathetic listening can prevent the unintentional infliction of harm in healthcare settings achieved this end-but did so in a way that was itself unintentionally insensitive to the pressures healthcare professionals face. Medical humanities can help to contextualise, nuance and improve healthcare practice-but only through active listening and dialogue across medicine and the humanities. We conclude by considering how these activities, which currently rely on the interpersonal relations of the team with audiences, might be adapted and preserved in digital form beyond the span of the project.
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