Modifikacijom standardiziranih metoda ispitivanja netkanog tekstila koje nisu namijenjene za pelene, imajući istodobno na umu neke propise proizvođača pelena, osmišljena je i izarađena aparatura za ...ispitivanje učinkovitosti pelena. Optimirani su uvjeti ispitivanja kojima se u određenoj mjeri simuliraju uvjeti primjene pelena
The study aimed at examining morphometric differentiation in two Nigerian breeds of cattle using multifactorial discriminant analyses. Ten morphological traits (withers height, rump height, chest ...circumference, body length, face length, tail length, rump length, head width, rump width and shoulder width) of 224 Bunaji and 87 Sokoto Gudali cattle were measured. The animals, which were aged 2.5-3.6 years, were subjected to extensive management system. The linear type traits of Sokoto Gudali cattle were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than those of their Bunaji counterparts, with the exception of body length and face length respectively. The stepwise discriminant analysis gave a better resolution as only three variables, rump width, withers height and face length were more discriminating in separating the two cattle breeds. The Mahalanobis distance (7.19) between the two cattle populations was high and significant, which is an indication that they belong to genetically different groups. This was complemented by the result of the Nearest Neighbour Discriminant Analysis, where 85.48% of Bunaji cattle were classified into their source population while 96.55% of their Sokoto Gudali counterparts were correctly assigned into their source genetic group. The present phenotypic information will be the basis for the establishment of further characterization, conservation and selection strategies for the two Nigerian breeds of cattle.
V študiji smo z multivariatno diskriminantno analizo proučevali morfometrične razlike med dvema nigerijskima pasmama goveda. Merili smo deset morfoloških lastnosti (višina vihra, višina trupa, obseg prsi, dolžina telesa, dolžina glave, dolžina repa, dolžina trupa, širina glave, širina trupa in širina pleč) pri 224 živalih pasme "Bunaji" in 87 živalih pasme "Sokoto Gudali". Živali so bile v ekstenzivni reji, stare med 2,5 ter 3,6 leti. Izmerjene vrednosti za linearne lastnosti živali pasme "Sokoto Gudali" so bile statistično značilno večje (P < 0,05) kot pri živalih pasme "Bunaji", izjema sta bila le dolžina telesa in dolžina glave. Za doseganje boljše resolucije smo uporabili postopno diskriminantno analizo, ker so le tri spremenljivke, širina telesa, višina vihra in dolžina glave, omogočile zanesljivo ločevanje obeh pasem. Mahalanobijeva distanca (7,19) med obema pasmama je bila visoko statistično značilna, kar nakazuje, da populaciji pripadata različnim pasemskim skupinam. Te rezultate potrjuje tudi diskriminantna analiza najbližjih sosedov, kjer je bilo 85,48% "Bunaji" goveda razvrščenega v izvorno populacijo, medtem, ko je bil ta odstotek pri "Sokoto Gudali" pasmi še višji (96,55). Tako pridobljene fenotipske informacije bomo uporabili za še natančnejši opis, zaščito in oblikovanje rejske strategije obeh nigerijskih pasem goveda.
Autohtona populacija bakterija mliječne kiseline prisutna u tradicionalnim mliječnim proizvodima utječe na njihove specifične organoleptičke osobine. Zato tradicionalni mliječni proizvodi također ...predstavljaju značajan izvor za izolaciju sojeva laktokoka koji potencijalno mogu biti primijenjeni i kao mljekarska kultura. Razvoj molekularnih metoda otvara nove mogućnosti u karakterizaciji novih sojeva laktokoka. Međutim, ne postoji jedinstveni mikrobiološki i molekularni pristup za identifikaciju prirodne populacije laktokoka prisutne u tradicionalnim mliječnim proizvodima. Cilj ovog rada bio je prikazati mikrobiološke i molekularne eksperimentalne pristupe korištene za identifikaciju prirodne populacije laktokoka tradicionalnih mliječnih proizvoda.
