SUR DES CORRESPONDANCES LEXIQUES ARMÉNO-GRÉCO-BALTES Résumé Dans l'histoire de la linguistique comparative le problème des relations linguistiques génétiques arméno-baltes n'est examiné que grâce à ...l'étude de la place de l'arménien entre les autres langues indo-européennes. Les liens lexiques arméno-baltes sont présentés dans le Grand tableau des correspondances lexiques arméno-indo-européennes, de H. Adjarian, et discutés dans la monographie de G. R. Solta. L'article de J. Greppin qui concerne les relations arméno-baltes dans de différents niveaux linguistiques, contient aussi un aperçu des correspondances lexiques. Le travail actuel vise à présenter à l'attention des baltistes quelques nouvelles comparaisons. 1. arm. tʽi- gr. tctéov ,,pelle, vanneuse, aviron" tandis qu'en prus. pettis ,,pelle", 2. arm. tʽikunkʽ (<tʽi-ak-un-k') ,,arrière, dos", lit. pečiaĩ ,,partie d'en haut du dos, bosse", 3. arm. kapʽarumkʽ - prus. caperne ,,lieu d'inhumation".
2023 m. kovo mėnesį buvo atliktas tyrimas „Terminijos normos ir realioji vartosena akademinėje veikloje“. Šiame straipsnyje pateikiami tyrimo rezultatai, tiksliau – siekiama atskleisti Kauno ...kolegijos dėstytojų profesijos terminų vartosenos ypatybes. Siekiant šio tikslo, keliami šie uždaviniai: 1) nustatyti, kokia yra Kauno kolegijos dėstytojų pozicija dėl norminių ir nenorminių terminų vartosenos skirtingose situacijose; 2) nustatyti terminų paieškos šaltinius, kuriais dažniausiais naudojasi dėstytojai; ir 3) įvertinti bendrųjų mokslo terminų pasirinkimą vartoti akademinėje veikloje. Tyrimo analizė leidžia teigti, kad aukštosios mokyklos dėstytojai stengiasi per paskaitas, rašydami mokslinius straipsnius ar pristatydami savo tyrimus moksliniuose renginiuose, vartoti lietuviškus arba tokius terminus, kurie yra norminiai ir pateikiami tam tikros srities terminų žodynuose ar terminų duomenų bazėse. Nenorminių terminų vartosena iš esmės susijusi su profesiniu žargonu ir dažnesnė tais atvejais, kai neturima aiškaus ir nusistovėjusio tam tikros srities termino. Norėdami vartoti taisyklingus ir kalbinius reikalavimus atitinkančius profesijos terminus, dėstytojai turėtų ne tik puikiai išmanyti savo dėstomą dalyką, bet ir gilinti savo kalbinę kompetenciją, naudotis naujausiais terminų bankais ir žodynais, susipažinti su naujausiais Valstybinės lietuvių kalbos komisijos nutarimais. Tik tokiu atveju studentai galės iš dėstytojų mokytis taisyklingos tam tikros srities terminijos. Nustatyta, kad Kauno kolegijos dėstytojai dažniausiai naudojasi savo srities terminų žodynais ir standartais, kiek rečiau terminų duomenų bazėmis. Nors daugumai respondentų svarbi išteklių kokybė, tačiau jie linksta naudotis paieškos sistemoje „Google“ rastais terminų šaltiniais, kurie ne visi yra patikimi ir sudaryti specialistų. Vertingiausi yra tie terminijos ištekliai, kurie yra kokybiški, reguliariai atnaujinami, lengvai pasiekiami ir atviri, sutelkti vienoje vietoje. Toks Lietuvoje yra Lietuvos Respublikos terminų bankas.
V prispevku so predstavljeni narečni leksemi iz pomenskega polja ‘mlinarstvo’, tj. izrazje za pomen ‘mlin’, ‘mleti’, ‘moka’, ‘otrobi’ in ‘koruza’ ter ‘sirarstvo’: besedje za pomene ‘sir’, ‘skuta’, ...‘sirotka’ in ‘sesiriti se’. Jezikovno gradivo s slovenskega jezikovnega območja (zbrano za Slovenski lingvistični atlas) kaže na veliko narečno raznolikost. Večina narečnih leksemov je slovanskega izvora. Največ prevzetih besed predstavljajo germanizmi (npr. mohant in mohot ‘sir (za mazanje)’, žur oz. žura ali cmer ‘sirotka’), na zahodu (primorska narečja) pa najdemo tudi romanizme (npr. špres ‘skuta’, frmenta, frmentin ali frmenton ‘koruza’, semola, šemole in šemolini ‘otrobi’).
V prispevku so predstavljeni narečni leksemi iz pomenskega polja ‘koruza’: poimenovanja za koruzo, izrazi za ličkanje in ruženje koruze. Jezikovno gradivo s slovenskega jezikovnega območja (zbrano za ...Slovenski lingvistični atlas) kaže na veliko narečno raznolikost. Za koruzo se najpogosteje uporabljajo še leksemi turščica, sirek, frmenta in frmenton, za pomen ‘ličkati’, tj. ‘odstranjevati krovne liste s koruznega storža’, so v gradivu zapisani še izrazi, kot so majiti, slačiti ali kožuhati, za pomen ‘ružiti’, tj. ‘luščiti zrno s koruznega storža’, pa npr. še luščiti, robiti ali robkati.
