Gezielte Eingriffe in Wetter und Klima sind heute sehr umstritten. Manuel Kaiser zeigt in diesem Buch, welche Wissensbestände, Technologien und gesellschaftlichen Kontexte das Sprechen über die ...Kontrolle atmosphärischer Phänomene im Verlauf des 20. Jahrhunderts ermöglichten. Im Kalten Krieg war der Aufstieg der Atmosphärenwissenschaften untrennbar mit der Entwicklung der Radar-, Raketen-, Satelliten- und Computertechnik verbunden. Ab 1960 gingen Meteorologen, Politiker und Militärs davon aus, in Zukunft nicht nur präzise Wetterprognosen erstellen, sondern auch aktiv in Klima und Wetter eingreifen zu können. In den 1970er Jahren stützten die aufkommenden Debatten zu Bevölkerungswachstum, Nahrungsmittelknappheit, Umweltbewusstsein und das Überleben der Menschheit den Wetter- und Klimabeeinflussungsdiskurs, trugen jedoch auch dazu bei, dass er zunehmend kritisch begleitet wurde. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Verdensorganisationen har skabt stadig stærkere fælles fodslag og er en nødvendig playmaker for den fælles indsats for at undgå farlige menneskabte temperaturændringer.
vast machine Edwards, Paul N
2010, 20100312, 2019-06-20
eBook, Book
Global warming skeptics often fall back on the argument that the scientific case for global warming is all model predictions, nothing but simulation; they warn us that we need to wait for real data, ..."sound science." In A Vast Machine Paul Edwards has news for these doubters: without models, there are no data. Today, no collection of signals or observations--even from satellites, which can "see" the whole planet with a single instrument--becomes global in time and space without passing through a series of data models. Everything we know about the world's climate we know through models. Edwards offers an engaging and innovative history of how scientists learned to understand the atmosphere--to measure it, trace its past, and model its future. Edwards argues that all our knowledge about climate change comes from three kinds of computer models: simulation models of weather and climate; reanalysis models, which recreate climate history from historical weather data; and data models, used to combine and adjust measurements from many different sources. Meteorology creates knowledge through an infrastructure (weather stations and other data platforms) that covers the whole world, making global data. This infrastructure generates information so vast in quantity and so diverse in quality and form that it can be understood only by computer analysis--making data global. Edwards describes the science behind the scientific consensus on climate change, arguing that over the years data and models have converged to create a stable, reliable, and trustworthy basis for the reality of global warming.
Revolutions, droughts, famines, invasions, wars, regicides, government collapses-the calamities of the mid-seventeenth century were unprecedented in both frequency and extent. The effects of what ...historians call the "General Crisis" extended from England to Japan, from the Russian Empire to sub-Saharan Africa. The Americas, too, did not escape the turbulence of the time.
In this meticulously researched volume, master historian Geoffrey Parker presents the firsthand testimony of men and women who saw and suffered from the sequence of political, economic, and social crises between 1618 to the late 1680s. Parker also deploys the scientific evidence of climate change during this period. His discoveries revise entirely our understanding of the General Crisis: changes in prevailing weather patterns, especially longer winters and cooler and wetter summers, disrupted growing seasons and destroyed harvests. This in turn brought hunger, malnutrition, and disease; and as material conditions worsened, wars, rebellions, and revolutions rocked the world.
Parker's demonstration of the link between climate change, war, and catastrophe 350 years ago stands as an extraordinary historical achievement. And the implications of his study are equally important: are we adequately prepared-or even preparing-for the catastrophes that climate change brings?
