Citizen Knowledge discusses how various forms of knowledge are dealt with in societies that combine a democratic political system with a capitalist economic system. How do citizens learn about ...politics? How are scientific insights taken up in politics? What role can markets play for processing decentralized knowledge? Lisa Herzog argues that the fraught relation between democracy and capitalism gets out of balance if too much knowledge is treated according to the logic of markets. Complex societies need different mechanisms for dealing with knowledge, among which democratic deliberation and expert communities are central. Citizen Knowledge develops the vision of an egalitarian society that considers the use of knowledge in society a matter of shared democratic responsibility.
One of the main aspects of supporting entrepreneurial activities is studying universities and their surrounding environments in innovation ecosystems, which is necessary to achieve economic ...development and technological innovations. The innovation ecosystem is a dynamic system and consists of academic, industrial, institutional, scientific, economic and governmental organizations. According to the researchers, there have been many innovations in the health section to enhance their ability to respond to the expectations of patients in terms of life expectancy, reducing costs, increasing the quality of life, improving diagnosis and treatment methods. In the field of health, more than 1425 knowledge-based companies are registered, and more than 800 technological teams are also located in the incubators of Iran's medical sciences universities. Nevertheless, universities of medical sciences are still at the beginning of the path of technology and innovation and moving towards entrepreneurial universities. It is essential that these universities, as one of the main components of the innovation ecosystem, focus remarkably on creating and strengthening their legal, financial, structural and managerial infrastructures in order to promote entrepreneurial culture and skills among their human resources. This is to commercialize knowledge and technology properly to meet the society's health needs. It is obvious that universities are facing many issues in this area, and using best practices, both domestic and foreign, can solve many challenges ahead.
an indispensable part of economic development programs in today's economies is considered to be Knowledge development. The competitive world economy has highlighted the role of knowledge for economic ...development policymakers than ever before. The experiences of leading prosperous countries that have reached economic development show that knowledge development foundations play a key role in increasing competitiveness in the global economy. Therefore, identifying the strengths and weaknesses of economic knowledge development is a prerequisite tool for making the right decisions to increase national economic competitiveness. To achieve this goal, international and regional institutions have attempted to design measurement methods to assess the knowledge-based economy since the 1990s. The main feature of existing models is their exclusive focus on the specifications in developed countries. The current study, however, deals with achieving an efficient measurement method for the knowledge-based economy in Iran. The proposed model is reliant on four main bases, 12 dimensions and 43 measurable indicators using a comparative method and a questionnaire. It comprises features such as comprehensiveness, measurability, efficiency, comparability, etc. and can be used as a native model to measure the comparative readiness and development of Iranian knowledge-based economy foundations.
Disaster research has been studied from many angles, seldom targeting its implications for vulnerable territories in Africa. Entities most subject to the effects of climate change are often ...undeveloped and located in disadvantaged regions. Post-disaster communities need to scrutinize the social, political, economic, and cultural structures that stagnate sustainable growth. Acknowledging that low economic development and high climate costs cannot coexist, this collected volume interrogates the challenge for disaster-prone territories to determine strategies for restructuring and redesigning their environment. This book proposes the creation of knowledge economies, whereby empowered communities may produce innovative knowledge translatable across the African diaspora.
In the 1990s, the “knowledge economy" was hailed by policy-makers in developed democracies as an antidote to the anxieties arising from the era of market liberalization – an era characterized by the ...decline of skilled blue-collar work, increasing levels of social exclusion and widening regional inequality. The shift to knowledge-driven growth appeared to offer policymakers a way of harnessing technological progress and global economic integration for progressive purposes, and justifying progressive policies in terms of the economic benefits that they would produce. Nick O’Donovan tells the story of how the techno-optimism once associated with the rise of the knowledge economy came to be supplanted by widespread anxiety about technological progress, and how the political consensus that formed around a knowledge-driven growth agenda has unravelled, paving the way for the electoral upheavals experienced by many developed democracies in recent years. By examining the rhetoric and reality of knowledge-driven growth over the last three decades, the book highlights the flawed assumptions underpinning this policy agenda, showing how its economic shortcomings map on to patterns of political discontent evident today. It assesses whether there is scope for rebooting this policy agenda in the wake of the Covid-19 pandemic, or whether politicians will need to reach beyond it if they are to deliver inclusive prosperity and equitable growth in the future.
