This study examines the racial and ethnic identity preferences of U.S.-born and foreign-born African Caribbeans, and the extent to which social contextual factors shape and alter these identities. ...Using qualitative and quantitative data, we address the following questions: Are African Caribbeans more likely to exhibit an ethnic identity, a racial identity, or both? What contextual factors (i.e., socioeconomic status, social distancing, discrimination, and region) affect the way African Caribbeans identify? The results indicate that foreign-born African Caribbeans are more likely to adopt an ethnic identity while U.S.-born African Caribbeans are more likely to identify racially. In addition, discrimination was a crucial factor in the identity preferences of African Caribbeans across both the qualitative and quantitative analyses. The results of the qualitative study showed that African Caribbeans were able to negotiate between their racial and ethnic identities which were inherently shaped by residing in the Midwest.
The survival outcomes for women presenting with early breast cancer are influenced by treatment decisions. In Malaysia, survival outcome is generally poor due to late presentation. Of those who ...present early, many refuse treatment for complementary therapy.
This study aimed to explore the decision making experiences of women with early breast cancer.
A qualitative study using individual in-depth interviews was conducted to capture the decision making process of women with early breast cancer in Malaysia. We used purposive sampling to recruit women yet to undergo surgical treatment. A total of eight participants consented and were interviewed using a semi-structured interview guide. These women were recruited from a period of one week after they were informed of their diagnoses. A topic guide, based on the Ottawa decision support framework (ODSF), was used to facilitate the interviews, which were audio recorded, transcribed and analysed using a thematic approach.
We identified four phases in the decision-making process of women with early breast cancer: discovery (pre-diagnosis); confirmatory ('receiving bad news'); deliberation; and decision (making a decision). These phases ranged from when women first discovered abnormalities in their breasts to them making final surgical treatment decisions. Information was vital in guiding these women. Support from family members, friends, healthcare professionals as well as survivors also has an influencing role. However, the final say on treatment decision was from themselves.
The treatment decision for women with early breast cancer in Malaysia is a result of information they gather on their decision making journey. This journey starts with diagnosis. The women's spouses, friends, family members and healthcare professionals play different roles as information providers and supporters at different stages of treatment decisions. However, the final treatment decision is influenced mainly by women's own experiences, knowledge and understanding.
Governments, funders, and institutional policies increasingly encourage and even mandate the involvement of nonscientists in the ethical review of research, most famously in institutional review ...boards (IRBs), but also on community advisory boards (CABs) and other committees that contribute to research governance. In spite of these requirements, few have examined how different factors such as recruitment strategies, training, and different qualifications shape the contributions of nonscientists to the research enterprise. This pilot study begins to fill in this lacuna by interviewing nonscientist members of IRBs and community members of CABs. Results suggest patterned differences in demographics, recruitment strategies, training, and perceived qualifications between community members on these two types of boards with potential implications for how we perceive the scope of contributions that nonscientists can provide to the ethical review of research and the strategic ways these contributions can be elicited.
Sense of security is important throughout the lifespan not at least in advanced age with increased risks of functional declines and decreased social capital. Despite this, knowledge concerning older ...person's perceptions and experiences of sense of security when moving into nursing homes is scarce. This study is a longitudinal, descriptive, exploratory case study with in-depth interviews and observations of three older persons in the age of 87, 88, and 91 years in a mid-sized municipality in the south of Sweden, in order to highlight how sense of security is experienced when moving into and living in a nursing home. Data were analysed using qualitative content analysis, which resulted in one main theme and four categories. The main theme, 'Adaptation and sense of security', indicates older persons' need to adapt to the new context of the nursing home, and how this relates to their sense of security. The categories - 'Control', 'Struggling for understanding', 'Lack of influence', and 'Grasping' - suggest that older persons' sense of security is reduced when they must adjust to routines without sufficient management and understanding. When able to maintain control over daily routines, and felt as a part of the new context, they perceived a sense of security.
While laws in Uganda surrounding abortion remain contradictory, a frequent interpretation of the law is that abortion is only allowed to save the woman's life. Nevertheless abortion occurs frequently ...under unsafe conditions at a rate of 54 abortions per 1000 women of reproductive age annually, taking a large toll on women's health. There are an estimated 148,500 women in Uganda who experience abortion complications annually. Understanding opinion leaders' knowledge and perceptions about unsafe abortion is critical to identifying ways to address this public health issue. We conducted in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 41 policy-makers, cultural leaders, local politicians and leaders within the health care sector in 2009-10 at the national as well as district (Bushenyi, Kamuli and Lira) level to explore their knowledge and perceptions of unsafe abortion and the potential for policy to address this issue. Only half of the sample knew the current law regulating abortion in Uganda. Respondents understood that the result of the current abortion restrictions included longterm health complications, unwanted children and maternal death. Perceived consequences of increasing access to safe abortion included improved health as well as overuse of abortion, marital conflict and less reliance on preventive behaviour. Opinion leaders expressed the most support for legalization of abortion in cases of rape when the perpetrator was unknown. Understanding opinion leaders' perspectives on this politically sensitive topic provides insight into the policy context of abortion laws, drivers behind maintaining the status quo, and ways to improve provision under the law: increase education among providers and opinion leaders.
