Ionic liquids in biotechnology and beyond Claus, Johanna; Sommer, Fridolin O.; Kragl, Udo
Solid state ionics,
January 2018, 2018-01-00, 20180101, Letnik:
314
Journal Article
Recenzirano
In the past decades, ionic liquids (IL) evolved from a “designer solvent” to a well-known and well-characterized class of compounds useful in reactions, extractions, and other applications. By an ...increasing number of synthesized ILs also new fields of application were uncovered. The todayʼs research interest covers a range for direct use of ILs, application as embedding material or as catalyst. In this brief review, we present diverse applications of pure native ILs as well as these of polymerized ionic liquids (PILs). These charged polymers unite the presented advantages of both, ionic liquids and solid polymer structures. We also show the recent developments in the areas of drug delivery, catalysis and catalyst immobilization where these particular compositions demonstrate improvements compared to existing solutions. Besides the advantages, we likewise discuss some limitations and drawbacks.
•An overview of ionic liquids and polymerized ionic liquids, their properties and characteristics is given•Recent developments of applications in catalysis, separation processes and drug delivery are presented
Understanding the ionic transport behaviors in hybrid solid electrolytes (HSEs) is critically important for the practical realization of rechargeable Li‐metal batteries (LMBs) with high safety. ...Herein, it is reported a new solid “Ionogel‐in‐Ceramic” electrolyte by using the Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3 (LATP) ceramic particles as a framework and “Poly(ionic liquid)s‐in‐Salt” (“PolyIL‐in‐Salt”) ionogel as an ionic bridge via a simple pressing process. The “PolyIL‐in‐Salt” ionogel precursor is designed to improve the chemical compatibility at solid–solid interfaces. Molecular dynamics simulations reveal the roles of salt concentrations on the distribution of co‐coordination of “PolyIL‐in‐Salt” ionogel. Moreover, the “PolyIL‐in‐Salt” ionogel containing co‐coordination not only inhibits the parasitic reactions between LATP and Li anode but also provides efficient Li+ conducting pathways. Benefiting from the designed structure, the “Ionogel‐in‐Ceramic” HSE exhibits an excellent ionic conductivity of 0.17 mS cm−1 at 50 °C. Meanwhile, the as‐formed solid electrolyte enables a long cycle of over 3500 h in Li/Li symmetric cell. Further, all‐solid‐state lithium metal batteries fabricated on LiFePO4 and high voltage LiCoO2 cathodes deliver 160.0 mAh g−1, 125.0 mAh g−1, respectively. This study sheds light on the rational design of solid‐state electrolytes with efficient interparticle Li+ conduction, compatible, stable, compact, and durable electrode–electrolyte interfaces.
A novel type “Ionogel‐in‐Ceramic” hybrid electrolyte exhibits the merits of both soft ionogel electrolyte and the inorganic solid ceramic electrolyte is proposed. The synergistic coupling mechanism in the distribution of co‐coordination and interaction between inorganic filler and lithium salt are systemically studied. Understanding molecular‐level interfacial interaction/transport of as‐developed electrolyte will boost the development of next‐generation batteries.
Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) belong to a well-known class of cationic biocides with a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity. They are used as essential components in surfactants, personal ...hygiene products, cosmetics, softeners, dyes, biological dyes, antiseptics, and disinfectants. Simple but varied in their structure, QACs are divided into several subclasses: Mono-, bis-, multi-, and poly-derivatives. Since the beginning of the 20th century, a significant amount of work has been dedicated to the advancement of this class of biocides. Thus, more than 700 articles on QACs were published only in 2020, according to the modern literature. The structural variability and diverse biological activity of ionic liquids (ILs) make them highly prospective for developing new types of biocides. QACs and ILs bear a common key element in the molecular structure-quaternary positively charged nitrogen atoms within a cyclic or acyclic structural framework. The state-of-the-art research level and paramount demand in modern society recall the rapid development of a new generation of tunable antimicrobials. This review focuses on the main QACs exhibiting antimicrobial and antifungal properties, commercial products based on QACs, and the latest discoveries in QACs and ILs connected with biocide development.
