The emergence of agreements between private pathway colleges and public English-medium institutions represents a new development in internationalization that further challenges the public higher ...education landscape. While these institutional arrangements are controversial and often criticized, university senior administrators have been successfully able to advocate for and authorize them. This paper takes a closer look into the reasoning that administrators use in order to legitimize formal agreements with private pathway colleges in Canada. Drawing from the sensemaking literature within organizational theory, the following strategies are traced and analyzed: 1) normalization, 2) authorization, 3) rationalization, 4) moralization, and 5) narrativization. Through content analysis of 50 institutional documents, supported by nine semi-structured interviews with senior administrators representing two public universities and one private provider in Canada (Navitas), the paper demonstrates how neoliberal ideologies in internationalization are actively enacted in public spaces by administrators representing the public higher education sector.
The paper discusses the potential of virtual exchange (VE) to promote the development of Internationalization at Home (IaH) approaches. With that aim, the GAZUFES VE project was undertaken in the ...COVID-19/post-pandemic scenario between two universities in the Global South: one in Brazil and another one in Turkey. The theoretical framework informing the research is that of VE as a strategy to internationalize higher education and English teacher education. The methodology employed is qualitative, using content analysis to analyze data collected through reflection reports, interviews, journals, and observations produced by the project informants: preservice English teachers, researchers, teacher trainers and international relations office (IRO) staff in the two institutions involved in the GAZUFES project. Results of the analysis suggest that the GAZUFES project made a significant contribution to English Language Teaching (ELT) education and IaH in the contexts researched, not least by raising the awareness at the IRO offices and the two institutions about the potential of VE for IaH approaches. The implementation of the GAZUFES project was a teacher-led innovation in the two institutions involved and more work is required to institutionalize VE projects beyond individual teachers’ efforts. Results are discussed in terms of the challenges and benefits of VE for ELT education in general and IaH in particular through the inclusion of voices and perspectives of different agents in the two institutions (student teachers, researchers, teacher trainers and IRO staff) involved in the GAZUFES project.
This study was administered to determine the perspective of Pangasinan State University -- Open University Systems (PSU-OUS) towards internationalization as perceived by the academic unit's ...professors as the initial step for its implementation and realization. The method of research that was used in the study is descriptive. Total population sampling technique was used in determining the respondents, all of whom 20 faculty members of PSU-OUS. Mean average and 4-point Likert scale were used in analyzing and interpreting the data gathered. The questionnaire was validated by experts which include deans and directors in the graduate school level to ensure its validity and reliability. Google Forms were used as data gathering tool. The level of readiness of PSU-OUS in internationalization as perceived by faculty members is moderately ready. The faculty members' level of understanding towards internationalization is also moderate in extent. Further, faculty members perceived a high extent of opportunity in relation to internationalization. Finally, faculty members discern the internationalization challenges as less serious in PSU-OUS. PSU-OUS and other institutions across the world should give emphasis on indicators in the understanding of internationalization such as international students' recruitment, facilities and support system and diversity of income generation. Institutions should intensify its awareness on internationalization through seminars and forums. Further, the institutions should review its policies regarding the perceived very serious challenges of internationalization such as high cost of investing in building and infrastructure, lack of efficient quality assurance mechanism, and lack of stakeholders' and staff orientation.
•We examine the international market selection decision of social enterprises.•Our data is from 41 European impact investing organizations and 153 countries.•The foreign market selection of social ...enterprises is tied to their hybridity.•Social enterprises invest where the macroeconomic climate is neither good nor bad.•Future internationalization works must be mindful of social enterprises’ hybridity.
Social enterprises are hybrid organizations that concurrently pursue social and economic goals and hence are mid-way between conventional capitalistic firms and non-profit organizations. Many social enterprises are becoming international; delivering services across borders. With the objective of understanding the internationalization of these unconventional organizations, this paper examines their international market selection decision based on host countries’ macroeconomic conditions. Generally, we hypothesize that the international market selection decision of social enterprises is tied to their hybridity, an overarching characteristic that sets them apart from other types of organizations. We build an original dataset with information on 41 European and North American impact investing organizations and 153 developing countries. Largely, our findings support the hypothesis, suggesting that social enterprises operate in foreign countries that offer a desirable balance between their social and financial goals. However, they avoid contexts with high country risk, factors that could cause a shortfall in expected returns.
Microbanks serve micro-enterprises and poor people with financial services. This study examines how various aspects of international influence affect microbanks’ financial and social performance. ...Grounded in agency theory and resource-based theory, we argue that there are multiple ways that the internationalization of microbanks might affect performance. Specifically, we argue that one can distinguish between four sources of such internationalization effects; international initiator, international directorship, international debt, and international affiliation/networks. This study utilizes data from 379 microbanks in 73 developing countries – assessed between 2001 and 2008. We find that the internationalization of microbanks to a large extend enhances social performance, but does not enhance financial performance.
This article analyses the relationship between CEO succession events and German firms’ internationalization processes, which is represented by the degree of internationalization (DOI) growth and ...internationalization rhythm. Based on a theoretical framework combining elements of agency theory, institutionalism and upper echelons approach, we propose a longitudinal model to examine the relationships of both process variables with the number of CEO changes and succession type (internal vs. external succession), respectively. The results of our study of 102 German firms over 23 years (1990–2012) show an inverted U-shaped impact (no impact) of the number of CEO changes (succession type) on the DOI growth and a positive (negative) monotonic effect on the rhythm of internationalization.
This paper examines the role of social networks in the internationalization processes of new ventures in contexts characterized by different levels of institutional development. A country’s level of ...institutional development may have a direct effect on the composition of entrepreneurs’ social networks (i.e., prevalence of strong versus weak ties). Furthermore, both strong and weak ties may have direct, positive effects on the speed of new venture internationalization, but the relative strength of these effects likely depends on a country’s level of institutional development. Building on these arguments, we develop a theoretical model which specifies the rationale entrepreneurs use to draw on their social networks and drive internationalization; the model also enumerates institutional conditions in which different types of network ties tend to be most prominent and valuable.
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