Formålet med lærerspesialistordningen og utdanningen var å gi lærere faglige utviklingsmuligheter og å styrke det kollektive profesjonsfellesskapet. I denne artikkelen løfter vi frem hvordan ti ...lærerspesialiststudenter i kroppsøving reflekterer over profesjonsutvikling og profesjonsfellesskap. Empirien er studentenes eksamenstekster. Vi analyserer tekstene med utgangspunkt i Hargreaves og Fullans forståelse av sosial kapital.Studien viser hvordan informantene vektlegger profesjonsfellesskapet ved sin egen skole og lærerspesialiststudiet som sentralt for profesjonsutviklingen, men at de opplever ulik grad av støtte fra ledelsen og fagkollegaene på skolen. Flere av informantene savner bedre strukturer for å sikre kroppsøvingslærerne et refleksjonsfellesskap som kan bidra til profesjonsutvikling.Et hovedfunn er at lærerspesialiststudiet har blitt opplevd som et faglig utviklende refleksjonsfellesskap der nye faglige perspektiver ble tatt i bruk for å reflektere over problemstillinger knyttet til studentenes profesjonsutøvelse. Det kan ha bidratt til å styrke den samlede sosiale kapital knyttet til kroppsøving på den enkelte skole.
This study uses the data from 157 countries from 1960 to 2014 to analyze the relationship between economic growth, electricity consumption, oil prices, capital, and labor. The economic growth of ...developing countries with industrial infrastructure has a more significant association with electricity consumption than oil prices. We use oil prices and electricity consumption jointly to study highly predictive observations for economic growth. The data are categorized by income, OECD and regional levels. The panel cointegration, long-run parameter estimation, and Pool Mean Group tests are used to analyze the cointegration and short-run and long-run relationships between the variables. The empirical results indicate the presence of cointegration between the variables. The presence of feedback effects between electricity consumption and economic growth, oil prices and economic growth is valid. These findings confirm that in spite of the oil prices, developing countries rely heavily on electricity consumption for economic growth. In the short run, growth and feedback effects suggest that more vigorous electricity policies should be implemented to attain sustainable economic growth for the long-term.
•The dynamic relationship between electricity consumption, oil price and GDP is analyzed.•Pedroni panel cointegration test are used over 157 countries and subsamples.•Full panel confirmed Bidirectional relationship found between electricity consumption, oil price and GDP.•Developing countries heavily reliance on electricity consumption despite of oil prices for economic growth.•The finding varies across income, OECD and regional level.
Surges Ghosh, Atish R.; Qureshi, Mahvash S.; Kim, Jun Il ...
Journal of international economics,
March 2014, 2014-03-00, 20140301, Letnik:
92, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
This paper examines when and why capital sometimes surges to emerging market economies (EMEs). Using data on net capital flows for 56 EMEs over 1980−2011, we find that global factors, including US ...interest rates and investor risk aversion act as “gatekeepers” that determine when surges of capital to EMEs will occur. Whether a particular EME receives a surge, and the magnitude of that surge, however, depends largely on domestic factors such as its external financing need, capital account openness, and exchange rate regime. Differentiating between surges driven by exceptional behavior of asset flows (repatriation of foreign assets by domestic residents) from those driven by exceptional behavior of liability flows (nonresident investments into the country), shows the latter to be relatively more sensitive to global factors and contagion.
•We identify surges in net capital flows to emerging markets over 1980–2011.•We examine why surges occur, and what factors determine their magnitude.•We differentiate between surges driven by asset flows and liability flows.•We find that global factors act as gatekeepers, determining when surges to EMs occur.•Which countries receive surges, and their magnitude, also depends on local factors.•Liability-flow surges are more sensitive to global factors and regional contagion.
Although entrepreneurship scholars highlight bootstrapping as a key resource acquisition approach to respond to the inherent resource constraints that nascent ventures face, little is known about ...what causes nascent ventures to engage in bootstrapping. Theory highlights the environment as an important determinant of bootstrapping activity. Analyzing bootstrapping behavior of 298 nascent ventures, we find that beyond perceived environmental factors, individual characteristics of the nascent entrepreneurs and factors relating to the embeddedness of the entrepreneurs in the environment determine their venture's bootstrapping behavior. In a more fine-grained analysis we gain insights into how these antecedents shape the use of particular bootstrapping strategies. Findings contribute to our understanding of factors driving resource management approaches in nascent ventures.
•First study evaluating the bootstrapping phenomenon in nascent ventures.•Bootstrapping approach is directed at avoiding market based resource transactions.•Bootstrapping is a choice of entrepreneurs beyond environmental scarcity.•Entrepreneurs with higher levels of social and human capital show more bootstrapping.•Weak ties are more relevant for bootstrapping activity than strong ties.