A novel and rapid microextraction approach termed as ionic liquid-linked dual magnetic microextraction (IL-DMME), was developed for the atomic absorption spectrometric determination of lead. The ...developed method based on a combination of dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) and dispersive micro solid-phase extraction (D-μ-SPE). In the first DLLME step, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate C4mimPF6, was selected to extract the lead-pyrrolidine-dithiocarbamate (Pb-PDC) complex from sample solution by the assistance of vortex agitator. After the first step, fifty milligrams of Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) were added to extraction of the ionic liquid and Pb-PDC complex in aqueous solution. The effective factors in proposed IL-DMME procedure, including volume of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, amount of Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles, vortex time, amount of ammonium pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate, sample volume and matrix effect were optimized in details. Under the optimal conditions, the method present has low detection limit (0.57μgL−1), high preconcentration factor (160) and good repeatability (<7.5%, n=10). The accuracy of the developed method was evaluated by the analysis of the certified reference materials and addition-recovery tests. The method was successfully applied to the determination of lead in water, plant and hair samples.
•A new ionic liquid-linked dual magnetic microextraction was developed.•The analytical parameters were optimized.•The accuracy was evaluated by the analysis of the certified reference materials•The method was applied to the determination of lead in water, food and hair samples.
A mesoporous iron‐based fluoride cathode for lithium batteries is fabricated by a novel low‐temperature non‐aqueous synthesis based on ionic liquid medium. The hydration‐water‐induced microstructural ...optimization and morphological decoration are expected to contribute positively to both the large reversible Li‐storage capacity and the high reactive voltage of carbon‐free FeF3 · 0.33H2O at room temperature.
New 1,2,3-triazolium ionic liquid-supported chiral imidazolidinones were developed. The feasibility of the ionic liquid-supported imidazolidinones as chiral auxiliaries was demonstrated in sequential ...propionylation-alkylation-cleavage reactions, which provided the chiral product with good to excellent chemical yields (up to 90%) and high selectivities (up to 94% ee). The progress of the reactions could be monitored by TLC and NMR, and the ionic liquid-supported chiral auxiliaries could be recovered by simple extraction.
In this work, the MIL-100(Fe) was selected as blank-sample. Using one-pot method, phosphotungstic acids were encapsulated in the blank-sample to prepare HPW@MIL-100(Fe). Then, the ionic liquid ...(EMIMN(Tf)2) was chosen to modify the HPW@MIL-100(Fe). And the phosphotungstic acid-ionic-liquid (HPW-ILs) modified MIL-100(Fe) (HPW-ILs@MIL-100(Fe)) was obtained. The final product was introduced into polymer matrixes (C-SPAEKS) to prepare hybrid membranes. The structures and morphologies of MOFs and membranes were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscope (FTSEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). This series of membranes exhibited increasing proton conductivities from 0.043 S cm−1 of C-SPAEKS to 0.138 S cm−1 of HPW-ILs@MOF-4 at 100 °C and 100% relative humidity. Furthermore, these hybrid membranes have enhanced mechanical properties and dimensional stabilities. Obviously, the HPW-ILs@MIL-100(Fe) had a beneficial function on improving the performance of PEMs and showed great potential in PEMs applications.
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•First, the HPW@MIL-100(Fe) was synthesized by using a one-pot method.•The HPW-ILs@MIL-100(Fe) was synthesized through anion exchange by using HPW@MIL-100(Fe) and ILs.•The HPW-ILs@MIL-100(Fe) was incorporated into C-SPAEKS membranes.•The membranes showed good proton conductivity and long-term stability.
Ionic liquids have gained increasing attention in the chemical industry as potential green substitutes for traditional solvents. However, little is known about toxicity of ionic liquids on the skin, ...a major exposure portal to toxic substances. Here, we evaluated dermal toxicity of ionic liquids using human keratinocyte and fibroblast cell line, 3D reconstructed human epidermis, and full-thickness model to investigate underlying mechanisms. Cytotoxicity of ionic liquids was evaluated for representative anions, TFSI, PF6, BF4, and DCA, as well as for cations, EMIM, BMPY, TBA and Zn, in human keratinocyte cell line, HaCaT, and human dermal fibroblasts. In our results, significant cytotoxicity was induced by ionic liquids with TFSI in both cell lines. Notably, cytotoxicity of TFSI containing ionic liquids was comparable to xylene, a toxic conventional organic solvent. Fluorescent and flow cytometric analysis revealed that TFSI-exposed cells underwent necrotic cell death. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) was increased while the amount of glutathione was decreased by TFSI in dose-dependent manner, which was reversed by antioxidant, N-acetylcysteine. In 3D reconstructed human epidermis and full-thickness model, a single application of TFSI induced toxicity although it was minimal and largely limited to epidermal layer. Collectively, these results demonstrated potential dermal toxicity of ionic liquids.
