When using and comparing land cadastral data in the framework of different land administration systems at the international level, it must be acknowledged that there are common known facts and ...definitions relating to the registration of land or real property. With deeper study, it is soon evident that the historic development of the country or even region, together with the legal framework in the field of real property registration and management strongly influence the basic functions of land cadastre, and for this reason there is often missing knowledge on the unique features of land cadastres in the particular country or region. The purpose of this article is neither the comparison of land cadastral systems regarding the level of adoption of information technology, nor a demonstration of approaches for maintenance of land cadastre. The main focus is on the influence of information technology on the development of graphical subsystems of land cadastres in Austria, Denmark, Sweden and Slovenia. The establishment and improvement of digital cadastral maps are emphasized. The final remarks are meant as the comparison of Slovenian system of land cadastre layer with the experiences in the selected countries ; Pri uporabi in primerjavi podatkov zemljiškega katastra v okviru sistema zemljiške administracije na mednarodni ravni se pogosto meni, da obravnavamo splošno znana dejstva in definicije, povezane z registracijo zemljišč oziroma nepremičnin. Toda pri podrobnejši obravnavi hitro spoznamo, da so zgodovina, razvitost države ali celo regije ter zakonodaja na področju evidentiranja in upravljanja nepremičnin zelo vplivali na osnovne funkcije v sistemu zemljiškega katastra. Tako se pogosto srečujemo s pomanjkljivim znanjem o posebnostih zemljiškega katastra v posamezni državi ali regiji. Namen članka ni primerjati posameznih katastrskih sistemov glede stopnje informatizacije ali prikazati načine vzdrževanja zemljiškega katastra. V prispevku je obravnavan vpliv informacijske tehnologije na razvoj grafičnih podsistemov zemljiškega katastra, s poudarkom na vzpostavitvi in izboljšavi digitalnih katastrskih načrtov v primerljivih državah: v Avstriji, na Danskem, Švedskem in v Sloveniji. Primerjava zakonodaje ter upravljanja digitalnih katastrskih načrtov v izbranih državah z zemljiškokatastrskim prikazom v Sloveniji je podana v zadnjem delu članka
Definitions of recording methods based on various legal grounds are defined in this article. The terms of the legislation on water, recording water areas into public real-estate records and the rules ...of recording that these public records use, are also stated. Furthermore, a way of keeping records of water in current agriculture and forest land usage is presented. Based on these facts, a comparison between individual demands is made, and certain cases of deviation are presented. The need to establish current land usage as an indicator for the state of space is defined, which must not be equated with the requirements of legal regimes. The issue of "molding" waters into inflexible rules of real-estate legislation is presented in the article's conclusion.
Zemljiškokatastrski prikaz (ZKP) je grafični prikaz vseh parcel in parcelnih številk v Sloveniji. Po opredelitvi je to slika oblike in medsebojne lege parcel. Položajna natančnost ZKP je zelo ...različna in je na nekaterih območjih celo zelo slaba. Težave s položajno natančnostjo odpravlja zemljiškokatastrski načrt (ZKN), ki je izdelan na podlagi kakovostnih podatkov, pridobljenih v postopkih vzdrževanja zemljiškega katastra. V prispevku so predstavljeni viri podatkov za izdelavo ZKN, metoda izdelave ZKN za posamezne tipe podatkovnih virov, kakovost izdelka, zagotovljen način vzdrževanja ZKN, praktična dostopnost in možnost širše uporabe ZKN ; The Land Cadastre Representation (ZKP) is a graphic representation of all parcels and parcel numbers in Slovenia. By definition, this is the image of the shape and position of the parcels. The positional precision of the ZKP is highly variable, in some areas even very poor. The Land Cadastre Plan (ZKN) is made on the basis of high quality data obtained in the processes of maintaining the land cadastre and solves the problems with positional precision. This paper presents the data sources that produce the ZKN, the ZKN's method for producing various types of data sources, the quality of the product, the way of maintaining the ZKN, as well as the practical accessibility and possibility of wider use of the ZKN.
