The Light of the Soul examines the debate between Leibniz, Malebranche, and Descartes on the nature of ideas, which was crucial to the development of early modern thinking about the mind and ...knowledge. Nicholas Jolley guides the reader through the debate and considers its implications for a broad range of issues, such as innate ideas, self-knowledge, scepticism, the mind-body problem, and the creation of the eternal truths, which are as important to philosophy today as they were in the seventeenth century.
Firms increasingly use innovation tournaments to crowdsource innovation ideas from customers. This article uncovers antecedents and consequences of customers’ participation intensity over the course ...of a tournament. More specifically, the authors theorize on the effects that the type and timing of moderating feedback have on tournament participants’ participation intensity, as well as the effect of the latter on idea quality. Through two longitudinal experiments using a commercial innovation tournament platform, the authors show that moderating feedback stimulates ideators’ participation intensity. They find that negative feedback increases participation intensity, as compared to no feedback and positive feedback. Moreover, negative feedback, either provided in isolation or together with positive feedback, is more effective during the early stages than in the later stages of a tournament. Using a large-scale managerial survey, the authors show that higher participation intensity leads to higher idea quality and better business performance. The effect of participation intensity on idea quality is stronger than the effect of number of ideas and as strong as the effect of number of participants on idea quality.
Collective idea generation and innovation processes are complex and dynamic, involving a large amount of qualitative narrative information that is difficult to monitor, analyze, and visualize using ...traditional methods. In this study, we developed three new visualization methods for collective idea generation and innovation processes and applied them to data from online social network experiments. The first visualization is the Idea Cloud, which helps monitor collective idea posting activity and intuitively tracks idea clustering and transition. The second visualization is the Idea Geography, which helps understand how the idea space and its utility landscape are structured and how collaboration was performed in that space. The third visualization is the Idea Network, which connects idea dynamics with the social structure of the people who generated them, displaying how social influence among neighbors may have affected collaborative activities and where innovative ideas arose and spread in the social network.
Soliciting novel ideas from the crowd is a paradigm shift for innovation that gains increasing attention from researchers and practitioners. However, studies examining the relationship between the ...novelty of crowdsourced ideas and firms' idea adoption decisions are surprisingly rare. This research adopts the path-of-least-resistance (POLR) theory as a new theoretical angle to examine the role of idea feasibility as a key heuristic cue mediating the effect of idea novelty on adoption decisions. We further explore factors that may amplify or mitigate this mediation. Using data collected from a laboratory experiment and a firm-sponsored crowdsourcing community, we reveal that firms tend to follow the POLR by using idea feasibility as meta-information to evaluate novel ideas in their idea adoption decisions. However, this tendency depends on external stimuli and constraints, such that the mediation of idea feasibility exists only when idea favorability from the crowd is low or when an ideator's prior ideation participation is high. Our supplementary study further offers preliminary insights on the extension of our proposed effects to the ultimate success of adopted ideas. These findings illuminate a better understanding of firms' idea adoption decisions and suggest ways to manage idea crowdsourcing effectively for new product/service development and improvements.
•Firms' idea adoption decision in crowdsourcing using path of least resistance theory.•Idea feasibility as a heuristic cue negatively mediates the relationship between idea novelty and idea adoption.•Idea favorability weakens the mediating effect of idea feasibility.•Ideators' past ideation participation strengthens the mediating effect of idea feasibility.
Background: Evidence suggests that goal anti-Xa levels are achieved in only 33% of critically ill patients receiving standard prophylactic enoxaparin dosing. There has been limited focus on the ...potential suboptimal anticoagulation effect on medical intensive care unit (MICU) patients receiving therapeutic enoxaparin dosing for venous thromboembolism (VTE).
Methods: MICU patients receiving enoxaparin 1 mg/kg twice daily or 1.5 mg/kg daily for VTE treatment in a 350-bed community teaching hospital between 2013 and 2019 with at least one peak anti-Xa level measured were included. The primary outcome was the proportion who achieved therapeutic anti-Xa levels with standard dosing. Secondary outcomes included types of dose-adjustments required and the proportion requiring subsequent dose-adjustments. Descriptive statistics were presented for all outcomes.
Results: Fifty-three patients were evaluated, including those receiving either twice-daily or once-daily standard therapeutic dosing. Optimal anti-Xa levels at first measurement were recorded after the initiation of enoxaparin in 26.4% (n=14) patients. Dose adjustments were required in 70.7% (n=29) of patients receiving twice-daily dosing and in 83.3% (n=10) receiving once-daily dosing (P=0.97) to appropriately increase or decrease the enoxaparin dose. By the third anti-Xa level measurement, 3 patients remained outside of the therapeutic range.