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">GENERAL CHARACTERISTIC OF AFFINITIVE RELATIONSHIP TERMS IN THE LITHUANIAN ...LANGUAGE
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Summary
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">The vocabulary of affinity of the Lithuanian language consists of nearly <span lang="LV" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: LV; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">190 <span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">words, comprising <span lang="LV" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: LV; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">50 <span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">designates. More than half of the whole number of the affinitive kinship terms designate spouses and various hyponimic concepts. This subgroup of the system of affinitive terms (AT) is characterized by wide range of synonymy and a great stylistic variety.
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">T <span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">he core of the old Lithuanian AT system consisted of the terms of the <span lang="LV" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: LV; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">2nd <span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">degree of kinship <span lang="LV" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: LV;">(šešuras, <span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">anyta, <span lang="LV" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: LV;">dieveris, moša, uošvis, uošve, laigonas, svainė <span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">(AC type), <span lang="LV" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: LV;">marti, žentas <span lang="LV" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: LV; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">(CA <span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">type) and the words, representing <span lang="RU" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: RU; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">АСА <span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">type of the <span lang="LV" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: LV; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">3rd <span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">degree, that designate the marriage partner of a sibling of the same sex of the marriage partner <span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">(jentė <span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">"wife of the husband's brother <span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">"; svainis ,,husband of the wife's sister"). Other types of the <span lang="LV" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: LV; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">3rd <span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">degree affinity terms <span lang="LV" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: LV; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">- <span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">CCA, CAC, ACC <span lang="LV" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: LV; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">- <span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">as well as the concepts of the <span lang="RU" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: RU; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">АСА <span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">type designating the marriage partner of the different sex sibling of the marriage partner were not everywhere and not regularly linguistically differentiated; the present names of these concepts are of later origin.
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">The semantic development of some AT is to be explained by the replacement of the speaker (the ego) while leaving the same term for the same referent. It should be noted that there is sufficient grounds to speak of the rather strong correlation between the linguistic structure of the AT system in the Lithuanian language an the social organization of the very kinship relations. The linguistic criteria of differentiating kinship concepts have been changing in the course of time. Polysemy with respect to generation has been given up; while within the generation of the ego polysemy has widely expanded. The system of AT of the Lithuanian language is permeated by the process (that became notable already in the epoch of the old literature and has not yet entirely stopped even nowadays) of extinction of the opposition of affinitive terms according to the semantic indication of the ego sex. Two closely interrelated processes are characteristic of the whole development of the Lithuanian AT system: <span lang="LV" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: LV; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">1) <span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">the tendency of the loss of special, linguistic <span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">expression of the concepts of kinship, that has increased the polysemy of some kinship terms and the opposite process <span lang="LV" style="color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: LV; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">2) <span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">the tendency of linguistic differentiation of the concepts of kinship, arising in attempt to avoid ambiguity. <span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 9pt;">
LEXIK LITAUISCHER HERKUNFT ALS QUELLE FÜR HISTORISCHES WÖRTERBUCH DES BELORUSSISCHENZusammenfassungIm Artikel wird die der Sprache von Denkmälern des altbelorussischen Schrifttums eigene Lexik ...litauischer Herkunft (Entlehnungen, Okkasionalismen) charakterisiert, als Quelle für historisches Wörterbuch des Belorusischen. Es werden die Auswahlprinzipien sowie Methoden der lexikographischen Beschreibung und Angabe des Wortschatzes, d. h. graphisch-orthographische Unifizierung, Problem von Wortvarianten, Erschliessung des semantischen Umfanges, Exemplifizierung, erläutert. Es werden auch Beispiele der Wortartikel angeführt.
ÜBER DIE QUANTITATIVE ENTWICKLUNG DER SLAVISCHEN LEHNWÖRTERZusammenfassungIn diesem Artikel wird die quantitative Entwicklung des Vokalismus der slavischen Lehnwörter erörtet. Die wichtigste ...Grundlage für die quantitative Adaptation der Slavismen ist das phonologische System der litauischen Mundarten.Die Distribution des Vokalismus der slavischen Lehnwörter erlaubt es anzunehmen, daß in der Frühzeit der Entlehnungen das Vokalsystem Untersysteme der langen und kurzen Vokale enthielt. Die halblangen Vokale, die bereits in unbetonten Silben vorlagen, traten nur als Allophone der langen Vokale auf. Die betonten Kurzvokale wurden weder gedehnt noch waren sie gespannt.Im Laufe der Zeit wurden die kurzen betonten Vokale der oberen Zungenlage i, u verlängert. Die Distribution der halblangen Vokale verbreitete sich, und es entstand ein System von Vokalen dreier phonologischer Längen.Die absolute Chronologie dieser Veränderung genauer festzustellen ist schwierig; die Verlängerung der kurzen betonten Vokale in der Mitte des Wortes bis zur Halblänge muß sich nach dem 10. Jh. vollzogen haben.
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