The Brazilian sharpshooter Tettigonia incarnata Germar, 1821 was treated as incertae sedis in the most comprehensive and recent monograph of the New World Cicadellini. We have been able to identify ...male and female specimens of Tettigonia incarnata from northeastern and southeastern Brazil using high-resolution images of two syntypes deposited in the Museum für Naturkunde, Universität Humboldt, Berlin. Here we transfer Tettigonia incarnata to the genus Kogigonalia Young, 1977 and provide a detailed redescription of this species, including information on intraspecific color variation. In addition, we provide an updated key to the species of Kogigonalia . This is the first record of the genus from Brazil. Kogigonalia incarnata comb. n. can be recognized, among other features, by the subgenital plates with a distinct emargination at outer margin, aedeagus with a ventral unpaired process near midlength of shaft, and female sternite VII bearing an elongate strong projection on posterior margin. Keywords: Cicadellinae, leafhopper, morphology, Neotropics, taxonomy
Tacora johanni, a new species from Rondônia State, North Brazil, is described and illustrated. The new species can be recognized by the male genital features, especially the subgenital plates with ...the basal half distinctly expanded and with outer lateral margin round, the long and slender preapical pygofer process, and the styles with apical half strongly curved. Also, the genus is recorded for the first time from Venezuela, based on specimens of Tacora saturata Young, 1977, while the female of this species (here described in detail for the first time) shows two unusual features of the genitalia. A key to males of all known Tacora species and a map showing the known distribution of the genus are provided.
Los Cicadellidae son insectos de importancia agrícola por ser vectores de fitopatógenos. Oncometopia clarior es responsable de la transmisión del Virus del mosaico suave del ñame que causa pérdidas ...en la producción en los cultivos de ñame. Este estudio describe la biología del huevo del cicadélido Oncometopia clarior. Se recolectaron hembras adultas en cultivos de ñame y se confinaron en jaulas de oviposición con plantas de Dioscorea rotundata, se retiraron las hojas con posturas y se incubaron los huevos. Se encontró que la oviposición ocurre en el envés de las hojas y de forma endofítica. Los huevos fueron puestos en filas de 4 a 25 y cubiertos con brochosoma. Su tamaño fue de 2,39 mm ± 0,1197 de longitud y 0,53 mm ± 0,062 de ancho, son de forma alargada con extremos redondeados. La duración del periodo embrionario fue de 6,58 ± 0,98 días.
Pinndorama dilatata sp. nov. is described based on specimens from Amazonas State, Brazil. The genus is firstly recorded from the Brazilian states of Amazonas, Goiás, Maranhão, and São Paulo and a ...distribution map is provided, including new records to P. dianae, P. guartela, P. melanocephala, P. ronurensis, and P. pitanga. The key to males is updated to include the new species and minor improvements.
We present new records of Proconiini Stål, 1869 (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellinae) for the Pará State, Brazil. Most specimens were collected in canopy of Tapajós National Forest. Diestostemma ...cavichiolii Pinto, Mejdalani & Takiya, 2017 is the most abundant species, while Diestostemma dubium Young, 1968 and Acrogonia albertoi Silva, Cavichioli, Takiya & Mejdalani, 2017 had less than five specimens collected. In addition, maps with geographical distribution of the species here studied are presented.
Three new South American leafhopper genera of the tribe Gyponini are proposed: Beltrana gen. nov. based on Beltrana reticulata gen. et sp. nov. from French Guiana, Fulana gen. nov. based on Fulana ...brasiliensis gen. et sp. nov. from Brazil, and Sicrana gen. nov. based on Sicrana plana gen. et sp. nov. from Brazil and Ecuador. Diagnoses, detailed descriptions, and illustrations are provided for each taxon, as well as comparisons with closely related genera. In addition, the following synonyms are proposed: Freytagana DeLong, 1975 as a junior synonym of Marganana DeLong, 1948 and F. gibsoni DeLong, 1975 as a junior synonym of M. (Marganana) mexicana DeLong & Freytag, 1963. Chilella DeLong & Freytag, 1967 is transferred from Gyponini to Selenomorphini Evans, 1974.
Hemipteran insects are devastating pests of crops due to their wide host range, rapid reproduction, and ability to transmit numerous plant-infecting pathogens as vectors. While the field of ...plant-virus-vector interactions has flourished in recent years, plant-bacteria-vector interactions remain poorly understood. Leafhoppers and psyllids are by far the most important vectors of bacterial pathogens, yet there are still significant gaps in our understanding of their feeding behavior, salivary secretions, and plant responses as compared to important viral vectors, such as whiteflies and aphids. Even with an incomplete understanding of plant-bacteria-vector interactions, some common themes have emerged: (1) all known vector-borne bacteria share the ability to propagate in the plant and insect host; (2) particular hemipteran families appear to be incapable of transmitting vector-borne bacteria; (3) all known vector-borne bacteria have highly reduced genomes and coding capacity, resulting in host-dependence; and (4) vector-borne bacteria encode proteins that are essential for colonization of specific hosts, though only a few types of proteins have been investigated. Here, we review the current knowledge on important vector-borne bacterial pathogens, including Xylella fastidiosa, Spiroplasma spp., Liberibacter spp., and 'Candidatus Phytoplasma spp.'. We then highlight recent approaches used in the study of vector-borne bacteria. Finally, we discuss the application of this knowledge for control and future directions that will need to be addressed in the field of vector-plant-bacteria interactions.
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Optical coatings with reversibly tunable antireflective characteristics hold a tremendous potential for next generation optical energy-related applications. Bioinpsired by the ...camouflage behavior of small yellow leafhoppers, silica hollow sphere/shape memory polymer composites are self-assembled using a non-lithography-based approach. The average visible transmittance of the as-patterned hierarchical structure array-covered substrate is increased by ca. 6.3% at normal incident, and even improved by more than 20% for an incident angle of 75°. Interestingly, the broadband omnidirectional antireflection performance can be reversibly erased and recovered by applying external stimuli under ambient conditions. To gain a better understanding, its reversibility, mechanical robustness, and the structure-shape effect on the antireflective properties are systematically investigated in this research.
Abstract The diet consumed by adult parasitoids can affect longevity, survival, and fecundity. Honeydew from sap‐sucking insects is an abundant food resource in the field; however, artificial diets ...such as commercial bee honey are often used in lab rearing. The parasitoid Paracentrobia subflava (Girault) (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) is a natural enemy of Dalbulus maidis (DeLong) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae). The longevity and survival of P . subflava when fed natural and artificial diets under controlled conditions have not been studied. Further, the fecundity of P . subflava when fed a diet of honey has not been investigated. Therefore, our first objective was to analyse the longevity and survival of P . subflava when fed (1) honeydew of the corn leafhopper D . maidis , (2) honey + water, (3) honey + water + pollen, (4) water, and (5) nothing (control). Our second objective was to evaluate P . subflava fecundity upon exposure to D . maidis eggs, comparing parasitoids fed with honey + water versus controls (no food or water). In the second objective, honey was chosen since it was determined during the first objective to be the optimal food. The longevity of adult parasitoids (laboratory‐reared and field‐collected) was high when fed on honey and low when fed other diets. The highest longevity was achieved with honey + water: 17 days, while the survival of adult parasitoids was only 3 days for honeydew. Interestingly, fecundity, in terms of the percentage of parasitism and the percentage of emergence, did not differ between parasitoid females that had access to honey + water as a food resource and those that had no food or water.
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