► We provide a geographical and comparative analysis of world university rankings. ► Such rankings always produce partial and specific geographies of global higher education. ► The Shanghai ranking ...favors established universities in Europe and the United States. ► Emerging universities fare better in the THE-QS ranking, particularly those in Asia Pacific. ► Both rankings prioritize resource-intensive technosciences and thus convey a limited sense of scholarship.
This paper contributes to emerging debates about uneven global geographies of higher education through a critical analysis of world university rankings. Drawing on recent work in geography, international higher education and bibliometrics, the paper examines two of the major international ranking schemes that have had significant public impact in the context of the on-going neoliberalization of higher education. We argue that the emergence of these global rankings reflects a scalar shift in the geopolitics and geoeconomics of higher education from the national to the global that prioritizes academic practices and discourses conducted in particular places and fields of research. Our analysis illustrates how the substantial variation in ranking criteria produces not only necessarily partial but also very specific global geographies of higher education. In comparison, these reveal a wider tension in the knowledge-based economy between established knowledge centers in Europe and the United States and emerging knowledge hubs in Asia Pacific. An analysis of individual ranking criteria, however, suggests that other measures and subject-specific perspectives would produce very different landscapes of higher education.
The development and capitalisation of knowledge have been defining the features of economic development in recent decades. This global trend leads to a constant search for success factors in ...knowledge economies. The Global Knowledge Index (GKI) is the leading international indicator of the quality of knowledge capital and the ability to build effective knowledge economies. Using GKI as the primary research indicator fostering knowledge-based economies, we assessed the role of information and communications technology (ICT) factors in its formation. GKI depends on subjective assessments of the impact of ICT factors on the development and use of knowledge set by experts. Here, we evaluate the effect of elements that are subject to statistical reporting and, therefore, most objectively reflect existing ICT trends in enterprises. Using the method of correlation-regression analysis and data from EU countries, we estimated the relationship of seven selected factors in the formation of GKI, establishing that significant links exist with six of seven studied elements. The closest links are with the indicators ‘use of computers and the internet by employees’ and ‘enterprises with a website’. Additionally, continuing to test the hypothesis of a significant contribution of ICT to modern changes in the knowledge economy, we investigated their impact on GKI based on ICT development indicators assessed in the Network Readiness Index. The effect of this indicator is extremely high (R2 = 0.9287). Generally, the influence of ICT factors on knowledge development, and hence knowledge-based economies, allows one to identify the critical determinants of the success of leading countries. Our approach can be used to periodically monitor and select the most influential factors. Through reasonable efforts to stimulate the development of ICT, strengthening the role of such factors can make full use of current opportunities to create a knowledge-oriented economy.
•We evaluate the effect of elements subject to statistical reporting and, therefore, most objectively reflect existing ICT trends in enterprises.•Using the method of correlation-regression analysis and data from the EU countries, we estimated the relationship of seven selected factors in the formation of the Global Knowledge Index (GKI).•It is established that there are significant links with six elements out of the seven studied. The closest ones are the indicators “use of computers and the Internet by employees” and “enterprises with a website.”•We investigate their impact on GKI based on ICT development indicators assessed in the Network Readiness Index (NRI).•Our study is a novel study on ICT factors on knowledge development, and hence knowledge-based economies allow identifying critical determinants of the success of leading countries.
This study examines whether knowledge causes economic growth in Africa's two leading economies, Nigeria and South Africa. Using the Vector Autoregressive and Vector Error Correction approaches, the ...findings show cointegration among the variables. The speed of convergence of the variables to their long‐term mean values is relatively higher for South Africa than for Nigeria. In the short run, it is observed that knowledge unidirectionally Granger causes growth for Nigeria, whereas bidirectional causality is observed for South Africa. The higher correlation between knowledge and growth in South Africa reflects the success of greater investment in education. Nigeria must increase investment in education and modern infrastructure to converge to South Africa's growth trajectory. Moreover, for Nigeria, (1) knowledge unidirectionally Granger cause growth, (2) evidence of bidirectional causality flow is apparent between trade, the economic incentive, and growth, and (3) health unidirectionally Granger cause knowledge. As for South Africa (1) there is bidirectional causality between knowledge, trade openness, and growth, whereas investment and economic incentive, unidirectionally Granger causes growth, (2) investment, trade openness, and health unidirectionally Granger cause knowledge, and (3) economic incentive unidirectionally Granger cause trade openness. In conclusion, this paper argues that a transformed education system can provide the knowledge base essential for promoting and sustaining economic growth.
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