Raziskovalno vprašanje (RV): Kako naj organizacije, ki uresničujejo družbeno odgovornost, to izmerijo? Namen: Ugotoviti, kaj je družbena odgovornost organizacij. Določiti kazalnike družbene ...odgovornosti ter ugotoviti, kako se meri družbena odgovornost organizacij. Metoda: Tematska analiza pregleda znanstvene literature z metodo integrativne tematske analize kvalitativnih podatkov. Rezultati: Merjenje družbene odgovornosti organizacij pomeni nabor različnih kazalnikov z različnih področij delovanja organizacije. Enotni kazalnik za merjenje družbene odgovornosti ne obstaja. Obstaja mnogo kazalnikov, ki so lahko med seboj celo neskladni in neprimerljivi. Od deležnikov je odvisno, katerim metodam merjenja in kazalnikom bodo zaupali. Organizacija: V članku predstavljene metode merjenja družbene odgovornosti organizacij omogočajo vodstvu organizacije ustrezno komuniciranje njihove družbene odgovornosti in zadovoljevanje zahtev, potreb in želja različnih deležnikov, kar posledično vodi v finančno uspešnost organizacije. Družba: Kazalniki, ki merijo družbeno odgovornost, kažejo na vplive te organizacije na okolje, družbo in gospodarstvo. Originalnost: Predstavitev pregleda načinov merjenja družbene odgovornosti organizacij. Omejitve/nadaljnje raziskovanje: Omejitveni kriteriji iskanja izvirnih in preglednih znanstvenih člankov so bili: obdobje 2005 do 2018, dostopnost celotnega besedila člankov in jezik besedila slovenščina ali angleščina. Raziskava ni bila narejena. V nadaljevanju raziskovanja bi bilo smiselno raziskati dejansko uporabo in razširjenost različnih metod merjenja družbene odgovornosti organizacij v različnih državah ali tržnih gospodarstvih.
Zmanjševanje regionalnih razvojnih razlik in uravnotežen razvoj, temelječ na načelih trajnostnega razvoja, sta osrednja cilja regionalne politike v Sloveniji, zato v članku preučujemo uspešnost ...slovenskih regij pri doseganju teh ciljev na socialno-ekonomskem in okoljskem področju po letu 2010. V ta namen so bili preučeni štirje sintezni kazalniki (bruto domači proizvod na prebivalca, ekološki odtis na prebivalca, indeks razvojne ogroženosti in kazalnik trajnostnega regionalnega razvoja) in 32 posameznih ekonomskih, socialnih in okoljskih kazalnikov, ki so vključeni tudi v izračun kazalnika trajnostnega regionalnega razvoja. Večina ekonomskih in socialnih kazalnikov kaže približevanje strateškim razvojnim ciljem, večina okoljskih pa oddaljevanje od njih.
Ugotavljanje primerjalne ravni trajnostnega razvoja mest ima pomembno vlogo pri oblikovanju njihove trajnostne prihodnosti. V članku avtorji na podlagi geografske podatkovne baze, izdelane ob podpori ...geografskega informacijskega sistema, proučujejo trajnostni razvoj 17 največjih mest v Kazahstanu med letoma 2007 in 2019. Izsledki njihove raziskave kažejo, da nobeno od proučevanih mest ni doseglo stopnje trajnostnega razvoja, ki bi bila po indeksu trajnostnega razvoja mest enaka ali višja od 0,750, hkrati pa nobeno ni doseglo stopnje razvoja, nižje od 0,300. Vseh 17 mest so zato avtorji ocenili kot zmerno trajnostne. V prihodnjih raziskavah bodo proučevali, kako lahko še izboljšajo sistem proučevanja trajnostnosti mest v Kazahstanu.
Trajnostnost kulturne dediščine je kompleksno vprašanje, ki se zlasti na projektni ravni redko meri. Razlog za to je predvsem pomanjkanje splošnih kazalnikov, zaradi česar so številni projekti s ...področja dediščine samo delno trajnostni. V članku avtorici opredelita pojem trajnostne dediščine ter predstavita metode za njegovo ugotavljanje in presojo. Raziskava, ki sta jo opravili, se je osredotočala na analizo izbranih primerov dobre prakse v Grčiji, Italiji in Španiji ter na Poljskem, Portugalskem in Nizozemskem, ti so bili kot strateški projekti vključeni v posamezne instrumente regionalne ali lokalne politike Evropske unije. Metode, s katerimi sta proučevali kazalnike, ki bi se lahko uporabili za vrednotenje trajnostnih naložb v kulturno dediščino, so vključevale kabinetno raziskavo in naknadno analizo izbranih projektov s področja dediščine, financiranih v okviru posameznih instrumentov politike EU, intervjuje z upravitelji kulturne dediščine, fokusne skupine in primerjalno analizo proučevanih primerov dobre prakse. Iz izsledkov je razviden ključen pomen naslednjih dejavnikov: sodelovanje in široka vključenost raznih deležnikov, dobro kulturno upravljanje, razvejani viri financiranja, vključenost lokalne skupnosti, ki kulturno dediščino vzame za svojo, upoštevanje strokovnih standardov, inovativne rešitve in skrbno prostorsko načrtovanje pri zagotavljanju trajnostne dediščine. Primeri dobre prakse so težko prenosljivi, saj je uspeh prenosa odvisen od značilnosti lokalnega okolja. Za opredelitev trajnostne dediščine na projektni ravni je predlagan splošen nabor kazalnikov trajnostnosti, na podlagi katerih bi bile lahko v okviru instrumentov politike opredeljene prihodnje prednostne naloge in upravičene naložbe.
