„Dobrý" životní příběh nevyhnutelně obsahuje i negativní nebo těžké životní zkušenosti. Typické ve vyprávění o těchto zážitcích jsou silné negativní emoce jako zklamání, bezmoc, zoufalství, ztrácí se ...„předvídatelný a bezpečný svět" a často přichází dramatická změna nebo bod obratu v životě. Příběhy o těžkých událostech mají také větší pravděpodobnost, že budou vyprávěny. Cílem této studie je podat přehled výzkumů narativního zpracování negativních životních událostí, a to jak z hlediska dílčích procesů, které se na tomto zpracování podílejí, tak i z pohledu začlenění události do kontextu celkového životního příběhu a procesu autobiografického zdůvodňování. Konstruktivní narativní zpracování negativních osobních událostí je důležitou podmínkou pro zvládnutí události a dosažení optimálního psychického stavu. Strukturování negativních událostí do narativní formy, a to jak vyprávěním, tak také psaním, umožňuje kromě jiného integraci a lepší regulaci emocí, konsolidaci stop autobiografické paměti, lepší porozumění proběhlé situaci a otevírá také možnost přehodnocení, změny perspektivy, popřípadě také posttraumatického růstu. Mezi nejčastější konstrukty, které jsou zkoumány v souvislosti s narativním zpracováním, patří tzv. explorativní vyprávění, konstrukce pozitivního řešení, aktérství a koherence. Neméně plodný pohled na narativní zpracování nabízejí kvalitativní studie narativní konstrukce.
•Participants described and rated two events each week of their first university term.•3.5years later participants rated events on remembering and life story importance.•Unusualness and rehearsal ...predicted remembering 3.5years later.•Goal-relevance and emotional intensity predicted life story relevance 3.5years later.•Life story importance was moderately stable over 3years.
Forty-five participants described and rated two events each week during their first term at university. After 3.5years, we examined whether event characteristics rated in the diary predicted remembering, reliving, and life story importance at the follow-up. In addition, we examined whether ratings of life story importance were consistent across a three year interval. Approximately 60% of events were remembered, but only 20% of these were considered above medium importance to life stories. Higher unusualness, rehearsal, and planning predicted whether an event was remembered 3.5years later. Higher goal-relevance, importance, emotional intensity, and planning predicted life story importance 3.5years later. There was a moderate correlation between life story importance rated three months after the diary and rated at the 3.5year follow-up. The results suggest that autobiographical memory and life stories are governed by different mechanisms and that life story memories are characterized by some degree of stability.
Storievertelling word wêreldwyd aangewend om individue op ’n informele wyse te onderrig. Persoonlike vertellings of lewensverhale is ’n onderafdeling van storievertelling as groter fenomeen en ...hierdie persoonlike lewensverhale kan suksesvol as onderrigstrategie ingespan word. In hierdie verband het McAdams (2001:101) bevind dat lewensverhale veral belangrik is as uitdrukking van die individu se identiteit en hom of haar sodoende help om sin te maak van persoonlike ervarings. Storievertelling is dus ’n uitdrukking van identiteit, want om die storie van ’n mens se lewe te vertel, help jou om sin te maak van jou ervarings en kweek ’n gevoel van self, oftewel “wie ek is”. Dit is gevolglik baie belangrik dat leerders van ’n vroeë ouderdom af blootgestel word aan en opleiding ontvang in lewensverhaalvertellings. Hierdie blootstelling lei daartoe dat leerders geleidelik daaraan gewoond gemaak word om as ’t ware die storie van hul lewe aan ander te vertel. Op hierdie manier verseker blootstelling aan die deel van persoonllike lewensverhale dat individuele leerlinge nie geïntimideer sal voel deur dergelike aktiwiteite wanneer hulle die ouderdom bereik waar die stories van hul persoonlike belewenisse met vertroue vertel kan word nie. Daar is daarom veral gekyk na die Kurrikulum en Assesseringsbeleidsverklaring (KABV) om vas te stel of daar in die KABV voldoende ruimte geskep is om leerders vanaf ’n vroeë ouderdom bloot te stel aan lewensverhale. Daar is ook ondersoek ingestel of hierdie blootstelling en opleiding in die vertel van lewensverhale toeneem totdat leerders in vroeë adolessensie spontaan en met selfvertroue hulle persoonlike stories aan ander kan vertel.
•Life Story Work is widely used in social care, including out-of-home care (OOHC)•Despite this, little is known about LSW implementation and stakeholder views.•Our systematic review identified ...inadequate reporting of LSW implementation in OOHC.•There was strong support for LSW from key stakeholders including OOHC children.•Recommendations include improved oversight, training, and record custodianship.
Life Story Work (LSW) is a biographical narrative approach used within health and social care settings that offers individuals an opportunity to talk and think about their lived experiences. LSW is embedded in government out-of-home care (OOHC) policy nationally and internationally. Despite this, little is known about how LSW is implemented in OOHC or the experience of key stakeholders. We conducted a systematic review and synthesis of qualitative studies to address these knowledge gaps.
