À partir des années 1980, les entreprises et les administrations publiques ont eu tendance à externaliser des tâches, notamment les services informatiques, de sécurité, de restauration et de ...nettoyage, afin de se concentrer sur leurs activités principales. Cependant, ces dernières années, de nombreuses organisations ont inversé cette tendance en internalisant ou réinternalisant (« backsourcing ») certaines des tâches en question. Le présent article vise à examiner le degré d’externalisation des activités dans les administrations régionales bruxelloises, l’incidence du phénomène sur les travailleurs et les organismes concernés, ainsi que le regard porté par les parties prenantes sur l’éventualité d’une réinternalisation d’emplois peu qualifiés. Nos constatations, qui s’appuient sur un projet pluridisciplinaire mené par le BSI pour talent.brussels, font apparaître que les décisions en matière d’externalisation et d’internalisation sont complexes et multidimensionnelles, et ne devraient pas se fonder uniquement sur des considérations pécuniaires.
Sinds de jaren 1980 zijn bedrijven en openbare besturen geneigd zich op hun kernactiviteiten te focussen en taken als IT, beveiliging, catering en schoonmaak uit te besteden. De jongste jaren zien we echter een omkering van deze tendens in vele organisaties, die sommige van deze activiteiten opnieuw intern gaan uitvoeren. Een proces dat we “backsourcing” noemen. Het doel van dit artikel is om te onderzoeken in welke mate activiteiten werden uitbesteed in de Brusselse gewestelijke besturen, wat de impact daarvan is op de betrokken medewerkers en organisaties en hoe de belanghebbenden staan tegenover een eventuele backsourcing van laaggekwalificeerde banen. In het kader van een multidisciplinair project van BSI voor Talent.Brussels hebben onze bevindingen aangetoond dat beslissingen over in- en outsourcing complex en multidimensionaal zijn en dat ze niet enkel gebaseerd mogen zijn op kostenoverwegingen.
Since the 1980s, there has been a trend for businesses and public administrations to focus on their core activities, outsourcing tasks such as IT, security, catering and cleaning services. However, in recent years, many organisations have been reversing the trend by insourcing, or “backsourcing”, some of these activities. The aim of this article is to study the extent to which activities have been outsourced in the Brussels regional administrations, its impact on workers and organisations involved, and the attitudes of stakeholders towards a possible re-internalisation of low-skilled jobs. Based on a multidisciplinary BSI project for Talent.Brussels, our findings show that decisions about outsourcing and insourcing are complex and multidimensional, and that they should not be based solely on monetary cost considerations.
Sinds de jaren 1980 zijn bedrijven en openbare besturen geneigd zich op hun kernactiviteiten te focussen en taken als IT, beveiliging, catering en schoonmaak uit te besteden. De jongste jaren zien we ...echter een omkering van deze tendens in vele organisaties, die sommige van deze activiteiten opnieuw intern gaan uitvoeren. Een proces dat we “backsourcing” noemen. Het doel van dit artikel is om te onderzoeken in welke mate activiteiten werden uitbesteed in de Brusselse gewestelijke besturen, wat de impact daarvan is op de betrokken medewerkers en organisaties en hoe de belanghebbenden staan tegenover een eventuele backsourcing van laaggekwalificeerde banen. In het kader van een multidisciplinair project van BSI voor Talent.Brussels hebben onze bevindingen aangetoond dat beslissingen over in- en outsourcing complex en multidimensionaal zijn en dat ze niet enkel gebaseerd mogen zijn op kostenoverwegingen.
Since the 1980s, there has been a trend for businesses and public administrations to focus on their core activities, outsourcing tasks such as IT, security, catering and cleaning services. However, in recent years, many organisations have been reversing the trend by insourcing, or “backsourcing”, some of these activities. The aim of this article is to study the extent to which activities have been outsourced in the Brussels regional administrations, its impact on workers and organisations involved, and the attitudes of stakeholders towards a possible re-internalisation of low-skilled jobs. Based on a multidisciplinary BSI project for Talent.Brussels, our findings show that decisions about outsourcing and insourcing are complex and multidimensional, and that they should not be based solely on monetary cost considerations.Since the 1980s, there has been a trend for businesses and public administrations to focus on their core activities, outsourcing tasks such as IT, security, catering and cleaning services. However, in recent years, many organisations have been reversing the trend by insourcing, or “backsourcing”, some of these activities. The aim of this article is to study the extent to which activities have been outsourced in the Brussels regional administrations, its impact on workers and organisations involved, and the attitudes of stakeholders towards a possible re-internalisation of low-skilled jobs. Based on a multidisciplinary BSI project for Talent.Brussels, our findings show that decisions about outsourcing and insourcing are complex and multidimensional, and that they should not be based solely on monetary cost considerations.