Eighteen L. inconspicuous accessions collected from different countries were evaluated for variations of seed weight, seed protein content, and electrophoretic patterns of the total seed proteins ...analyzed under reducing conditions. They exhibited a reasonable genetic variability for the evaluated traits. This genetic variability revealed that improvement through simple selection for these traits is possible. The variation between the seed size of this accessions was attributed to the development process or the life cycle of the plant, and the environmental condition to which the mother plant is exposed. On the other hand, the variation in protein content among the different accessions may be due to genotype and/or seasonal influences. The relationship between protein content and 100 seeds weight in the evaluated accessions was reversible, the accession showed the lowest quantity of the total seed proteins was the accession that exhibited highest weight of 100 seeds and nearly vice versa. Each accession gave a different electrophoretic pattern except the two accessions collected from Iran, exhibited an identical one. The difference in 100 seed weight and total protein content of these accessions indicated that they are not genetically identical. The variation in the electrophoregram of the evaluated accessions located in the bands with molecular weight more than 98 kDa, the heavy subunits of alpha-lathyrin subunits and the region molecular weight around 70 kDa. The results of cluster analysis based of SDS/PAGE under reduction conditions indicated that genetic diversity between Turkish, Syrian, and Iranian and Australian accessions is pronounced, and Turkish accessions are closer to both Syrian and Iranian accessions than the relation between Syrian and Iranian. This suggested that crosses between the Iranian and Syrian accessions could create more genetic variability than crosses with Turkish accessions. The distribution of Turkish and Syrian accessions between more than one clusters revealed that genetic diversity and geographic distribution were independent of each other. PCA showed that all accessions were separated on the first principal component, indicating that the accessions showed a good association, due, probably, to parallel evolution.
Chemical and pharmacological characterisation of four taxa from genus Stachys L.: S. anisochila Vis. et Pancic, S. beckeana Dörfler & Hayek, S. plumosa Griseb. and S. alpina subsp. dinarica Murb., ...endemic for Balkan peninsula, was performed. Selected species of genus Stachys were just partly chemically and pharmacologically investigated so far, while subspecies S. alpina subsp. dinarica has never been subjected to any pharmacognostic investigation. Preliminary chemical analysis showed presence of tannins, flavonoids, anthocyanins, phenolic acids and alkaloids in aerial parts of investigated plants in full blossom. The content of these secondary metabolites was also determined. From dried aerial parts of S. plumosa and S. alpina subsp. dinarica, by means of hydrodistillation, essential oils were isolated. Yield of both essential oils was low: 0.15% (V/m) and 0.03% (m/m), respectively. In essential oil of S. plumosa main constituents were diterpens (74.3%), while monoterpens and sesquiterpens were present in much lower amount (8.7 and 3.2%, respectively). The main component of this oil was diterpen dehidroabietane (≡ar-abietatriene) (61.2%). In S. alpina subsp. dinarica essential oil sesquiterpens were the most abundanti (60.5%), mainly hydrocarbons (41.0%). Main components of this essential oil were (E)-caryophyllene and germacrene D (13.4 and 12.3%, respectively). This oil was also characterised by high amount of aliphatic compounds (19.4%). From methanol extract of S. alpina subsp. dinarica, by means of colon and thin layer chromatography on silica gel, three flavone glycosides were isolated: 4'-O-methylisoscutellarein-7-0-6′"-acetyl-β-D-allopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranoside (compound 1), 3'-hydroxy-4'-0-methylisoscutellareine-7-0-6′"-acetyl-β-D-allopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranoside (compound 2) and isoscutellareine-7-O-6′"-acetyl-β-D-allopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranoside (compound 3). Structure of these compounds was determined according analysis of their UV, MS, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectral data. Presence of these compounds was previously determined in some other Stachys species, but in this doctoral dissertation they were identified for the first time in S. alpina subsp. dinarica HPLC-UV and HPLC-MS analysis of methanol herb extracts of selected Stachys taxa provided further information on qualitative composition of S. anisochila, S. beckeana and S. plumosa. For S. alpina subsp. dinarica this analysis was performed for the first time. Also, for the first time all four selected taxa were subjected to quantitative analysis. In all investigated extracts flavonoids, phenolic acids and phenylethanoid glycosides were detected, with flavonoids being predominant. Flavonoid composition of S. anisochila, S. beckeana and S. alpina subsp. dinarica herb extracts qualitatively was very similar: the most abundant were 8-hydroxyflavone glycosides, namely 7-O-biosides of isoscutellareine and hypolaetine and their 4'-methyl derivatives. Further, in herb extract of S. alpina subsp. dinarica were also present two luteolin-7-O-dihexosides. In S. plumosa herb extract were present only 7-O-biosides of chrysoeriol and apigenin monosides, while 8-hydroxyflavone glycosides were absent. Distribution of flavonoid glycosides in selected taxa was in accordance with their taxonomy. According to flavonoid composition, the most similar were S. anisochila and S. beckeana, which belong to the same section (S. sect. Olisia) and the same group S. recta. These two species are more similar with S. alpina (S. sect. Eriostomum) than with S. plumosa (S. sect. Swainsoniana). Presence of chlorogenic acid was characteristic for all investigated extracts (from 3.17% in S. alpina subsp. dinarica herb extract up to 12.57% in S. anisochila herb extract). Dicaffeoylchinic acid was detected in S. anisochila