This article tries to investigate the dynamic deflection response of exponentially functionally graded material (E-FGM) nanoplate considering the role of porosities when embedded in a visco-elastic ...foundation and subjected to moving load, for the first time. The effective material properties are found using an exponential model of the rule of mixture. Next, the governing equations for the nanoplates while resting on a visco-Winkler foundation are found based on the third-order shear deformation theory in conjunction with Eringen nonlocal elasticity by developing Hamilton's principle. To solve the time-dependent governing motion equations, a state-space method is developed to find the response of the structure including simply-supported edges under moving load. Through some examples, the validation of the approach is provided before investigating the roles of nonlocality, volume fraction index (exponential parameter), porosity index, visco-elastic foundation coefficients, and velocity and time span of moving load on the forced vibration of embedded E-FGM nano-size plate under moving load.
•An exponential function including porosity is developed for moving load analysis.•The embedded FGM nanoplate in the visco-Winkler foundation is modeled analytically.•A time-dependent system is solved by implementing Navier's solving procedure.•Viscoelastic foundation reduces the deformations of imperfect inhomogeneous nanoplates.
Recent development in generation of green electrical energy using porous oxide is a promise of economic and sustainable energy source. Pure and K-doped MgFe2O4 based hydroelectric cells with ...mesoporous structure and good chemical stability were synthesised by solid-state sintering method. Energy production with zero carbon emission can be achieved by dissociation of water molecules with this novel device named as Hydroelectric cell. Rietveld analysis of powder X-Ray data was performed to investigate the structural and phase analysis of prepared samples. FESEM was used to depict the surface morphology of all the samples. Water molecules dissociation and ionic conduction of dissociated ions were further investigated by dielectric and dc conductivity measurements for all the samples in dry and wet states. Load analysis of cell was performed to understand its practical applications. Maximum out power was observed for Mg0.9K0.1Fe2O4 based Hydroelectric cell. Overall results conclude that K+ cation doping induce nano porous structure in MgFe2O4 results in better hydroelectric properties which may use as nonconvention source of energy.
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•Pure and K doped MgFe2O4 samples were synthesized by solid state sintering method.•Rietveld refinement was performed to evaluate the structural parameters which confirm K doping in MgFe2O4.•Microstructure and porosity significantly control by the dopant alkali (K) atom as assessed from FESEM analysis.•Maximum output power was obtained in Mg0.9K0.1Fe2O4 hydroelectric cell.•HECs can be alternative to fuel cell and solar cell to produce green energy applications in future.
Drones are currently being used in more and more new fields, including those where there are many obstacles that a drone can hit while performing its task. Therefore, the need to prevent a drone from ...damage when it crashes into an obstacle has arisen and such protection will also enable the use of drones in new applications involving operating in a very small space with a high probability of collision. One of the solutions to this problem is to put the drone into a protective cage. This paper presents the results of load analysis on drone protective cage and the proposed one has a specific structure and consists of an external mesh with specially shaped nodes and topology of mesh elements. The whole cage is suspended on a gimbal type connection that increases the collision capabilities and minimizes the impact of collisions on the drone's behaviour and cage load. The unusual construction of the drone itself, and in particular the arrangement of the drone's propellers, allows us to maximize the operational possibilities. he results show how the loads are distributed throughout the cage and gimbal element and how they affect the drone inside. The tests were carried out both in a simulation environment and on built demonstrators in laboratory conditions and simulated operational conditions.
As one kind of jacketed vessels, half‐pipe jacketed vessels are widely used in engineering owing to the structural and heat transfer advantages. But for the design of half‐pipe jacketed vessels, ...there are limitations in codes ASME VIII‐1 and ASME VIII‐2. In this paper, a new design method based on numerical limit‐load analysis is proposed to design half‐pipe jacketed vessels. The scheme and advantages of the method are presented through a design of half‐pipe jacketed vessel. It is found that by performing limit‐load analysis, problems of the codes ASME VIII‐1 and ASME VIII‐2 about the structural limitation of the half‐pipe jacketed vessels and loading limitation are solved. In addition, by performing limit‐load and parametric analysis, the strength weakness areas on the vessels can be found, and the rational strength design of a structure can be achieved.