This paper discusses the development of mortgage bans market in the Republic of Serbia through development of the instruments for provision of legal security of investments - both to creditors and to ...debtors. It explains the process of establishment of Real Estate Cadastre as a prerequisite for registration of real estate mortgages. Creation of the Central Mortgage Register is an additional service that provides transparency of the procedures and mortgage market development. The entire procedure has been illustrated by the statistical data on the increase of the number of registered mortgages, starting from 1998 through the end of 2011. The impact of the global economic crisis on the moderate decrease of the number of new mortgages in the Republic of Serbia is quite evident.
In the paper we present some illustrative examplesfrom the Prekmurje region that are related to the issue of registration of water infrastructure in the land cadastre. The Prekmurje region is known ...among surveyors for the fact that it has a much higher geolocation quality of land cadastre in comparison with the rest of Slovenia. Surveyors are usually able to take this fact into account correctly in their work, but unfortunately this does not apply to other public services, which are responsible for specific areas of environmental management, such as water management and transport infrastructure management, records of agricultural actual use, etc. With the presented examples, we first show the damaging consequences of breaching the rules and facts of land cadastre in the management of water infrastructure facilities. Next, we present the beneficial consequences of compliance with land cadastre rules and facts in the case of extensive flow reconstruction of Kucnica stream on the state border with Austria and its recording in land cadastre. The main purpose of the presented cases is to help the competent managers of water infrastructure in Slovenia to understand better and adhere strictly to the fundamental role of land cadastre in the spatial management.
Položajna natančnost zemljiškokatastrskega prikaza (ZKP) kot enega od temeljnih elementov kakovosti zbirk prostorskih podatkov je v Republiki Sloveniji pereča tema. Ob pritisku institucionalnih in ...drugih uporabnikov se je Geodetska uprava Republike Slovenije odločila za uvajanje izboljšav. Na Oddelku za geodezijo Fakultete za gradbeništvo in geodezijo Univerze v Ljubljani smo ob tej pobudi ustanovili skupino, ki je začela natančneje preskušati tako imenovano membransko metodo. Najprej smo začeli razvijati programski modul za metodo končnih elementov in geodetske izravnave, zatem pa smo za namen testiranja uporabili tržno različico nemškega proizvajalca. Z uporabo membranske metode in vključitvijo domeritev je mogoče učinkovito izboljšati homogenost položajne natančnosti ZKP, če se pri tem nedvoumno uporabljajo osnovna načela geodetske stroke (metode koordinatne geometrije, topologija, izravnava, zakon o prenosu pogreškov itd.). Prispevek je namenjen bolj prikazu obstoječih in mogočih metod izboljšave položajne natančnosti ZKP kot pa predstavitvi rezultatov naših prvih raziskav ; The positional accuracy of the land cadastral index map (a graphical presentation termed ‘ZKP’), as one of the basic elements of spatial database quality, is a topic of on-going interest in the Republic of Slovenia. Mainly due to the pressures of institutional and other users of these data, the Surveying and Mapping Authority of the Republic of Slovenia has decided to implement improvements. At the Department of Geodesy, Faculty of Civil and Geodetic Engineering, University of Ljubljana, a working group was established in order to analyse and test in particular the so-called membrane method for this purpose. At the beginning, we started to develop our own program for the finite element method of geodetic adjustments, and then we continued to test the commercial solution of German provider. The membrane method, together with additional measurements, provides the possibility for an effective improvement of the heterogeneity of land cadastral graphical presentation (ZKP), where the basic principles of geodesy must be strongly respected (methods of the coordinate geometry, topology, adjustments, error propagation law, etc.). This article is meant to introduce existing and possible solutions for the improvements of the positional accuracy of the ZKP and not to present the results of our first research.
This article covers all the most relevant aspects of judicial expertise in the field of land surveying. It is focused on non-contentious civil procedures for the regulation of boundaries, for the ...division of common property, enforcement procedure for the division of property. Among them, the problems of division into divided co-ownership (condominium) were also taken into consideration. The author explains how the judge and the expert co-operate in the public hearing or outside of it to issue a court decision that is (together with expert's specific input) appropriate for inscription into the cadastre. In case of division of land with parcelling or in the case of division into a condominium, a further inscription into the land register is necessary. The advantage of this contribution is in author's taking a position on disputed questions in relationship between the legal and land surveying professions, by taking into consideration the legal sources from both sides.