•Here, we demonstrate the dermal toxicity of ionic liquids against skin cells and 3D skin model.•Of tested ionic liquids, those containing TFSI anion exhibited strongest toxicity.•TFSI induced ROS generation and GSH depletion which led to necrotic cell deaths.
Ionic liquids (ILs) 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogensulfate (BMI.HSO4), 1-butylimidazole hydrogensulfate (BImH.HSO4) and 3-triethylammonium propane sulfonic hydrogensulfate (TEA-PS.HSO4) were ...encapsulated in UiO-66 (Zr-MOF) framework. These samples were incorporated into sulfonated poly (ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) polymer in different concentrations of IL. The influence of ionic liquid concentration encapsulated in Zr-MOF was evaluated through the morphology and thermal and chemical stability of the modified membranes. The incorporation of 7.5 wt% Zr-MOF in SPEEK produced membranes with high proton conductivity, making this the best mass ratio for the incorporation of the ionic liquids. Contact angle and swelling analysis indicate that the presence of these ionic liquids provides stability to the membrane, preventing it from absorbing high amounts of water. Mass ratios of 2.5 and 5.0 wt% of encapsulated ILs in Zr-MOF were also used. Proton conductivity results show that a higher concentration of ionic liquid generates agglomerates, limiting proton mobility in the membranes. Among the three ionic liquids tested, TEA-PS.HSO4 presents the best proton conductivity values, between 92 and 140 mS cm−1. These results indicate that the Zr-MOF/TEA-PS.HSO4 sample is a good candidate for use in proton exchange membrane for fuel cells.
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•Three ionic liquids were encapsulated in UiO-66 (Zr-MOF).•Zr-MOF with encapsulated IL was incorporated into SPEEK membrane.•SMOF/TEA2.5 membrane has shown the highest conductivity among SPEEK/MOF-IL membranes.
We developed a tough and highly CO2-permeable ion gel membrane composed of a CO2-philic ionic liquid (IL), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetracyanoborate (EmimB(CN)4), and an interpenetrating polymer ...network (IPN) composed of poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP) and crosslinkable poly(ethyl acrylate-co-N-succinimide acrylate) (poly(EA-co-NSA)). The semi-crystalline PVDF-HFP and IL-philic poly(EA-co-NSA) networks endowed the ion gel membrane with high mechanical strength and good IL-holding properties. The high mechanical strength and good IL-holding properties achieved by the polymer networks provided the ion gel membrane with high and selective CO2 permeability under pressurized conditions at a trans-membrane pressure difference of 250 kPa. In addition, the high CO2 absorbability of EmimB(CN)4 provided the ion gel membrane with a CO2 permeability of more than 2500 barrer and a CO2/N2 permselectivity of approximately 20 at an elevated temperature of 80 °C. It was also demonstrated that the CO2 permeability of the IPN ion gel membrane increased with increasing IL content. The IPN ion gel membrane with an IL content of 85 wt% had a CO2 permeability of 2243 barrer and a CO2/N2 permselectivity of 43 at 30 °C. The excellent CO2 permeability and CO2/N2 permselectivity were not changed by physical aging for more than one week.
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•A tough ion gel membrane containing a large amount of EmimB(CN)4 is developed.•The ion gel membrane has interpenetrated PVDF-HFP/poly(EA-co-NSA) network.•PVDF-HFP and poly(EA-co-NSA) respectively give toughness and IL-holding property.•EmimB(CN)4 content of the IPN ion gel membrane can be increased up to 85 wt%.•CO2 permeability reach 2400 barrer while keeping 40 of the CO2/N2 permselectivity.
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