Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) is a foodborne human pathogen responsible for severe infections, including septicaemia, neurolisteriosis, and maternal–foetal and focal infections. Little is known about ...Lm-associated respiratory tract or lung infections.
We conducted a retrospective study of culture-proven cases of Lm pleural infections and pneumonia reported to the French National Reference Centre for Listeria from January 1993 to August 2016.
Thirty-eight consecutive patients with pleural infection (n = 32), pneumonia (n = 5), or both (n = 1) were studied; 71% of these were men. Median age was 72 (range 29–90). Two patients presented with concomitant neurolisteriosis. All patients but one reported at least one immunosuppressive condition (97%), with a median number of 2 (range 0–5), including 29% (8/28) with current exposure to immunosuppressive therapy and 50% (17/34) with ongoing neoplasia; 75% (21/28) reported previous pleural or pulmonary disease. Antibiotic therapy mostly consisted in amoxicillin (72%) associated with aminoglycoside in 32%. Chest-tube drainage was performed in 7/19 patients with empyema (37%); 25% of the patients (7/30) required intensive care management. In-hospital mortality reached 35% and occurred after a median time interval of 4 days (range 1–33 days). Three patients had recurrence of empyema (time interval of 1 week to 4 months after treatment completion). Altogether, only 13/31 patients (42%) diagnosed with Lm respiratory infection experienced an uneventful outcome at 2-year follow-up.
Lm is a rare but severe cause of pneumonia and pleural infection in older immunocompromised patients, requiring prompt diagnosis and adequate management and follow-up.
Human Listeriosis Koopmans, Merel M; Brouwer, Matthijs C; Vázquez-Boland, José A ...
Clinical microbiology reviews,
03/2023, Letnik:
36, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Listeria monocytogenes is a Gram-positive facultative intracellular pathogen that can cause severe invasive infections upon ingestion with contaminated food. Clinically, listerial disease, or ...listeriosis, most often presents as bacteremia, meningitis or meningoencephalitis, and pregnancy-associated infections manifesting as miscarriage or neonatal sepsis. Invasive listeriosis is life-threatening and a main cause of foodborne illness leading to hospital admissions in Western countries. Sources of contamination can be identified through international surveillance systems for foodborne bacteria and strains' genetic data sharing. Large-scale whole genome studies have increased our knowledge on the diversity and evolution of L. monocytogenes, while recent pathophysiological investigations have improved our mechanistic understanding of listeriosis. In this article, we present an overview of human listeriosis with particular focus on relevant features of the causative bacterium, epidemiology, risk groups, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and treatment and prevention.
Acute infections are associated with a set of stereotypic behavioral responses, including anorexia, lethargy, and social withdrawal. Although these so-called sickness behaviors are the most common ...and familiar symptoms of infections, their roles in host defense are largely unknown. Here, we investigated the role of anorexia in models of bacterial and viral infections. We found that anorexia was protective while nutritional supplementation was detrimental in bacterial sepsis. Furthermore, glucose was necessary and sufficient for these effects. In contrast, nutritional supplementation protected against mortality from influenza infection and viral sepsis, whereas blocking glucose utilization was lethal. In both bacterial and viral models, these effects were largely independent of pathogen load and magnitude of inflammation. Instead, we identify opposing metabolic requirements tied to cellular stress adaptations critical for tolerance of differential inflammatory states.
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•Fasting metabolism is protective in bacterial, but not viral, inflammation•Ketone bodies limit ROS-induced neuronal damage during bacterial inflammation•Glucose utilization prevents UPR-mediated neuronal damage during viral inflammation
Starve a fever, stuff a cold: why anorexia helps the organism to tolerate bacterial infections but makes viral infections hard to endure.
