Tuberculosis remains a public health problem in Indonesia. While the percentage of unhealthy homes in Indonesia is still high at 75.1% and in the Riau Islands 76,3%. Construction of houses and the ...neighborhood does not meet health requirements would be a risk factor for pulmonary tuberculosis transmission source. This study aims to determine the relationship between the physical characteristics of the home (residential density, types of flooring, ventilation, lighting, temperature and humidity) and the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis in Puskesmas Sei Jang Tanjungpinang. This study uses a case control design were analyzed by chi-square test and Fisher exact. The number of samples in this study were 36 cases and 36 controls. Cases were all TB patients with sputum examination results at the health center laboratory stated smear positive (suffering from pulmonary TB) 2016 to June 2017. Control is a neighboring group of cases have a history of not suffering from pulmonary TB. Results showed that the floor of the house (OR = 2.12; 95% CI: 0.364 to 12.049), ventilation (OR = 3.4; 95% CI 0.638 to 18.132), lighting (OR = 2.08; 95% CI: 0.779 to 5.552), population density (OR = 2.5; 95% CI: 0.962 to 6.498), and humidity (OR = 2.742; 95% CI: 0.496 to 15.168) who do not qualify is a risk factor to the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis. However, this study found no statistically significant relationship. Suggested to the respondents whose homes are not eligible to be regularly open the window every morning before going on air circulation and sunlight can kill the TB germs.
Keterampilan menulis merupakan suatu kemampuan yang penting bagi siswa karena memungkinkan mereka untuk menyampaikan ide atau pesan melalui tulisan. Tata bahasa dalam penulisan diatur oleh Pedoman ...Umum Ejaan Bahasa Indonesia (PUEBI). Namun, dalam praktiknya, banyak siswa yang masih kurang memahami aturan tersebut. Akibatnya, kesalahan penulisan sering terjadi, terutama dalam hal penggunaan tanda baca koma dan titik. Itulah sebabnya penelitian ini meneliti apakah aplikasi wordwall mempengaruhi keterampilan tanda baca titik dan koma siswa pada penulisan teks narasi. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada tahun ajaran 2023-2024 di SDN 242 Bungah Gresik. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan menggunakan metode quasi-eksperimental. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas IV SDN 242 Bungah yang berjumlah 32 siswa. Sampel pada penelitian ini menggunakan 2 kelas yaitu kelas IV A sebagai kelas kontrol yang menerapkan pembelajaran konvensional. Sedangkan kelas IV B sebagai kelas eksperimen dengan menerapkan aplikasi wordwall. Hasil penelitian menggunakan uji Man-Whitney dengan nilai Sig (2-tailed) sebesar 0,001 < α (0,05), menunjukkan adanya perbedaan hasil belajar yang signifikan antara kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol.
Ferula latisecta belongs to the Ferula genus and is endemic to Iran. The present study aims to extract the essential oil of F. latisecta oleo-gum-resin for the first time and evaluate its ...phytochemistry and antimicrobial activity. The essential oil was extracted using a Clevenger-type hydrodistillation apparatus. The essential oil constituents were identified and quantified using GC and GC/MS methods. The antimicrobial activity of the essential oil was assayed against two Gram-negative bacteria, Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a Gram-positive bacterium, Staphylococcus aureus, and a fungal strain, Candida krusei using the broth microdilution method to determine MIC and MBC values. The results showed that the essential oil was rich in β- and α-pinene with 30.72% and 25.07% content, respectively. Additionally, the essential oil contained a significant amount of sulfur-containing compounds (7.49%) such as (E)-sec-butyl propenyl disulfide (4.21%), (Z)-sec-butyl propenyl disulfide (2.34%), and hexamethylene sulfide (0.94%). According to the results, the essential oil exhibited high inhibitory activity against C. krusei fungi, with MIC and MBC values of 2 μg/mL, which were more potent than amphotericin B (MIC: 8 and MBC: 32 μg/mL), as a standard antifungal agent. Additionally, the essential oil showed significant antibacterial activity against A. baumannii, with MIC and MBC values of 32 μg/mL, which were more potent than cefixime. Furthermore, the essential oil exhibited moderate activity against S. aureus with MIC and MBC values of 16 μg/mL. This study introduces a new oleo-gum resin from F. latisecta, with a high content of terpenoids and strong antimicrobial potency.
Anthropology is a discipline that its aim is to understand human and its place in the natural order of things. On the one hand, Anthropology examines affairs that are simple and normal and on the ...other hand, it examines ambiguous Affairs. According to this, current article is in nutritional anthropology by an ethnographic approach and inspired by the vision of cultural ecology and it examines patterns and ways of nutritional consumption of Koma and cultural belief relate to it in a region in south of Sabzevar. Results of this examination indicate that there is a considerable importance for this pasturage plant in context of animal husbandry communities of the studied region. Due to the importance and function of the plant in the life cycle of region, a certain cultural formations and image of this plant is formed in the studied society. The cultural image has been tried to protect this plant with unholy construction mechanism. In fact, because of the importance of the Koma in the environmental and economic level of the animal husbandry context of the region, from cultural level, a kind of cultural interaction and a kind of preservation culture is created. This kind of protection culture would affect the thought and action of regional actors in the field and their relation with the plant.