Ferdigheiter i samfunnskunnskapsemne skal setje elevar i stand til å delta i samfunnet på like vilkår, men vi veit lite om korleis dette skjer i praksis. For å skaffe meir inngåande kunnskap om ...ulikskap i ferdigheitstileigning har eg med inspirasjon frå Bourdieu (1985, 1977) sitt teoritilfang om sosial klasse og kulturell kapital og Barton (2015) intervjua elevar om fem undervisingssituasjonar eg har observert dei i. To oppgåvetypar viste seg særleg relevante for å få fram ferdigheiter: klasseromsdiskusjonar og drøftingsoppgåver. Problemstillinga er: Har elevar med ulik sosial klassebakgrunn ulik oppleving og verdsetjing av samfunnsfaglege ferdigheiter? Middelklasseelevar sine opplevingar av ferdigheiter til å skrive drøftingsoppgåver verka meir prosessorienterte ved at drøfting handla om å utforske ulike sider av ei sak. Samanlikna var arbeidarklasseelevane meir resultatorienterte og opptatte av å skrive korrekt faktainnhald. Når det kom til klasseromsdiskusjonar, opplevde middelklasseelevane desse som interessante der deltaking handla om å utforske og lære i samtale med andre. Samanlikna opplevde arbeidarklasseelevane oftare deltaking som stressande, og om å presentere rett svar. Desse skilja blir relaterte til kunnskapskulturelle forventingar om danning som i hovudsak middelklasseelevane oppfattar. I tillegg fortel middelklasseelevane at dei får betre karakterar enn arbeidarklasseelevane som fokuserer på fullføring av skulefaget. I tråd med Bourdieu og Passeron (1990) fortel middelklasseelevane om korleis dei lærer ferdigheiter heime, og verkar ha ein meir omfattande læringsprosess enn arbeidarklasseelevane. Vidare forsking bør tydeleggjere kva ferdigheiter er og utvikle undervisinga for studie-, yrkes- og samfunnsdeltaking.
Responses to Marx's Capital: From Rudolf Hilferding to Isaak Illich Rubin is a collection of primary sources, translated from German and Russian, dealing with the reception of the economic works of ...Karl Marx from the First to the Third International.
Are capital controls and macroprudential measures related to international exposures successful in achieving their objectives? Assessing their effectiveness is complicated by selection bias; ...countries which change their capital-flow management measures (CFMs) often share specific characteristics and are responding to changes in variables that the CFMs are intended to influence. This paper addresses these challenges by using a propensity-score matching methodology. We also create a new database with detailed information on weekly changes in controls on capital inflows, capital outflows, and macroprudential measures related to international transactions from 2009 to 2011 for 60 countries. Results show that these macroprudential measures can significantly reduce some measures of financial fragility. Most CFMs do not significantly affect other key targets, however, such as exchange rates, capital flows, interest-rate differentials, inflation, equity indices, and different volatilities. One exception is that removing controls on capital outflows may reduce real exchange rate appreciation. Therefore, certain CFMs can be effective in accomplishing specific goals—but most popular measures are not “good for” accomplishing their stated aims.
Die Ökonomisierung der Bildung ist ein aktuelles, weit verbreitetes, aber nicht immer einfach zu erkennendes Phänomen. Diese leicht verständliche Einführung bietet eine Klärung der Grundbegriffe ...sowie drei verschiedene Theorieperspektiven, mit denen Prozesse der Ökonomisierung fassbar gemacht werden können: von Uwe Schimank und Ute Volkmann, Pierre Bourdieu sowie von Michel Foucault und Ulrich Bröckling. Sie zeigt an verschiedenen pädagogischen Praxisfeldern anschaulich wie beispielhaft ihr Voranschreiten und dient mit Reflexionsfragen und Literaturempfehlungen als Fundament für eine weiterführende Beschäftigung mit dem Thema.
Like skydiving without a parachute Friedman, Sam; O'Brien, Dave; Laurison, Daniel
Sociology (Oxford),
10/2017, Letnik:
51, Številka:
5
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
There is currently widespread concern that access to, and success within, the British acting profession is increasingly dominated by those from privileged class origins. This article seeks to ...empirically interrogate this claim using data on actors from the Great British Class Survey (N = 404) and 47 qualitative interviews. First, survey data demonstrate that actors from working-class origins are significantly underrepresented within the profession. Second, they indicate that even when those from working-class origins do enter the profession they do not have access to the same economic, cultural and social capital as those from privileged backgrounds. Third, and most significantly, qualitative interviews reveal how these capitals shape the way actors can respond to shared occupational challenges. In particular we demonstrate the profound occupational advantages afforded to actors who can draw upon familial economic resources, legitimate embodied markers of class origin (such as Received Pronunciation) and a favourable typecasting.
Stocks with recent past high idiosyncratic volatility have low future average returns around the world. Across 23 developed markets, the difference in average returns between the extreme quintile ...portfolios sorted on idiosyncratic volatility is
-
1.31
%
per month, after controlling for world market, size, and value factors. The effect is individually significant in each G7 country. In the United States, we rule out explanations based on trading frictions, information dissemination, and higher moments. There is strong covariation in the low returns to high-idiosyncratic-volatility stocks across countries, suggesting that broad, not easily diversifiable factors lie behind this phenomenon.
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