Results of the study revealed that when dust impinged on the surface of the PV modules, monthly maximum power output of a 1.5 kWp system in Perth, Australia and a 50 Wp system in Nusa Tenggara Timur ...(NTT), Indonesia decreased, on average, by about 4.5% and 8%, respectively. Economic modelling showed that, the cost of production per kWh lost due to dust exhibited by these systems were A$ 0.26/kWh and A$ 0.15/kWh, respectively. Comparison of the cost of energy losses and maintenance revealed that, the Perth system would require manual cleaning in October while the system in NTT would require cleaning in August and October. Although the saving in production losses is not economically significant, this cleaning schedule was recommended, particularly for small systems in NTT since the extra output can have a significant effect on the quality of life in remote villages. The key finding was that higher dust de-rating factors and more cleaning activity may be more appropriate for PV systems deployed in tropical climate areas than that in temperate climate regions. It is recommended that PV system Standards that use the 5% performance de-rating factor due to soiling are reviewed and consideration given to climate-dependent de-rating factors.
•Energy losses of a 1.5 kWp in Perth, Australia and a 50 Wp in NTT, Indonesia were 113.54 and 7.11 kWh/year, respectively.•Time to perform a manual cleaning was in October for the system in Perth, while in August and October for the system in NTT.•A higher dust de-rating factor is required for PV systems deployed in tropical climate areas.
A Multilevel Model of Employee Innovation Wallace, J. Craig; Butts, Marcus M.; Johnson, Paul D. ...
Journal of management,
05/2016, Letnik:
42, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Drawing from tenets of self-determination theory, we propose and test a multilevel model that examines the effects of employee involvement climate on the individual-level process linking employee ...regulatory focus (promotion and prevention) to innovation via thriving. Using data collected at three points in time from 346 participants in 75 groups, multilevel path analytic results demonstrated support for a positive indirect effect from promotion focus to innovation via thriving and a negative indirect effect from prevention focus to innovation via thriving. In addition, results showed a positive indirect effect from employee involvement climate to innovation via thriving. Perhaps most important, cross-level moderated mediation results demonstrated that employee involvement climate strengthens the relationship between promotion focus and thriving, which, in turn, positively relates to innovation. The theoretical and practical implications of these multilevel effects on innovation are discussed.
Having set global warming in irreversible motion, we are facing the possibility of ecological catastrophe. But the environmental emergency is also a crisis for our philosophical habits of thought, ...confronting us with a problem that seems to defy not only our control but also our understanding. Global warming is perhaps the most dramatic example of what Timothy Morton calls "hyperobjects"-entities of such vast temporal and spatial dimensions that they defeat traditional ideas about what a thing is in the first place. In this book, Morton explains what hyperobjects are and their impact on how we think, how we coexist with one another and with nonhumans, and how we experience our politics, ethics, and art.
Moving fluidly between philosophy, science, literature, visual and conceptual art, and popular culture, the book argues that hyperobjects show that the end of the world has already occurred in the sense that concepts such as world, nature, and even environment are no longer a meaningful horizon against which human events take place. Instead of inhabiting a world, we find ourselves inside a number of hyperobjects, such as climate, nuclear weapons, evolution, or relativity. Such objects put unbearable strains on our normal ways of reasoning.
Insisting that we have to reinvent how we think to even begin to comprehend the world we now live in,Hyperobjectstakes the first steps, outlining a genuinely postmodern ecological approach to thought and action.
Die sozialökologische Transformation ist in aller Munde. Dies gilt sowohl für die politischen Debatten wie auch für die Wissenschaft. Dabei wird zunehmend deutlich: Multiple Krisen lassen sich nicht ...mehr nur mit Hilfe schrittweiser (Umwelt-)Politiken lösen, sondern es sind strukturelle Veränderungen notwendig. Die Beiträger*innen des Bandes arbeiten Gerechtigkeitsfragen und die gesellschaftspolitische Brisanz ökologischer Verteilungskonflikte im Kontext der Transformation heraus. Durch ihre Analysen unter Bezugnahme auf unterschiedliche Dimensionen von Umweltgerechtigkeit machen sie diese greifbar und liefern Kontextwissen für eine längst überfällige Diskussion.
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