We searched eight academic databases and reference lists (2006 to July 2021) for qualitative studies or those reporting qualitative data on LSW involving children aged < 18 years in an OOHC setting.
We identified 21 eligible studies from 706 records. The most popular LSW offering was life story books. Common OOHC settings for LSW implementation were adoption, home-based and residential care. OOHC was used to a lesser extent in family group homes and independent living settings. OOHC children valued LSW when it represented a comprehensive record of their lives, retaining their LSW in later years. Carers valued involvement in the LSW process and wanted a realistic life record. Facilitators and support workers viewed LSW as a beneficial adjunct but reported lack of training and support.
LSW is a valuable approach in OOHC settings. The process should commence early and continue with adequate support and training for carers and professionals. There is need for implementation in other OOHC settings, and controlled trials to establish the effect of the approach on social and emotional outcomes.
A life story (LS) is a tool healthcare professionals (HCPs) use to help older adults with dementia preserve their identities by sharing their stories. Applied health technology can be considered a ...niche within welfare technology. Combining technology and nursing, such as using life stories in digital form, may support person-centred care and allow HCPs to see the person behind the disease.
The study's objective was to summarise and describe the use of life stories in digital form in the daily care of older adults with dementia.
A scoping review was conducted in five stages. Database searches were conducted in Cinahl, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar; 31 articles were included. A conventional qualitative content analysis of the collected data was conducted.
The qualitative analysis resulted in three categories: (1) benefits for older adults, (2) influence on HCPs' work, and (3) obstacles to implementing a digital LS in daily care.
Older adults with dementia can receive person-centred care through a digital LS based on their wishes. A digital LS can enable symmetric communication and serve as an intergenerational communication tool. It can be used to handle behavioural symptoms. Using a digital LS in the later stages of dementia may differ from using it earlier in dementia. However, it may compensate for weakening abilities in older adults by enhancing social interaction.
This study aims to determine the language choice of intermarriage families of Indonesian women and Japanese men in Japan, the factors that determine the language choice, and the implications of ...language choice. The informants of this study are 8 Indonesian wives who married Japanese men living in Japan. The analysis results show that the primary language used at home is that Japanese wives have a dominant role in determining the language choice in the family. The informants’ mother tongue was deficient and used only in certain situations, namely when angry and joking. This causes children to have difficulty communicating with Indonesian families. Several factors determining the language choice in intermarriage families include residence, wife and husband's language skills, enthusiasm and effort to convey the Indonesian wife's mother tongue to children, Japanese family support, knowledge of language education for children, attitude towards language, psychological situation, and child development. Indonesian wives need knowledge of bilingual education so that children can communicate in Indonesian and Japanese. Therefore, in intermarriages, primary marriages of Indonesian wives and Japanese husbands in Japan, where the environment, facilities, and opportunities to learn Indonesian are limited, it is necessary to plan and discuss with partners how to use the language at home, language education for children, and extra effort if Indonesian wives want the children to have bilingual abilities or to be able to communicate in both the Indonesian and Japanese.
Objective
Narrative theories of personality assume that individual differences in coherence reflect consistent and stable differences in narrative style rather than situational and event‐specific ...differences (e.g., McAdams & McLean, 2013). However, this assumption has received only modest empirical attention. Therefore, we present two studies testing the theoretical assumption of a consistent and stable coherent narrative style.
Method
Study 1 focused on the two most traumatic and most positive life events of 224 undergraduates. These event‐specific narratives were coded for three coherence dimensions: theme, context, and chronology (NaCCs; Reese et al., 2011). Study 2 focused on two life narratives told 4 years apart by 98 adults, which were coded for thematic, causal, and temporal coherence (Köber, Schmiedek, & Habermas, 2015).
Results
Confirmatory factor analysis in both studies revealed that individual differences in the coherence ratings were best explained by a model including both narrative style and event‐/narration‐specific latent variables.
Conclusions
The ways in which we tell autobiographical narratives reflect a stable feature of individual differences. Further, they suggest that this stable element of personality is necessary, but not sufficient, in accounting for specific event and life narrative coherence.
Life story chapters may be formed in relation to substantial and enduring changes in material circumstances, and we explored this idea by capitalizing on naturally occurring variations in the change ...of material circumstances associated with marriage. In two studies, we asked participants to report whether they cohabitated before marriage and whether they relocated in connection with marriage, using these as proxies for material change. Participants described their wedding and rated it on memory characteristics along with scales measuring material change, psychological change, and centrality to identity. Next, they identified chapters within the romantic domain of their lives. Finally, they placed the wedding memory in a chapter and marked the temporal location of the memory on a timeline representing the chapter. In study 2, not cohabitating before marriage was associated with greater likelihood of locating the wedding memory as a starting point for a chapter. The results provide some support for the role of material change in shaping the formation of chapters.
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