We investigated an outbreak of listeriosis detected by whole-genome multilocus sequence typing and associated with packaged leafy green salads. Nineteen cases were identified in the United States ...during July 5, 2015-January 31, 2016; isolates from case-patients were closely related (median difference 3 alleles, range 0-16 alleles). Of 16 case-patients interviewed, all reported salad consumption. Of 9 case-patients who recalled brand information, all reported brands processed at a common US facility. The Public Health Agency of Canada simultaneously investigated 14 cases of listeriosis associated with this outbreak. Isolates from the processing facility, packaged leafy green salads, and 9 case-patients from Canada were closely related to US clinical isolates (median difference 3 alleles, range 0-16 alleles). This investigation led to a recall of packaged leafy green salads made at the processing facility. Additional research is needed to identify best practices and effective policies to reduce the likelihood of Listeria monocytogenes contamination of fresh produce.
Summary Background Listeriosis is a severe foodborne infection and a notifiable disease in France. We did a nationwide prospective study to characterise its clinical features and prognostic factors. ...Methods MONALISA was a national prospective observational cohort study. We enrolled eligible cases declared to the National Reference Center for Listeria (all microbiologically proven) between Nov 3, 2009, and July 31, 2013, in the context of mandatory reporting. The outcomes were analysis of clinical features, characterisation of Listeria isolates, and determination of predictors of 3-month mortality or persisting impairment using logistic regression. A hierarchical clustering on principal components was also done for neurological and bacteraemic cases. The study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov , number NCT01520597. Findings We enrolled 818 cases from 372 centres, including 107 maternal–neonatal infections, 427 cases of bacteraemia, and 252 cases of neurolisteriosis. Only five (5%) of 107 pregnant women had an uneventful outcome. 26 (24%) of 107 mothers experienced fetal loss, but never after 29 weeks of gestation or beyond 2 days of admission to hospital. Neurolisteriosis presented as meningoencephalitis in 212 (84%) of 252 patients; brainstem involvement was only reported in 42 (17%) of 252 patients. 3-month mortality was higher for bacteraemia than neurolisteriosis (hazard ratio HR 0·54 95% CI 0·41–0·69, p<0·0001). For both bacteraemia and neurolisteriosis, the strongest mortality predictors were ongoing cancer (odds ratio OR 5·19 95% CI 3·01–8·95, p<0·0001), multi-organ failure (OR 7·98 4·32–14·72, p<0·0001), aggravation of any pre-existing organ dysfunction (OR 4·35 2·79–6·81, p<0·0001), and monocytopenia (OR 3·70 1·82–7·49, p=0·0003). Neurolisteriosis mortality was higher in blood-culture positive patients (OR 3·67 1·60–8·40, p=0·002) or those receiving adjunctive dexamethasone (OR 4·58 1·50–13·98, p=0·008). Interpretation The severity of listeriosis is higher than reported elsewhere. We found evidence of a significantly reduced survival in patients with neurolisteriosis treated with adjunctive dexamethasone, and also determined the time window for fetal losses. MONALISA provides important new data to improve management and predict outcome in listeriosis. Funding Programme Hospitalier Recherche Clinique, Institut Pasteur, Inserm, French Public Health Agency.
Listeriosis is an infectious and fatal disease of animals, birds, fish, crustaceans and humans. It is an important food-borne zoonosis caused by Listeria monocytogenes, an intracellular pathogen with ...unique potential to spread from cell to cell, thereby crossing blood-brain, intestinal and placental barriers. The organism possesses a pile of virulence factors that help to infect the host and evade from host immune machinery. Though disease occurrence is sporadic throughout the world, it can result in severe damage during an outbreak. Listeriosis is characterized by septicaemia, encephalitis, meningitis, meningoencephalitis, abortion, stillbirth, perinatal infections and gastroenteritis with the incubation period varying with the form of infection. L. monocytogenes has been isolated worldwide from humans, animals, poultry, environmental sources like soil, river, decaying plants, and food sources like milk, meat and their products, seafood and vegetables. Since appropriate vaccines are not available and infection is mainly transmitted through foods in humans and animals, hygienic practices can prevent its spread. The present review describes etiology, epidemiology, transmission, clinical signs, post-mortem lesions, pathogenesis, public health significance, and advances in diagnosis, vaccines and treatment of this disease. Special attention has been given to novel as well as prospective emerging therapies that include bacteriophage and cytokine therapy, avian egg yolk antibodies and herbal therapy. Various vaccines, including advances in recombinant and DNA vaccines and their modes of eliciting immune response, are also discussed. Due focus has also been given regarding appropriate prevention and control strategies to be adapted for better management of this zoonotic disease.