Poremećaji stanja svijesti djece uzrokovani su različitim poremećajima, od hipoglikemije do traumatskih intrakranijalnih krvarenja. Mogu trajati od nekoliko sekunda, poput sinkope, nekoliko dana i ...tjedana, pa sve do doživotnog stanja s protrahiranim poremećajima svijesti kao što su minimalno svjesno stanje ili perzistentno vegetativno stanje. Dobro poznavanje neuroanatomije i dobra vještina primjene tog znanja na ispitivanje neurološkog statusa omogućuje međusobno razlikovanje različitih stanja poremećaja svijesti te rano prepoznavanje
uzroka. Ascendentni retikularni aktivacijski sustav moždanog debla, koji sadrži glavne strukture za regulaciju budnosti i spavanja, smješten je blizu jezgara čija se funkcija može klinički ispitati čak i u djece bez svijesti, što omogućuje lokalizaciju lezije i procjenu oštećenja. Radiološke, laboratorijske i elektrofiziološke pretrage služe daljnjem prepoznavanju različitih uzroka poremećaja svijesti. Ovaj rad ima za cilj dati kratak pregled uzroka poremećaja stanja svijesti, patofiziologije oštećenja koja stvaraju, specifičnosti kliničke prezentacije na osnovi kojih se mogu razlikovati i temeljna načela dijagnostičkog i terapijskog pristupa djetetu s akutnim poremećajem stanja svijesti.
In Vehicular ad hoc network (VANETs), Quality of Service (QoS)- aware protocols helps in handling the necessitated demand of delay sensitive applications for facilitating intelligent transportation. ...The fundamental challenge of VANETs lies in the process of establishing vehicle to infrastructure and vehicle-to-vehicle communication that are prone to link failure. Bio-inspired algorithms are identified to provide reliable solutions for securing the links of VANETs. In this paper, Komodo Mlipir Algorithm-based Optimal Route Determination Mechanism (KMAORDM) is proposed for achieving best optimal route that guarantees enhanced QoS. This QoS aware routing protocol utilizes the exceptional potentiality of Komodo Mlipir Algorithm attributed in terms of exploration and exploitation for the objective of evaluating and memorizing the impactful factors that helps in exchanging the necessitated messages to its neighbours. It adopts Mlipir as a best mode of modelling the behaviours of vehicular nodes during the process of data routing in VANETs. It uses a cache strategy which discovered reliable traversed routing paths such that the pre-cached route is used for data transmission. This cache strategy paves the way for preventing the route identification and maintenance process with minimized routing overhead. It also identifies the fittest vehicular node from its one hop distance as the successive forwarder in the absence of pre-cached route for addressing link failure during reliable packet transmission. The simulation results of this proposed KMAORDM approach with different vehicular nodes confirmed minimized communication overhead of 19.32 %, reduced network latency of 18.64 %, maximized throughput of 18.54 % better than benchmarked approaches.
•Exploration and exploitation of Komodo Mlipir-Based Route-Finding Algorithm determines ideal route between vehicles.•Urban VANET communication overhead is reduced by cache memory-assisted RSUs' reliable backhaul link with neighbouring RSUs.•KMRFA algorithm balances exploration and exploitation, so nearby RSUs use past route info if vehicle clusters move uniformly.•Limiting control packet broadcast reduces discovery time and link failure when previous route is not in RSU cache memory.
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•Sagaing fault accommodates 50–55% of dextral motion of the India-Sunda plate motion.•Combined geodetic and rheological observations suggest along strike segmentation.•Along strike ...segmentation influences distribution and extent of earthquake ruptures.
The ∼1200 km long north-south oriented Sagaing fault (plate boundary fault between the Burma and Sunda plates), entirely located in Myanmar, passes through some major cities, and has witnessed several major earthquakes since prehistoric time, including the recent Mw 6.8 Thabeikkyin earthquake in 2012. The Sagaing fault accommodates ∼50–55% of dextral motion of the India-Sunda plate motion. Combined, geodetic observations and rheological considerations using topography as a proxy, we propose along strike segmentation of the Sagaing fault from centrally locked segment to creeping segment further north along the Koma fault. Such segmentation facilitates stress transfer (or loading) from creeping segment to locked segment, and influences earthquake nucleation process and along strike spatial extent of great earthquake ruptures. Topographic margins and their relative strength, predicted from the Newtonian channel flow model, also support the along strike segmentation behaviour.
The pre-colonial 6th–14th century terracotta forms of Koma Land, Northern Ghana, contain cavities which may have been intended to hold liquids. These have been linked to traditional African libation, ...but the specific nature of their contents is unclear. We used generic polymerase chain reactions that would amplify DNA from a range of plant and fungal species in order to identify remains of libations applied to fourteen terracotta items. We anticipated difficulties in distinguishing genuine ancient DNA sequences from those resulting from contaminating material, and therefore also carried out a series of control experiments to assess the extent to which the samples had become contaminated with exogenous DNA during burial, excavation and downstream analysis. Taking account of the results of the control experiments, as well as the difficulties in assigning matches between ancient DNA sequences and database entries, we provide evidence for the use of three different types of plant – plantain/banana, pine and grasses – in libations associated with the terracotta items. We also identified DNA from Coniochaeta yeast within the mouth cavity of one figurine, suggesting that this structure was burnt prior to deposition.
•We identify components of libations used with figurines from pre-colonial Ghana.•We identified remains of plantain/banana, pine and grasses.•We obtained evidence for deliberate burning of one figurine.•Ritual activities were as complex as those of current indigenous populations.
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