This article adds to the social psychological literature on how minority group members seek to manage their interactions with majority group members. Specifically, it focuses on minority group ...members’ use of humour in interactions where they anticipate or actually experience prejudice. The data on which our analysis is based originate from interviews conducted with Roma in Hungary (N = 30). Asked about their interactions with majority group members, interviewees reported using humour as a means to (a) manage embarrassment; (b) gather information about the other's intergroup attitudes; and (c) subvert taken‐for‐granted understandings of social relations. The humour involved was diverse. Sometimes it entailed the telling of (Roma‐related) jokes. Sometimes it involved the exaggerated performance of roles and identities that ironised majority–minority social relations. The significance of humour as a tool for minority group members to exert some control over their interactions with majority group members is discussed.
Background
Visualization of aqueous humor flow in MR contrast images using gadolinium is challenging because of the delayed contrast effects associated with the blood‐retinal and blood‐aqueous humor ...barriers. However, oxygen‐17 water (H217O) might be used as an ocular contrast agent.
Purpose
To observe the distribution of H217O in the human eye, and its flow in and out of the anterior chamber, using dynamic T2‐weighted MRI.
Study Type
Prospective.
Population
Six ophthalmologically normal volunteers (20–37 years, six females).
Field Strength/Sequence
A 3 T/dynamic T2‐weighted MRI.
Assessment
H217O eye drops were administered to the right eye. Time‐series images were created by subtracting the image before the eye drops from each of the images obtained after the eye drops. The normalized signal intensity of the right anterior chamber (nAC) was obtained by dividing the signal intensity of the right anterior chamber region by that of the left. The inflow and outflow constants of H217O and H217O concentration were calculated from the nAC.
Statistical Tests
A paired t‐test was used to compare the flow‐related values and temporal changes in signal intensity. P‐values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.
Results
Significantly decreased signal intensity was observed in the right anterior chamber but not the right vitreous body (P = 0.39). The nAC signal intensity decreased significantly and then recovered. The inflow and outflow constants were 0.36–0.94 min−1 and 0.023–0.13 min−1, respectively. The maximum H217O concentration was 0.078%–0.24%.
Data Conclusion
H217O were distributed in the anterior chamber. The H217O inflow into the anterior chamber was significantly faster than that of the outflow.
Level of Evidence
2
Technical Efficacy Stage
2
Pathological myopia (PM) and its associated complications can lead to permanent vision loss. However, the cellular mechanisms underlying PM development remain unclear. To identify the metabolic ...alterations that may contribute to the pathophysiology of PM, we performed non-targeted metabolomics analysis using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry in age- and sex-matched patients with PM (n = 30) and individuals without myopia as controls (n = 30). Targeted metabolomics and insulin microarray were used to validate the results. We identified 508 metabolites in the aqueous humour (AH) and 601 in the vitreous humour (VH). Statistical evaluation revealed that 104 metabolites in AH and 114 metabolites in VH were significantly different between the two groups (variable important for the projection >1, fold change >1.5, or < 0.667, and P < 0.05). The four metabolic pathways enriched in both AH and VH identified to be associated with PM were: bile secretion, insulin secretion, thyroid hormone synthesis, and cGMP-PKG signaling pathway. The concentration of 10 amino acids was significantly higher in the PM than in the controls. Insulin microarray analysis showed that insulin, insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF-2), IGF-2R, insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1 (IGFBP-1), IGFBP-2, IGFBP-3, IGFBP-4, and IGFBP-6 levels were significantly higher in PM patients compared to that in the controls. Thus, this study identified potential metabolite biomarkers for PM and provided novel insights into the mechanisms underlying this disorder.
•Aqueous and vitreous humors of myopia patients have distinct metabolite profiles.•Four metabolic pathways are significantly enriched in and are associated with myopia both in aqueous humour and vitreous humour.•Ten amino acids are significantly higher in the vitreous humour of myopic patients.•Insulin, IGF-2, IGF-2R, and multiple IGFBPs levels are higher in myopia VH.
This research was conducted for eight months on the island of South Kalimantan, Indonesia. This study examines Mamanda. Mamanda is a traditional South Kalimantan theater that still survives in the ...global era. Mamanda is liked because it is rich in humor that can entertain the entire audience and relieve fatigue because it can invite laughter. However, if it is interpreted more deeply, humor has a pragmatic function that it wants to convey to its listeners. Therefore, this study examines more deeply the function of humor in Mamanda. This study aims to describe the form and function of humor in Mamanda. This research uses the descriptive qualitative method. The data in this study, in the form of a recording of Mamanda's performance, played at the Mamanda Parade, a series of events to commemorate the anniversary of Banjarmasin, South Kalimantan. The informants in this study consisted of twenty people with different backgrounds, all of whom were players who played an active role in the show. The research method used is descriptive qualitative to describe the results in detail using a series of clear sentences. The results showed that there were four types of humor in mamanda, namely, language humor, behavioral humor, gossiping humor, and pornographic humor. The functions of humor are as a function of advising, a function of criticism, a function of satire, and a function of tolerance.
One question that needs to be asked in understanding the consequences of humour in service encounters is whether the prevalent bivariate approaches capture the full range of humour consequences. ...Therefore, this study examines the influence of frontline employees' (FLEs) combined use of affiliative and self-defeating humour on customers' perceptions of service quality in 268 service encounters. Bivariate results show that the positive effect of affiliative humour is much stronger than the negative effect of self-defeating humour. On the contrary, response surface analyses show that bad may be stronger than good. FLEs' humour use is particularly advantageous with customers who appreciate humour, while for those who do not, there is an optimal margin effect when affiliative humour exceeds self-defeating humour.