À partir des années 1980, les entreprises et les administrations publiques ont eu tendance à externaliser des tâches, notamment les services informatiques, de sécurité, de restauration et de nettoyage, afin de se concentrer sur leurs activités principales. Cependant, ces dernières années, de nombreuses organisations ont inversé cette tendance en internalisant ou réinternalisant (« backsourcing ») certaines des tâches en question. Le présent article vise à examiner le degré d’externalisation des activités dans les administrations régionales bruxelloises, l’incidence du phénomène sur les travailleurs et les organismes concernés, ainsi que le regard porté par les parties prenantes sur l’éventualité d’une réinternalisation d’emplois peu qualifiés. Nos constatations, qui s’appuient sur un projet pluridisciplinaire mené par le BSI pour talent.brussels, font apparaître que les décisions en matière d’externalisation et d’internalisation sont complexes et multidimensionnelles, et ne devraient pas se fonder uniquement sur des considérations pécuniaires.
The fourth industrial revolution has turned into a reality during the past few years, and, as a result, the related literature has grown at an unprecedented rate, offering valuable insights into the ...possible impacts of Industry 4.0 at various analysis levels. Investigating the economic effects of Industry 4.0, especially at the corporate level, has been a cutting-edge research topic across various disciplines. Similarly, several studies have addressed the opportunities that Industry 4.0 might offer to environmental sustainability. On the contrary, the social sustainability implications of Industry 4.0 are less explored in the literature. Unlike the overoptimism around the economic benefits, academia remains quite inconsistent while interpreting the social aspects linked to Industry 4.0. Trying to shed some light on this issue, this research conducts a state-of-the-art systematic review of academic papers and a Machine Learning-based analysis of grey literature on the social implications of Industry 4.0. Contributing to this very relevant and fresh topic, the study summarizes the ongoing trends on social sustainability consequences of Industry 4.0, highlights the existing gaps, and proposes exciting avenues for future research.
•Identification of micro and macro-regional implications of Industry 4.0 for social sustainability.•Comparison of Academic versus Grey literature in reviewing Industry 4.0 social implications.•Explanation of how the labor market is the epicenter of social change in the time of Industry 4.0•Industry 4.0 is a double-edged sword in impacting society, depending on how it is governed.
The current Covid-19 pandemic has tremendous effects on labour markets worldwide. While we observe a rapid change to work from home, an increase in unemployment is expected, too. This research ...article reports on results of a research project on the effect of the pandemic on the public sector labour market. We systematically study public sector job openings in Germany with a focus on the development of certain job types. For this purpose, we used the central German provider for e-recruiting in the public sector as a unique database that documents the current personnel demand. We comparatively analyse snapshots of this database using quantitative text analysis and descriptive statistics. Our results show that public institutions, besides a significant increase in work from home jobs, have a substantial demand for IT jobs, but that these IT vacancies do not have a focus on work from home technology.
•We examine the gender discrimination in the initial stage of hiring for college graduates in china using the correspondence method.•We find a female applicant is 7.6% less likely to receive a ...callback than a male applicant, other things being equal.•The gender discrimination in the occupations of computer and mathematics, architecture and engineering, and sales appear to drive our results.•While this study offers some evidence to support a taste-based discrimination view, we do not have enough evidence to support a statistical discrimination view.
This paper examines employment-related gender discrimination during the initial stages of a hiring process. It specifically focuses on recent college graduates in China. By examining firms’ responses to fictitious resumes with randomly generated information on gender and other key attributes of applicants (e.g., school reputation, student's academic achievement, and leadership experiences), this study is able to separate the effect of gender on a student's potential for getting an on-site interview from the confounding effects of other factors. The findings reveal that, with all other factors remaining constant, female applicants, on average, are less likely to be invited by hiring firms to on-site interviews as compared with their male counterparts. Furthermore, gender discrimination in computer and mathematics, architecture and engineering, and sales occupations appears to be driving the results of this study. The qualitative evidence based on interviews with firm recruiters suggests that the findings of this study are generally consistent with the role congruity theory of prejudice in psychology literature. While the finding that the quality of a job candidate (academic achievement and leadership experience) does not reduce gender discrimination offers some evidence to support a taste-based discrimination view, we do not have enough evidence to support a statistical discrimination view.