Professional athletes undertake a variety of training programs to enhance their physical performance, technical-tactical skills, while protecting their health and well-being. Regular exercise induces ...widespread changes in the whole body in an extremely complex network of signaling, and evidence indicates that phenotypical sex differences influence the physiological adaptations to player load of professional athletes. Despite that there remains an underrepresentation of women in clinical studies in sports, including football. The objectives of this study were twofold: to study the association between the external load (EPTS) and urinary metabolites as a surrogate of the adaptation to training, and to assess the effect of sex on the physiological adaptations to player load in professional football players. Targeted metabolic analysis of aminoacids, and tryptophan and phenylalanine metabolites detected progressive changes in the urinary metabolome associated with the external training load in men and women’s football teams. Overrepresentation analysis and multivariate analysis of metabolic data showed significant differences of the effect of training on the metabolic profiles in the men and women teams analyzed. Collectively, our results demonstrate that the development of metabolic models of adaptation in professional football players can benefit from the separate analysis of women and men teams, providing more accurate insights into how adaptation to the external load is related to changes in the metabolic phenotypes. Furthermore, results support the use of metabolomics to understand changes in specific metabolic pathways provoked by the training process.
Over the year’s walker or rollator have helped many elderly people to overcome the barrier of dependency. As the age grows, the muscles and bones suffer weakening due to lack of calcium because of ...which person has to depend on others for their movement. This unwanted condition creates a bad physiological and psychological impact on the victim and slowly pulls them out of all possible types of interactions with society. Thus, to make the walker more users friendly, safe, and reliable, a new design or solution is proposed. This not only addresses the problem which is prevalent in the elderly section of society but also will be helpful to people with other disabilities. The proposed design of the walker is to increase the safety and movability of the user. The design of this walker is advanced as it consists of various sensors like an Obstacle sensor, GPS, and Load Sensor. In this paper, the design and analysis of an advanced walker cum rollator is elaborated, which significantly reduces the challenges faced by the elderly and specially challenged in day-to-day life.
Bond performance as a research hotspot of composite structures has been widely concerned. To solve the congestion of reinforcement and the difficulty of concrete pouring in concrete-encased steel ...(CES) structure, steel fiber-reinforced concrete-encased steel (SFRCES) structure was proposed, and push-out tests of 36 SFRCES composite columns were carried out in this paper to study bond performance. By analyzing the load-displacement curves, the energy dissipation (Wb) and energy damage (Wc) of specimens were obtained. Based on the relationship between Wb and Wc, the load (Pd) that specimen can bear when the bond performance of it begins to seriously deteriorate, and the corresponding load coefficient (α) were proposed. Recommendations for α values were provided for structures with varying safety levels, suggesting values of 73.41% for high safety and 70.59% for low safety, emphasizing that α should not fall below 70.59% under any circumstances. Besides, the influence of different design parameters on damage-dissipation ratio (Wc/Wb) under Pd was analyzed further. Notably, Wc/Wb decreases with increasing steel fiber volume rate (ρsf), with ρsf = 2% identified as optimal. Additionally, Wc/Wb shows a decreasing trend with the increase of Css/D (concrete cover thickness to equivalent diameter ratio), and the decreasing trend is significantly enhanced when Css/D > 0.2.
•A new type of SFRCES composite column structure was introduced.•Based on load-displacement curve, the values of energy dissipation and energy damage were obtained.•Proposing the degradation load (Pd) and the corresponding load prediction coefficient (α).•Suggestions for the values of α were given, 70.59% ≤ α ≤ 73.41%.•The design parameters of the test piece were optimized.
This study aimed to evaluate and compare the mechanical properties of dental training teeth with subtractive and additive computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) materials used ...to fabricate dental simulation models. Therefore, the three-axis load generated during cutting movements, including drilling and milling performed using a dental handpiece, was measured and compared. The samples were cut vertically downward by 1.5 mm, horizontally by 6 mm, and vertically upward at a constant speed (1 mm/s), while the rotational speed of the bur was maintained at 200,000 rotations per minute. A three-axis load cell was used to measure the X-, Y-, and Z-axis loads on the specimen. The median value of the X-, Y-, and Z-axis measurements and the resultant load during the vertical-downward, horizontal, and vertical-upward movements were compared using a one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc test. For vertical downward movement, the drilling force of the dental training teeth was lower than that of Vita Enamic® and similar to that of Lava™ Ultimate. In contrast to subtractive CAD/CAM blocks, the drilling force of the dental training teeth was higher than that of 3D-printed resin blocks. Regarding horizontal movement, the milling force of dental training teeth was lower than that of Vita Enamic®. In contrast, the milling force of Nissin was similar to that of Lava™ Ultimate, while that of Frasaco was lower. Furthermore, compared to additive CAD/CAM blocks, the milling force of the dental training teeth was higher than that of 3D-printed resin blocks. Regarding vertical upward movement, the resultant loads of dental training teeth was lower than that of Vita Enamic®. Similarly, the resultant load of Nissin was similar to that of Lava™ Ultimate, while that of Frasaco was lower. Additionally, compared to additive CAD/CAM blocks, the resultant loads of the dental training teeth were similar to those of the 3D-printed resin blocks.
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