This paper focuses on response strategies to humour as listener activities. Drawing on authentic discourse data collected in two workplaces, one in Hong Kong and one in New Zealand, we explore the ...complex and versatile listener activity of responding to two particularly ambiguous and thus interesting types of humour: teasing and self-denigrating humour.
Using the framework of rapport management (
Spencer-Oatey, 2000) we look at how these types of humour are responded to in relationships that are unequal in terms of power: we explore some of the ways in which subordinates in our workplace data deal with the potentially face-threatening situation that emerges when their superiors use self-denigrating humour or teasing. A particular focus is on listeners’ strategies to resolve this tension and to manage sociality rights as well as to do face-work (by considering interlocutors’ quality and identity face).
Our analysis indicates that by employing and often combining various different response strategies, listeners achieve a range of functions simultaneously: they signal recipiency, respond to the hierarchical relationship between interlocutors, and they attend to their own as well as their superiors’ face needs. However, members of the different workplaces differ substantially in their choice of response strategies. We argue that analyses of response strategies in asymmetrical relationships and rapport management strategies in general need to take into consideration both the wider socio-cultural context in which they occur as well as the specific norms and practices that characterise interlocutors’ communities of practice (CofPs).
In this introductory article to a special issue on ‘the politics and aesthetics of humour’, we argue that today in the Global North, humour forms a heavily debated topic, which is deeply embedded in ...political struggles over who are included and excluded in post-9/11 nation states. Under influence of the recent shift from post-politics to hyper-politics in the European and Anglo-American public sphere, we observe a repoliticisation of humour. To understand how humour in this cultural conjuncture is related to processes of power distribution and contestation, a cultural studies approach is needed. We outline the following four main characteristics of such an approach: (1) it studies humour in the plural, as a set of cultural and aesthetic conventions embodied in practices that are not guided by one grand social or political function, (2) it seeks to understand how humour is embedded in relationships of power, and contributes to the negotiation, contestation and maintaining of social hierarchies, (3) it looks specifically at the form and style of humour, its aesthetics and how on this formal level, political meaning is created and (4) it contends that, while humour often purposefully creates confusion and ambiguity, through its rhetorical and aesthetic operations it also has the ability to foreground particular interpretations, thus making the meaning of comic utterances less undecided than is often claimed.
Advancing the concept of multimodal voicing as a tool for describing user-generated online humour, this paper reports a study on humorous COVID-19 mask memes. The corpus is drawn from four popular ...social media platforms and examined through a multimodal discourse analytic lens. The dominant memetic trends are elucidated and shown to rely programmatically on nested (multimodal) voices, whether compatible or divergent, as is the case with the dissociative echoing of individuals wearing peculiar masks or the dissociative parodic echoing of their collective voice. The theoretical thrust of this analysis is that, as some memes are (re)posted across social media (sometimes going viral), the previous voice(s) – of the meme subject/author/poster – can be re-purposed (e.g. ridiculed) or unwittingly distorted. Overall, this investigation offers new theoretical and methodological implications for the study of memes: it indicates the usefulness of the notions of multimodal voicing, intertextuality and echoing as research apparatus; and it brings to light the epistemological ambiguity in lay and academic understandings of memes, the voices behind which cannot always be categorically known.
Purpose. The purpose of this study is to examine how affiliative humour, which can bedefined as a positive humour style focusing on enhancing connections, is associated with collaborating, ...compromising, and avoiding conflict management styles in organisations. Study design. An online survey was conducted following the convenience sampling method to test the proposed hypotheses. The sample consisted of 257 teachers working at public schools in Adana, who are master’s degree students in Adana Alparslan Turkes Science and Technology University, Turkey. Exploratory factor analysis, correlation analysis, and regression analysis were conducted in line with the research goals. Findings. As a result, affiliative humour was found to be significantly correlated with compromising and collaborating. Nonetheless, avoiding was found to have no significant relationship with affiliative humour. Compromising was the only significant variable in the regression model, which explaineda limited variance in affiliative humour. Implications for practice. Managers may deliberately tend to “produce” humour to benefit from it in conflicting situations. Nonetheless, managerial control for theuse of humour does not guarantee the expected productivity. Therefore, employees may be advised to acknowledge the benefits of positive humour styles — in case of this study, affiliative humour — inmanaging interpersonal conflicts. Value of the results. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, a limited number of studies exist focusing directly on the association between affiliative humour and interpersonal conflict. Hence, the results are considered to fill the gap in the literature by clarifying that compromisingis the only conflict management style that has a positive impact on affiliative humour.
This article examines intertextuality in digital humour through a combination of tools from pragmatics and decoloniality. The study draws on a dataset of Spanish image macros that intertwine highbrow ...and lowbrow intertextual references. The analysis is framed by key theoretical concepts at the discursive and hierarchical levels. Specifically, three domains of the colonial matrix of power (knowledge, humanity and governance) are used as analytical categories to identify specific intertextual strategies and hierarchies present in the data. The visual and verbal components of the items are analysed through critical discourse analysis with attention to their salient signs. The use of the colonial matrix of power as an analytical tool for identifying hierarchies in intertextual references stands out as a methodological application with the potential to be further replicated in discourse analysis.
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