herb extract only. In S. alpina subsp. dinarica herb extract, except chlorogenic acid, one ferulic acid derivative was detected. Among phenylethanoid glycosides in all investigated extracts acteoside and lavandulifolioside were present. In S. beckeana, S. alpina subsp. dinarica and S. plumosa herb extracts, beside these two, further four compounds were identified: martinoside in all three extracts; isoacteoside in S. beckeana and S. plumosa herb extracts, and betonioside E and leucosceptoside A in S. alpina subsp. dinarica herb extract. Acteoside was main phenylethanoid glycoside in all investigated extracts (from 1.09% in S. anisochila herb extract up to 9.07% in S. beckeana herb extract). In dry methanol herb extracts of all selected Stachys taxa spectrophotometrically with Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, was determined total phenolics content (from 65.63 μg catechin/mg dry extract in S. plumosa herb extract up to 192.16 μg catechin/mg dry extract in S. anisochila herb extract). Antioxidant potential of dry herb methanol extracts of selected Stachys taxa was estimated using several different in vitro tests: FRAP test (total antioxidant activity), DPPH and TLC-DPPH test (neutralisation of DPPH radical), 2-deoxyribose test (neutralisation of OH radical) and TBA test (inhibition of induced lipid peroxidation). Results of these antioxidant tests were in significant correlation with total phenolics content, flavonoids and phenylethanoid glycosides. Total antioxidant activity of methanol extracts was ca. five times lower compared to L-ascorbic acid. All extracts neutralised DPPH radical in concentration dependent manner, with S. anisochila, S. beckeana and S. alpina subsp. dinarica herb extracts expressing very high activity (SC50<5O μg/ml). TLC-DPPH test showed that main compounds responsible for expressed activity were flavonoid glycosides and phenolic acids. In 2-deoxiribose test neutralisation of OH radical was concentration dependent, with inhibition over 40% in concentrations 6.25-50 μg/ml. Inhibition of lipid peroxidation was in correlation with applied extract concentrations, with S. beckeana and S. alpina subsp. dinarica herb extracts being the most active ones (IC50=25.O7 and 49.00 μg/ml, respectively). Anti-inflammatory activity of dry methanol herb extracts of selected Stachys taxa was investigated in carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats, an experimental model of acute inflammation. All extracts exhibited dose-dependent activity, with maximal effect achieved with the highest dose applied (200 mg/kg). The best effect, comparable with the effect of reference drug indomethacin at dose of 2 mg/kg, showed S. beckeana and S. anisochila herb extracts: edema was decreased for 54.04 and 53.30%, respectively. S. plumosa herb extract has shown less-pronounced anti-inflammatory activity (46.52%), while S. alpina subsp. dinarica herb extract had the lowest efficiency (37.17%). The influence of methanol extracts of selected four Stachys taxa on carbon tetrachloride induced hepatotoxicity in rats was investigated. Extract were applied after the carbon tetrachloride, thus their reparative (therapeutic) effect was estimated. Based on alteration of biochemical parameters (liver enzymes AST, ALT and AP in the serum), as well as through histopathological changes in the liver (liver damage score, LDS), it was concluded that the best dose-dependant effect achieved by S. alpina subsp. dinarica herb extract: at 200 mg/kg liver damage was suppressed by 50%. Hepatoprotective effect of other investigated Stachys extracts was also evident, though differences between applied doses (200 and 100 mg/kg) were not statistically significant. Effects of S. anisochila and S. beckeana herb extracts were similar with each other, and better than that of S. plumosa herb extract. It could be concluded that showed anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective activity of investigated extracts is partly due to their antioxidant and antiradical activity. Effects of dry herb extracts of selected Stachys taxa on activity of microsomal MAO was investigated in vitro trough degradation of 14C-serotonine (MAO-A substrate) i 14C-phenyl-ethyl-amine (MAO-B substrate). Results showed no MAO-inhibitory activity of investigated extracts. Behavioural characterisation of herb extracts was conducted in the elevated plus maze (EPM), spontaneous locomotor activity (SLA), and grip strength tests, mainly predictive of anxiolytic, sedative and myorelaxant actions, respectively. Results showed that all investigated Stachys extracts lacked clear anxiolytic or myorelaxant activities. However, these extracts were not devoid of behavioral activity: S. beckeana at 400 mg/kg exerted an anxiogenic-like effect in the EPM, while the activity-related parameters from the same test suggested a sedative activity of S. alpina subsp. dinarica and S. plumosa herb extracts. The locomotor activity test confirmed the sedative potential of S. alpina subsp. dinarica. Obtained results suggest that the observed behavioral activity of S. alpina subsp. dinarica and S. plumosa herb extracts does not predominantly involve the α1-containing population of GABAa receptors responsible for sedation induced by benzodiazepine-like agents, but indirectly suggest the involvement of some other, non-GABA mechanisms in mediating the behavioral effects of the examined extracts. Antimicrobial activity of S. plumosa and S. alpina subsp. dinarica herb essential oils, as well as of dry methanol herb extracts of all four selected Stachys taxa, was investigated using agar diffusion test, against standard ATCC strains of four Gram-positive and three Gram-negative bacteria and one strain of Candida albicans. S. plumosa herb essential oil expressed activity against all tested microorganisms, showing the best growth inhibitory activity against Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, reaching activity better than reference antibiotics (ampicillin and amikacin, respectively). On contrary, S. alpina subsp. dinarica herb essential oil did not inhibit growth of any tested microorganism. Investigated extracts inhibited growth of most tested strains, except S.