One of the problems in Indonesia is the imbalance in development between cities and villages. The government makes efforts to increase village development by providing village fund assistance. One of ...the Village Fund Recipients is Dairi Regency. Village fund receipts in 2015 had a positive influence, where the number of poor people decreased by 1.6%, but in 2016 people experiencing poverty increased by 0.16%. From these problems, this research aims to analyze the influence of village funds on unemployment rate, labour force, poor population, and gross regional domestic product of Dairi Regency last year, (2) to analyze the influence of village funds on the Human Development Index of Dairi Regency, Total Employed, undergraduate education level, and last year's village funds. Economic Development is one of the goals of a country/region to increase the availability or expand the distribution of goods' basic needs for life, clothing, housing, education, and health. The method used was quantitative with a model of Two Stage Least Square (2SLS) using the SAS program version 9.2 in 2010-2022. The results show that village funds, labour force, and gross regional domestic product of Dairi Regency last year had a real and significant effect of 95%. Variables of village funds are very responsive (elastic), affecting the gross regional domestic product of Dairi Regency in the long term. Variables of village funds are influenced by village income, education level, Human Development Index, and last year's Village Funds. Last year's village income and village fund variables had a real and significant effect of 95%. Village income variables are very responsive to influencing village funds in Dairi Regency in the short term and the long term.
We provide an estimate of the environmental impact of the recruitment system in the economics profession, known as the “international job market for economists”. Each year, most graduating PhDs ...seeking jobs in academia, government, or companies participate in this job market. The market follows a standardized process, where candidates are pre-screened in a short interview which takes place at an annual meeting in Europe or in the United States. Most interviews are arranged via a non-profit online platform, econjobmarket.org, which kindly agreed to share its anonymized data with us. Using this dataset, we estimate the individual environmental impact of 1057 candidates and one hundred recruitment committees who attended the EEA and AEA meetings in December 2019 and January 2020. We calculate that this pre-screening system generated the equivalent of about 4800 tons of avoidable CO2-eq and a comprehensive economic cost over €4.4 million. We contrast this overall assessment against three counterfactual scenarios: an alternative in-person system, a hybrid system (where videoconference is used for some candidates) and a fully online system (as it happened in 2020–21 due to the COVID-19 pandemic). Overall, the study can offer useful information to shape future recruitment standards in a more sustainable way.
•We study the pre-screening phase of the international job market for economists.•In 2019–20, the estimated environmental cost was over €4.4 million.•The average individual emissions were 2.1 tons CO2-eq per participant.•In 2020–21, with an online system, the associated emissions were nearly eliminated.•With a more efficient system, the emissions would be nearly halved.
Purpose
Over the past decade, an increasing number of bariatric surgeons are trained in fellowships annually despite only a modest increase in nationwide bariatric surgery volume. The study surveys ...the bariatric surgery job market trend in order to inform better career-choice decisions for trainees interested in this field.
Materials and Methods
A national retrospective cohort survey over an 11-year period was conducted. Bariatric surgery fellowship graduates from 2008 to 2019 and program directors (PDs) were surveyed electronically. Univariate analysis was performed comparing responses between earlier (2008–2016) and recent graduates (2017–2019).
Results
We identified a total of 996 graduates and 143 PDs. Response rates were 9% and 20% respectively (
n
= 88, 29). Sixty-eight percent of graduates felt there are not enough bariatric jobs for new graduates. Seventy-nine percent of PDs felt that it is more difficult to find a bariatric job for their fellows now than 5–10 years ago. Forty-eight percent of PDs felt that we are training too many bariatric fellows. Seventy-seven percent of all graduates want the majority of their practice to be comprised bariatric cases; however, only 42% of them reported achieving this. In the univariate analysis, recent graduates were less likely to be currently employed as a bariatric surgeon (64% vs. 86%,
p
= 0.02) and were less satisfied with their current case volume (42% vs. 66%,
p
= 0.01).
Conclusions
The temporal increase in bariatric fellowship graduates over the past decade has resulted in a significant decline in the likelihood of employment in a full-time bariatric surgical practice and a decline in surgeons’ bariatric case volumes.
PhD planning graduates face an increasingly competitive academic job market. In this commentary, seven recent graduates provide qualitative descriptions of the complicated and ever-changing ...expectations graduates face. We situate this within a larger reflection on the neoliberal academy that promotes a culture of competitiveness over care and production over purpose. We emphasize how this system is seemingly antithetical to the transformative planning work needed to address the most pressing planning issues of our time and provide suggestions for meeting shifting expectations, evolving training and support needs, and opportunities for a more compassionate tenure-track market. Our commentary has implications for doctoral pedagogy, the tenure-track market, and the academy.
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