Orientation: Spousal support is a crucial area to explore, particularly due to the increased prevalence of dual-career couples in South Africa and the dynamics facing them.Research purpose: The main ...objective of this study was to explore Indian wives’ perceptions regarding the support they receive from their husbands and the impact that such support has on their career progression.Motivation for the study: The limited qualitative research available globally on the subject and the dearth of research that focuses on Indian professional females in the South African context motivated the study.Research design, approach and method: A qualitative research approach was followed, and the data were collected through in-depth, life-story interviews. Purposeful and snowball sampling methods yielded a sample of nine Indian female managers who were in dual-career marriages.Main findings: Spouses are essential sources of support for Indian professional women. The findings revealed that there are various marital and socio-cultural dynamics that impact on the spousal support received by these women, which ultimately influences their career advancement.Practical/managerial implications: The findings provided valuable information regarding the marital challenges that Indian women face in their career progression. The awareness of such dynamics can assist management in devising strategies to accommodate and retain the unique talent that Indian women have to offer.Contribution/value-add: The study contributes to the evolving body of knowledge on dualcareer couples by focusing on an under-researched, but essential aspect of the dual-career arrangement.
In diesem Beitrag beschäftigen wir uns mit der Rolle hegemonialer Männlichkeit im Behindertensport für Menschen mit motorischen Beeinträchtigungen. Hegemoniale Männlichkeit verweist auf ein zur ...Konstruktion von Geschlechtsidentität genutztes Männlichkeitsideal. Um zu verstehen, in welcher Weise dies auf den Behindertensport Einfluss nimmt, haben wir Zeitschriften des ersten Clubs für körperlich Behinderte in Buenos Aires und Interviews mit 26 Rehabilitationsfachkräften sowie 21 körperlich beinträchtigen Sportlern inhaltsanalytisch untersucht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass hegemonialer Männlichkeit eine Schlüsselrolle in der Philosophie des Behindertensports zukommt, die eine spezifische Lesart körperlicher Beeinträchtigung vor dem Hintergrund einer angenommenen "Kultur der Champions" unversehrter Körperlichkeit und mit ihr verbundener Modelle von Männlichkeit nahelegt: In Reaktion auf diese Modelle haben körperlich Beeinträchtigte die Kategorie der "Lahmen" als Selbstreferenz entwickelt, und sie beanspruchen für sich eine solche Kultur, die Normalisierungsimperativen folgt und auf die kontinuierliche Überwindung von Hindernissen hin orientiert ist. Während die hier beanspruchte "Kultur der Champions" einerseits die Stigmatisierung von Beeinträchtigungen (als sexuell versagend, unproduktiv und abhängig) infrage stellt, inthronisiert sie zugleich eine Ideologie uneingeschränkter Möglichkeiten und reproduziert oppressive Sozialstrukturen.
This article examines the challenges and potential of the historical and qualitative approach of political elites, particularly through in-depth interviews. We point out some questions for which this ...methodology is particularly relevant and we reconstruct the main challenges entailed by the fieldwork among leading sectors. The article is based on a research of the elites of the Interior Ministry in Argentina since 1983 that triangulates different types of sources: interviews, archives, formal regulations, national press and specialized literature. Instead of taking for granted the effectiveness of interviews in general and abstract terms, we analyze the scope and limits of this source of inquiry to rebuild political socialization, paths and practices of political elites. Furthermore, we reconstruct some of the recurrent obstacles in fieldwork -including accessibility, temporality and the presence of "official" or prefabricated speeches- as well as the ways to overcome them. In particular, we argue that this methodological strategy is fruitful for: a) tracing "entries in policy" and reconstructing trajectories of agents in a densely and contextualized way; b) identifying valued knowledge, shared codes and symbolic boundaries that impact on the political field; and c) reconstructing practices, decisions and dilemmas when it is impossible to "follow the agents". In that sense, this article discusses both with the literature on qualitative methodologies and with the one on political elites. It aims, on the one hand, to provide clues and resources to researchers working with interviews; and, on the other, to remind that the ruling elites "matter" and are not interchangeable, that they do not respond to a universal and disembodied rationality but draw forms of action that are complex and historically situated.
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