There is no relevant experience of adapting the methods of ergonomic risk factors in Lithuania, and thus a lack of experts in this field is a serious problem. Therefore, research activities in this ...field remain a burning issue. A study has been done using descriptive and quiz methods and all results were processed using statistic methods. The carried out research has revealed that the most frequently used methods are REBA and RULA, questionnaire, LST EN 1005-2, LST EN 1005-4, LST EN 1005-5, physical labour force intensity research method adapting Brouha and Rohmert criteria, MAC;, NIOSH – KRS, OCRA (OCRA statement, OCRA assessment sheet). All things considered, REBA and RULA methods are most frequently used because they are easily adapted and a very concrete grade can be calculated as the final evaluation. The article also introduces the interpretation of the fixed grade. The application of other methods requires more time and calculations, and therefore a researcher is offered a wider possibility of interpretation. Article in Lithuanian. Ergonominių rizikos veiksnių tyrimo metodų apžvalga ir jų taikymo Lietuvos statybos industrijoje ypatumai Anotacija. Lietuvoje nėra didelės ergonominių rizikos veiksnių vertinimo metodų taikymo praktikos, ji tik kuriama. Šios srities specialistų ir tiriamųjų darbų nėra daug, todėl tai ypač aktualu. Tyrimas atliktas naudojant aprašomąjį ir anketinės apklausos metodą, o rezultatai apdoroti statistiniais metodais. Nustatyta, kad dažniausiai taikyti metodai yra: REBA ir RULA, anketiniai tyrimai, LST EN 1005-2, LST EN 1005-4, LST EN 1005-5, fizinio darbo intensyvumo tyrimas taikant Brouha ir Rohmerto kriterijus, MAC, NIOSH-KRS, OCRA (OCRA rodiklis, OCRA patikros lapas). Galima daryti išvadą, kad REBA ir RULA metodai yra dažniausiai naudojami, nes lengvai pritaikomi, gaunamas konkretus balas ir pateikiamos gautų balų vertės. Taikant kitus metodus, sugaištama daugiau laiko, reikia atlikti daugiau matavimų, tyrėjui paliekama didesnė laisvė interpretuoti. Reikšminiai žodžiai: ergonomika, ergonominio tyrimo metodai, rizikos veiksniai, raumenų ir skeleto sistemos sutrikimai, darbuotojų darbingumo išsaugojimas.
Labour manoeuvrability and economic performance Modderman, Eelco; Gorter, Cees; Dalhuisen, Jasper ...
International journal of social economics,
03/2007, Letnik:
34, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Purpose - The aim of this paper is to explain the relationship between economic performance and labour manoeuvrability of township-village enterprises in the Jiangsu province, People's Republic of ...China.Design methodology approach - After a concise general overview of recent economic developments in the Chinese economy and the functioning of labour markets, a statistical analysis was performed on economic performance and labour market conditions based on a sample of 103 enterprises in the area considered.Findings - The analysis shows that the flexibility to fire employees has a considerable impact on the rise in added value of the enterprises, whereas hiring flexibility appears to have negligible effects.Research limitations implications - Although the paper has a limited scope related to one Chinese province, it seems plausible that the results - a positive economic effect of deregulation - have a more general validity, but this would call for a broader comparative study across sectors and regions.Originality value - The paper thus offers a novel contribution to a better understanding of the economic performance after the fast changes in the Chinese economy.
The case of OD in an NGO in India Nair, Nisha; Vohra, Neharika
The Journal of management development,
02/2011, Letnik:
30, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Purpose - This paper aims to report an organizational development (OD) exercise carried out in a prominent non-governmental organization (NGO) that works in the area of rights and advocacy in ...India.Design methodology approach - The exercise was part of the first author's graduate program, which required the application of behavioral science theory to a live organization under the supervision of her advisor, the second author. The organizational development exercise spread over four months, involved entering an organization, interacting with key participants and stakeholders of the organization both formally and informally, diagnosing issues facing the organization and a mirroring exercise with the management at the end of the intervention to provide feedback.Findings - Some of the issues and improvement areas that emerged through the exercise are discussed in the paper. It also offers reflections on some of the key lessons learnt during the process of intervention, with implications for OD in developmental organizations.Originality value - The paper offers insights into OD interventions in the developmental sector, posing a different set of challenges than conventional organizations, and also because the organization itself was in a state of flux at the time of the intervention.
