Rad se bavi analizom talijanskih poslovica koje sadržavaju
leksem more. Korpus obuhvaća ukupno 29 poslovica iz različitih izvora,
podijeljenih u četiri tematske grupe. Ponuđena su pojašnjenja njihova ...značenja,
hrvatski ekvivalenti, gdje je to bilo moguće, te stilska analiza. Doprinos ovog
rada je u tome što se, za razliku od dosadašnjih sličnih radova, on ne fokusira
na kontrastivnu analizu već pruža uvid u semantički opseg leksema more u talijanskom
jeziku. Važnost poznavanja dosega neke riječi preduvjet je njene pravilne
uporabe, dok je poznavanje poslovica i pozadinskih slika kojima su uvjetovane
temelj pravilne percepcije kulture u kojoj su nastale. Leksem more punoznačnica
je s glavnim i više izvedenih značenja koja se, uglavnom, prenose metonimijom i
metaforom, što potvrđuje široki opseg semantičkog polja riječi.
The paper analyses twenty-nine Italian proverbs containing
lexeme sea which are found in dictionaries and on websites. Their semantic
analysis and that of their lexical structures as well as Croatian equivalents,
if possible, are presented. This paper, unlike the others so far, does not deal
with the contrastive analysis since its main concern is the semantic field of
the word “sea” as used in Italian proverbs. It covers several meanings, from
the literal as the vast area of salty water to those metaphorical as a long
distance, large quantity, or even unpredictability. Distinguishing the meaning
of a lexeme and the range of its semantic field is important for the proper
use. Therefore, proverbs, as a meaningful literary genre, enhance both language
and cultural knowledge.
Based on Polish and French vocabulary, this paper proposes criteria which shall make it possible to differentiate between prefixoids and prefixes. There are three such criteria: 1. prefixoids have ...the
capacity to become autonomous (and even to become bases in word formation), and are impossible to substitute in their semantic representation by native prefixes, or to be expanded into full exemes; 2. lexemes are created together with suffixoids, showing that neither of them are just affixes; 3. in some cases, the position of suffixoids can vary with regard to the lexical element which co-forms the compound lexeme. It is for these reasons that these elements deserve their own place in the morphological description of, at least, Polish and French.
The present monography entitled A Study of Slovenian Multi-Word Lexemes from a Lexicographical Perspective provides a typology of newer nominal multi-word lexemes with potential terminological ...meaning, based on the theory of Russian linguist N. M. Shanskiy which brings four precisely defined levels of semantic merger of their components. The analysis of individual components of multi-word lexemes from a morphological, syntactic and semantic perspective reveals typological tendencies of nominal multi-word lexemes which occurred especially in the last twenty years.The typology takes into account the causal relationship between the level of semantic transfer (of the components) of a multi-word lexeme on the one hand and the level of semantic merger of components of a multi-word lexeme and related lexicalization of a multi-word lexeme on the other hand, which is also reflected in the restricted collocability of their components. Lexicalized or non-lexicalized metaphorical and metonymic semantic transfers are contributing to the new semantic and syntactic combinations of individual words in the phrase, to the consequent integration of their meanings to form a single meaning of the multi-word lexeme and thus to a higher level of lexicalization and semantic firmness of a multi-word lexeme.
Syntactic information for Активный словарь русского языка ‘Active dictionary of Russian’
The article discusses the two types of syntactic information assigned to lexemes in the Active Dictionary of ...Russian (ADR) which is now being compiled at the Vinogradov Russian Language Institute of RAN. A lexeme is viewed in ADR as a word with only one of its meanings, but with all of the linguistically relevant properties characteristic for that meaning. Syntactic information assigned to a lexeme in ADR comprises government pattern(s) for predicate lexemes, and lexeme specific syntactic constructions, regardless of whether the lexeme is a predicate or not. Government patterns are deduced directly from the meaning definitions of predicate lexemes. Meaning definitions of predicate lexemes are formulated in terms of simpler senses and variables, of the form A1 which denote the semantic actants of the lexeme in question. A government pattern is the sum of lines A1, A2, …, An, each containing information on the external manifestation of the given actant.
Word formation in Slavic studies is generally accorded the status of an independent linguistic discipline, although it is frequently subsumed under grammar in course books. The basis of the ...theoretical framework which serves to define its linguistic status lies in systemising the terminology employed, as well as determining the boundaries which distinguish it from other linguistic disciplines and their linguistic units. As there is no synonymous internationalism for this discipline in the Croatian language, the term derivatology has been employed for the discipline itself, derivatologist refers to a linguist practising the discipline, derivatography refers to derivatological literature, and derivateme to a linguistic unit that is formed as the lexical fund grows. An analysis of the multiple motivation of derivateme formation has revealed an asymmetrical relationship between derivatemes and lexemes.
U prilogu su obrađene leksičke varijante koje se nalaze u tekstu četiriju biblijskih knjiga u hrvatskoglagoljskim srednovjekovnim brevijarima — knjiga Mudrosti, Ester, I. i II. knjiga o Makabejcima. ...Varijantni izrazi i varijantna mjesta u tim tekstovima nisu brojni, a od njih smo istaknuli one koji se nalaze u više proučenih tekstova. Nakon analize došli smo do zaključka da se ta četiri teksta vrlo razlikuju prema distribuciji leksičkih varijanata i prema tekstološkim faktima. Posebnoga je tipa knjiga Mudrosti, jer je cijeli tekst sačuvan u svim kodeksima s duljim lekcijama, a istovremeno se u njemu ne nalaze gotovo nikakve značajne leksičke varijante za razliku od teksta Ester i II. knjige o Makabejcima, gdje se jasno vidi korespondencija među potvrđenim leksičkim varijantama u dijelu koji se nalazi i u Vrbničkom prvom i Dragućkom brevijaru, a nakon završavanja njihova teksta nema za proučavane riječi više nikakvih varijanata. Zanimljivo je da se u brevijaru Vida z Omišlja (pripada “sjevernoj” tekstološkoj skupini hrvatskoglagoljskih brevijara) obično kombinira leksički dio odgovarajući tekstu u Vrbničkom Prvom brevijaru, a nakon njegova završavanja mijenja se leksik i u njemu nalazimo izraze koje koristi Vatikanski brevijar (pripada “južnoj” tekstološkoj skupini). U tekstu I. knjige o Makabejcima, za koji nemamo potvrđen prijevod u Vrbničkom prvom brevijaru, ne možemo pojavljivanje leksičkih varijanata nikako povezati s duljinom teksta u brevijarima ili drugim tekstološkim faktima.
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