Tehnika fotografiranja ukriženom polarizacijom uobičajeno se koristi u digitalizaciji dvodimenzionalnih umjetničkih djela radi uklanjanja neželjene refleksije svjetlosti prisutne na slikama ...zaštićenima sjajnim površinskim lakom ili onih rađenih pastoznom tehnikom. Radi što manjeg odstupanja boja izvornika od dobivene master datoteke, uobičajeno prisutnog pri korištenju ukrižene polarizacije svjetlosti, predlaže se korištenje tehnika karakterizacije DSC fotoaparata metodom snimanja testne karte boja u skladu s normom ISO 17321-1:2012. Pokusna fotografiranja provedena su u kontroliranim uvjetima fotografskog studija. Ista umjetnina fotografirana je na tri načina: bez upotrebe polarizatora i s tvorničkom karakterizacijom, s ukriženom polarizacijom i tvorničkom karakterizacijom te s ukriženom polarizacijom i novom karakterizacijom. Osim vizualne usporedbe originala i master datoteka, uspoređene su kolorimetrijske razlike referentnih vrijednosti testne karte CCPP fotografirane uz umjetninu. Predložena metoda dala je najmanje pogreške kolorimetrijskih vrijednosti i zadovoljila kriterije normi ISO/TR 19263-1:2017 i ISO/TS 19264-1:2017 te fotografskih smjernica digitalizacije kulturne baštine.
In Vitro Genotoxicity of Wastewaters from the Town of Settat, Morocco El Asslouj, Jaouad (Laboratory of Environmental Metrology, University Hassan I, FST Settat, Morocco); Amahdar, Loubna (Research Group on Toxicogenetics and Mutagenesis, Laboratory of Agrofood and Health, University Hassan I, FST Settat, Morocco); Glouib, Kamal (Research Group on Toxicogenetics and Mutagenesis, Laboratory of Agrofood and Health, University Hassan I, FST Settat, Morocco) ...
Arhiv za higijenu rada i toksikologiju,
09/2009, Letnik:
60, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
In recent years, the town of Settat has seen a considerable industrial growth, which has resulted in increased environmental pollution. This includes pollution by household and industrial ...wastewaters, which are released into the Boumoussa River without any preliminary treatment. The river valley crosses the community of Mzamza 8 km to the north of the town. Years of drought forced members of the community to use this polluted ground water for irrigation and put themselves and the environment at risk.The aim of this study was to determine the physicochemical and metal profile of Settat wastewaters and to assess their impact on the water table. The second objective was to investigate the genotoxic potential of wastewater on human peripheral blood lymphocytes in vitro, using the micronucleus test and cellular proliferation index.This study demonstrated significant pollution of Boumoussa valley groundwater and of the local wells. Sampled water induced a clear increase in the frequency of micronucleated cells and a lower cell proliferation in human peripheral blood lymphocytes in vitro.