Most previous studies concerning company performance evaluation focus merely on operational efficiency. Operational effectiveness, however, which might directly influence the survival of a company, ...is usually ignored. As a result, this paper presents a study which uses an innovative two-stage data envelopment analysis model that separates efficiency and effectiveness to evaluate the performance of 41 listed corporations of the banking industry in Taiwan. The empirical result of this paper is that a company with better efficiency does not always mean that it has better effectiveness. There is no apparent correlation between these two indicators.
summary Along with the increasing expenses of the blood system, enhancing efficiency is a necessary task at blood establishments. Labour is the primary expense and is the most likely area for ...efficiency improvements. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the relative efficiency of component production departments from the perspective of labour and cost. The data set was from 13 European blood centres and blood banks for 3 years and was analysed using data envelopment analysis (DEA). Working hours, estimated total costs, produced red blood cells and produced platelets were used in DEA modelling. Comparative analyses included an empirical cost model, in which the costs of working hours were adjusted with purchasing power parities to equalize the costs between countries. Estimated total costs were used to determine the savings potential of production, the unit cost and the economic value of discarded components (waste cost). Results showed a wide variation in labour efficiency (25–100%), in unit cost (fraction of labour costs in component production department) and in cost efficiency (13–100%). Savings potential both in labour and in costs was more than 50% in six departments in all study years. Median waste cost was 9·4% of estimated total costs in the four largest departments and 6·6% in the other departments. Thus, size of department was not a measure of its efficiency. Simple empirical analyses are applicable in efficiency comparisons and can encourage blood establishments to improve their resource management.
Businesses worldwide are beginning to explore new areas of workplace change. Gone are the days of changing an element in one department and expecting results throughout the entire firm. The latest ...trend is the high performance work system. The implementation of such a system is not based around one department, but focuses on firmwide change. Key elements are workplace restructuring, retraining of workers and adding new technology. It has been found that by improving the flow of information through workplace redesign, using state of the art technology and empowering employees by training them to be daily decision makers, productivity and overall quality of production increases significantly. The implementation of a high performance work system can be risky and costly but the US Government is currently developing ways to aid companies so that they can take advantage of the benefits that can result from the implementation of such a successful system.
New evidence is presented on the degree of aggregate and sectoral labour productivity convergence among 11 EU countries between 1970 and 1990. As with studies for other groups of countries, it is ...found that there is a greater degree of aggregate than sectoral convergence. Aggregate productivity converged at 0.9 percent per annum, with agriculture and manufacturing both diverging and only services converging 0.6 percent p.a.. We contend that structural change provides one explanation for this finding. When measured as changes in sectoral employment shares, structural change accounted for between 50 percent and 66 percent of the overall rate of aggregate productivity convergence among the EU countries over the period. Countries with relatively low levels of aggregate productivity benefited most from structural change.
Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to analyse the role that the nation-state plays in influencing the behaviour of the transnational companies (TNCs) and how it affects one's view of TNCs as ...efficiency- versus strategy-driven institutions.Design methodology approach - The paper starts with a brief historical analysis of the main theories of international production and the TNCs, to which it then relates the role of the nation-state and of strategic approaches.Findings - The characteristics of the nation-states that affect the behaviour of TNCs are linked to their regulatory regimes regarding fiscal, currency and social security regulations. These create opportunities for advantages of operating across frontiers and thus for specific strategic behaviour towards labour and governments.Research limitations implications - The theoretical approach presented will need to be supported by empirical findings.Practical implications - There are policy implications specifically related to the fact that multinationality per se gives advantages and that actors other than the TNCs may have to move towards achieving a multinational organization.Originality value - The paper questions the international character of most current theories of the TNC, arguing about the necessity to put the nation-states with their different characteristics at the heart of the explanations of TNCs' activities and suggests a strategic rather than efficiency approach to theories of the TNC.
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