Listeria monocytogenes is a Gram-positive pathogenic bacterium which can be found in soil or water. Infection with the organism can develop after ingestion of contaminated food products. Small and ...large outbreaks of listeriosis have been described. Listeria monocytogenes can cause a number of clinical syndromes, most frequently sepsis, meningitis, and rhombencephalitis, particularly in immunocompromised hosts. The latter syndrome mimics the veterinary infection in ruminants called "circling disease". Neonatal infection can occur as a result of maternal chorioamnionitis ("early onset" sepsis) or through passage through a birth canal colonized with Listeria from the gastrointestinal tract. ("late onset" meningitis). Treatment of listeriosis is usually with a combination of ampicillin and an aminoglycoside but other regimens have been used. The mortality rate is high, reflecting the combination of an immunocompromised host and an often delayed diagnosis.
An outbreak of listeriosis was identified in South Africa in 2017. The source was unknown.
We conducted epidemiologic, trace-back, and environmental investigations and used whole-genome sequencing to ...type
isolates. A case was defined as laboratory-confirmed
infection during the period from June 11, 2017, to April 7, 2018.
A total of 937 cases were identified, of which 465 (50%) were associated with pregnancy; 406 of the pregnancy-associated cases (87%) occurred in neonates. Of the 937 cases, 229 (24%) occurred in patients 15 to 49 years of age (excluding those who were pregnant). Among the patients in whom human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status was known, 38% of those with pregnancy-associated cases (77 of 204) and 46% of the remaining patients (97 of 211) were infected with HIV. Among 728 patients with a known outcome, 193 (27%) died. Clinical isolates from 609 patients were sequenced, and 567 (93%) were identified as sequence type 6 (ST6). In a case-control analysis, patients with ST6 infections were more likely to have eaten polony (a ready-to-eat processed meat) than those with non-ST6 infections (odds ratio, 8.55; 95% confidence interval, 1.66 to 43.35). Polony and environmental samples also yielded ST6 isolates, which, together with the isolates from the patients, belonged to the same core-genome multilocus sequence typing cluster with no more than 4 allelic differences; these findings showed that polony produced at a single facility was the outbreak source. A recall of ready-to-eat processed meat products from this facility was associated with a rapid decline in the incidence of
ST6 infections.
This investigation showed that in a middle-income country with a high prevalence of HIV infection,
caused disproportionate illness among pregnant girls and women and HIV-infected persons. Whole-genome sequencing facilitated the detection of the outbreak and guided the trace-back investigations that led to the identification of the source.
During 2013-2017, a total of 211 cases of listeriosis were reported by 64 sentinel hospitals in China to a national foodborne disease surveillance network. The average case-fatality rate was 31.2% ...for perinatal cases and 16.4% for nonperinatal cases. Sequence types 87 and 8 were the most prevalent types.
is a foodborne pathogen that causes septicemia, meningitis and chorioamnionitis and is associated with high mortality. Immunocompetent humans and animals, however, can tolerate high doses of
without ...developing systemic disease. The intestinal microbiota provides colonization resistance against many orally acquired pathogens, and antibiotic-mediated depletion of the microbiota reduces host resistance to infection. Here we show that a diverse microbiota markedly reduces
colonization of the gut lumen and prevents systemic dissemination. Antibiotic administration to mice before low dose oral inoculation increases
growth in the intestine. In immunodeficient or chemotherapy-treated mice, the intestinal microbiota provides nonredundant defense against lethal, disseminated infection. We have assembled a consortium of commensal bacteria belonging to the Clostridiales order, which exerts in vitro antilisterial activity and confers in vivo resistance upon transfer into germ free mice. Thus, we demonstrate a defensive role of the gut microbiota against
infection and identify intestinal commensal species that, by enhancing resistance against this pathogen, represent potential probiotics.
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