Conclusions: Standard therapeutic enoxaparin dosing did not result in optimal anti-Xa levels for a majority of MICU patients regardless of dosing regimen used or patient specific factors. Future studies should identify patient factors associated with the requirement for higher or lower enoxaparin dosing.
This investigation is part of a line of research examining the implications of Openness to Experience for creative metacognition. We assessed the relationships between Openness to Experience and its ...two aspects and idea generation, evaluation and selection, using a metacognitive approach. In studies 1 and 2, participants completed a battery of questionnaires assessing Openness to Experience, demographic questions and a divergent thinking task. In addition, participants were asked to report strengths and weaknesses for their ideas and select the most creative idea. Independent raters evaluated the creativity of each idea, the relevance of the identified strengths and weaknesses and selected the most creative idea for each participant. Results showed a consistent, positive relationship between Openness to Experience and creative scores and relevance of strengths and weaknesses identified. In study 1, Openness made a significant, additional contribution to creative scores while controlling for Openness to Experience. Conversely, in study 2, Intellect made an additional contribution to relevance of strengths and weaknesses. Overall, results from our measurement model showed that Openness to Experience explained between 54 and 67% of the total variance, leaving a significant amount of residual variance in part explained by Openness and Intellect.
•Openness to Experience was a predictor of idea generation and evaluation•Openness was a significant predictor of idea generation in one of two studies•Intellect was a significant predictor of relevance of strengths and weaknesses•There is enough evidence to justify the examination of Openness and Intellect
Despite the widespread and increased usage of idea contests and, within these, gamification elements, scarce data exist on the effects of utilizing gamification elements to increase performance and ...motivation in idea contests. We therefore investigate the incentive effect of gamification elements on the output of online idea contests in a field experiment with 446 individuals across five treatment groups. Our results show that game elements can increase quantitative performance but not the motivation of participants or the quality of ideas. Additionally, we do not report a crowding-out effect. We therefore conclude that gamification is suited to improving the performance of effortless tasks, such as commenting, but it should not be the main driver behind improved idea quantity or quality levels. The results are in line with recent findings in the psychology literature suggesting that external incentives positively influence quantity but have less influence on the quality of performance.
The authors explore how firms can enhance consumer performance in online idea generation platforms. Most, if not all, online idea generation platforms offer all consumers identical tasks in which (1) ...participants are granted access to ideas from other participants and (2) ideas are classified into categories, but consumers can navigate freely across idea categories. The former is linked to stimulus ideas, and the latter may be viewed as a first step toward problem decomposition. The authors propose that the effects of both stimulus ideas and problem decomposition are moderated by consumers' domain-specific knowledge. In particular, concrete cues such as stimulus ideas are more beneficial to low-knowledge consumers, and high-knowledge consumers are better served with abstract cues such as the ones offered by problem decomposition. The authors' hypotheses are supported by an extensive empirical investigation involving more than 6,000 participants. The findings suggest that online idea generation platforms should use problem decomposition more explicitly and that firms should not immediately show other participants' ideas to high-knowledge consumers when they access the platform. In other words, online idea generation platforms should customize the task structure on the basis of each participant's domain-specific knowledge.
: Uncontrolled hypertension is serious and may lead to severe cardiovascular events and death. To better educate and empower patients to meet their blood pressure (BP) management goals, a large, ...integrated academic healthcare system implemented the Blood Pressure Goals Achievement Program (BPGAP), a longitudinal intervention embedding community pharmacists within healthcare teams. This study evaluated BPGAP on its ability to promote patient BP management goals.
: A pre-/post-intervention analysis was conducted whereby BP measurements were evaluated longitudinally within acuity groups determined by k-means clustering. Generalized linear mixed models evaluated trends in BP by time period, and proportions of patients meeting BP management goals (<140/90 mmHg) were assessed in relation to BPGAP enrollment date.
: There were 5,125 patients who were clustered into Uncontrolled, Borderline, and Controlled blood pressure groups; 2,108 patients had BP measurements across 4 time periods before and after BPGAP enrollment. Groups differed by patient age, sex, and other demographics (p<0.0001). Patients in the Uncontrolled and Borderline BP clusters demonstrated significant BP decreases after BPGAP enrollment, continuing at least to 1-year post-intervention; Controlled cluster patients maintained BPs throughout the study period. The proportion of patients with controlled BPs increased from 56% immediately pre-BPGAP to 74% in the 3- to 6-months following enrollment.
: BPGAP is effective at helping patients achieve their BP management goals. Pharmacists may play a key role in hypertension control through measuring BPs and including updates and recommendations in the electronic health record, educating patients, and engaging in communication with healthcare teams.