Nagli industrijski razvoj u gradu Settatu posljednjih je godina rezultirao povećanim one _išćenjem okoliša, osobito putem otpadnih voda iz kućanstava i industrije. Te se otpadne vode bez ikakve prethodne obrade odlažu u dolinu rijeke Boumoussa na podru _ju zajednice Mzamza, 8 km sjeverno od grada. Uzastopne sušne sezone lokalnoj su zajednici nametnule potrebu za uporabom tih voda za navodnjavanje, _ime su i zajednica i okoliš postali izloženi povećanim rizicima od one _išćenja tla i izvora podzemnih voda. Svrha ovog istraživanja bila je provesti fizikalno-kemijsku karakterizaciju i utvrđivanje sadržaja metala u otpadnim vodama grada Settata te procijeniti njihove u _inke na gornji sloj podzemnih voda. Ujedno je istraživan genotoksi _ni potencijal otpadnih voda u uvjetima in vitro na limfocitima periferne krvi _ovjeka primjenom mikronukleusnog testa i proliferacijskog indeksa. Istraživanje je potvrdilo visok stupanj one _išćenja vodâ u dolini Boumoussa, kao i vodâ iz bunara smještenih u neposrednoj blizini. Štetni su u _inci one _išćenja potvrđeni i na osnovi povišene u _estalosti stanica s mikronukleusima te snižene vrijednosti proliferacijskog indeksa u limfocitima periferne krvi u uvjetima in vitro.
Ovo istraživanje usmjereno je na upotrebu recikliranog PET-a u modifikaciji bitumena primjenom različitih procesa kako bi se uklonio problem faznog razdvajanja. U tu svrhu, modificirani bitumeni ...dobili su se dodavanjem kemijskog trietanolamina - TEOA (2,5 % mase) i polietilen tereftalata - PET (2, 4, 6, 8, 10 % mase) čistom bitumenu. Svojstva modificiranih bitumena odredila su se na temelju kemijskih, fizikalnih i reoloških ispitivanja. Rezultati istraživanja pokazali su da bitumen reagira s PET-om i da je 6 % udjela PET-a kritična vrijednost, te da se pri tom udjelu značajno povećava otpornost bitumena na deformacije pri visokim i niskim temperaturama.
Ovaj rad prikazuje pregled mogućnosti karakterizacije željeznih lijevova ultrazvučnim ispitivanjem koje bi moglo otkloniti većinu nedostataka metalografske metode, no njegovo korištenje ograničava ...činjenica da brzina i prigušenje ultrazvučnih valova ovise o tehnološkim posebnostima proizvodnje željeznih lijevova. Karakterizacija mikrostrukture i mehaničkih svojstava željeznih lijevova temelji se na parametrima ultrazvučnog ispitivanja, prije svega na brzini ultrazvučnih valova, koja ovisi o modulu elastičnosti te o gustoći željeznog lijeva.
U radu su opisani tradicijski hrvatski sirevi, a prikazan je i njihov značaj s obzirom na globalizaciju i industrijalizaciju u proizvodnji hrane. Najvažnija odlika tradicijskih sireva je njihova ...originalnost tehnologije i izvornost sirovine ugrađene u te proizvode. Kako se radi o proizvodima potencijalno vrlo velike profitabilnosti (visoke cijene), važno je na tim proizvodima provesti jednu od mogućih zaštita na europskoj razini. U tom smislu, upravo tvrdi sirevi jadranskog i dinarskog područja čine značajan potencijal s obzirom da se za njihovu proizvodnju koristi visokovrijedna sirovina - ovčje mlijeko proizvedeno od ekstenzivno uzgajanih ovaca na prirodnim pašnjacima karakterističnog botaničkog sastava u kojem dominira aromatsko mediteransko bilje. Ovo mlijeko karakterizira vrlo visok udio pojedinih kemijskih sastojaka, osobito masti i proteina, zbog čega predstavlja najbolju sirovinu upravo u proizvodnji tvrdih sireva. U radu je načinjen pregled kemijskog sastava ovčjeg mlijeka najvažnijih hrvatskih pasmina ovaca čije se mlijeko koristi u proizvodnji tvrdih sireva. U radu je dan pregled osnovnih tehnoloških parametara u proizvodnji tvrdih tradicijskih sireva s obzirom na vrstu, tipizaciju i toplinsku obradu mlijeka, sirenje, rezanje i obradu sirnog zrna, izgled, soljenje i zrenje sira. Prikazani su parametri karakterizacije sireva s obzirom na kemijsko-fizikalni sastav, biokemijske promjene i populaciju mikroorganizama koja dominira u tehnološkom postupku proizvodnje i zrenja sira, a koja određuje okus i miris zrelog sira. Također su opisane glavne značajke i tehnologija proizvodnje Lećevačkog sira, kao najvažnijeg tradicijskog sira sa šireg područja Splita, koji se oduvijek proizvodio na obiteljskim gospodarstvima i u industrijskim uvjetima, a opisane su i njegove senzorske značajke.
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