The easy access to data from electronic patient records has made using this type of data in pay-for-performance systems increasingly common. General practitioners (GPs) throughout Europe oppose this ...for several reasons. Not all data can be used to derive good quality indicators and quality indicators can’t reflect the broad scope of primary care. Qualities like person-centred care and continuity are particularly difficult to measure. The indicators urge doctors and nurses to spend too much time on the registration and administration of required data. However, quality indicators can be very useful as starting points for discussions about quality in primary care, with the purpose being to initiate, stimulate and support local improvement work. This led to The European Society for Quality and Patient Safety in General Practice (EQuiP) feeling the urge to clarify the different aspects of quality indicators by updating their statement on measuring quality in Primary Care. The statement has been endorsed by the Wonca Europe Council in 2018.
A new organisation at the primary level, called model practices, introduces a 0.5 full-time equivalent nurse practitioner as a regular member of the team. Nurse practitioners are in charge of ...registers of chronic patients, and implement an active approach into medical care. Selected quality indicators define the quality of management. The majority of studies confirm the effectiveness of the extended team in the quality of care, which is similar or improved when compared to care performed by the physician alone. The aim of the study is to compare the quality of management of patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 before and after the introduction of model practices.
A cohort retrospective study was based on medical records from three practices. Process quality indicators, such as regularity of HbA1c measurement, blood pressure measurement, foot exam, referral to eye exam, performance of yearly laboratory tests and HbA1c level before and after the introduction of model practices were compared.
The final sample consisted of 132 patients, whose diabetes care was exclusively performed at the primary care level. The process of care has significantly improved after the delivery of model practices. The most outstanding is the increase of foot exam and HbA1c testing. We could not prove better glycaemic control (p>0.1). Nevertheless, the proposed benchmark for the suggested quality process and outcome indicators were mostly exceeded in this cohort.
The introduction of a nurse into the team improves the process quality of care. Benchmarks for quality indicators are obtainable. Better outcomes of care need further confirmation.
A new form of family practices was introduced in 2011 through a pilot project introducing nurse practitioners as members of team and determining a set of quality indicators. The aim of this article ...was to assess the quality of diabetes and hypertension management.
We included all family medicine practices that were participating in the project in December 2015 (N=584). The following data were extracted from automatic electronic reports on quality indicators: gender and specialisation of the family physician, status (public servant/self-contracted), duration of participation in the project, region of Slovenia, the number of inhabitants covered by a family medicine practice, the name of IT provider, and levels of selected quality indicators.
Out of 584 family medicine practices that were included in this project at the end of 2015, 568 (97.3%) had complete data and could be included in this analysis. The highest values were observed for structure quality indicator (list of diabetics) and the lowest for process and outcome quality indicators. The values of the selected quality indicators were independently associated with the duration of participation in the project, some regions of Slovenia where practices were located, and some IT providers of the practices.
First, the analysis of data on quality indicators for diabetes and hypertension in this primary care project pointed out the problems which are currently preventing higher quality of chronic patient management at the primary health care level.
Abstract Introduction Using the modified Theory of Planned Behaviour (mTPB), different indicators of therapeutic success were studied to understand pro-abstinence behavioural orientation during an ...18-year after-care period following a 3-month intensive alcoholism treatment. The indicators were: perceived needs satisfaction (NS), normative differential (ND), perceived alcohol utility (UT), beliefs about treatment programme benefits (BE) and behavioural intentions (BI). Methods The sample of 167 patients who consecutively started an intensive alcoholism treatment programme has been followed-up for 18 years, using standardised ailed instruments at the end of the treatment, and in the years 4-5, 9 and 18 of follow-up. The last data collection was completed by 32 subjects in 2010. The analysis followed the standard explore-analyse-explore approach. After the initial descriptive exploration of data, multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) in SPSS statistical package was set to explore between-groups and within-groups differences over time. Results At the between-group level, BI remained stable at the same level as at the end of the treatment programme, whereas BE and UT robustly changed over time and levelled off after 10 years of follow-up. NS and ND show a trend of pro-abstinent orientation and level off after 10 years of follow-up, although the trend is not significant. The same results were confirmed by the within-subject level. Conclusions Studied constructs stabilised after ten years of follow-up, apart from BI. The latter suggests that BI level needed for completion of an intensive treatment programme suffices for the maintenance of abstinence when accompanied by the change in perception of alcohol usefulness.
PDF
