"Normally only a socio-political revolution would bring about a change of name," according to cultural geographer Yi-Fu Tuan, because people recognize that a new name "has the power to wipe out the ...past and call forth the new." In crafting these "replacement narratives," O'Brien reveals how place naming, among other.strategies, was used in service of relegating Indians to the past, making them already erased or readily replaced.3 Yet, place names (toponyms) often go unnoticed, appearing to be "ideologically innocent" rather than "power-charged semiotic dynamos for making meaning about places." ...the more popular and widely held belief as to why Jerusalem was renamed dates back to 1888 when the Atlantic and Danville railroad was completed and residents could ride the train to Norfolk to shop, according to Southampton County Historical Society Vice President Kitty Futrell. Racialized violence in Danville occurred in a region that had experienced a violent slave uprising and retaliatory violence just fifty years earlier. In these depictions, he was variously "a martyr to the freedom of his race," a prophet who foretold his own death, "one of the greatest emancipators of the nineteenth century," and the instigator of the first key strike against slavery that had paved the way for the Civil War.
Societal Security and Total Defense Sundelius, Bengt; Eldeblad, Jan
Prism (Washington, D.C.),
01/2023, Letnik:
10, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Sweden has experienced fundamental security changes since 2014, when Russia annexed Crimea and intruded into eastern Ukraine. Like those of the other nations in the region, Swedish political leaders ...have responded to this development by placing greater emphasis on defense and security issues, taking measures including significant additions to the defense budget. Total defense planning was reintroduced in 2015, and the conscript system, now for both men and women, was reactivated in 2017. In addition to continuing concerns about new terror attacks, political debate has focused on Russian behavior and on the potential damage of so-called hybrid attacks on Swedish society, including cyber activities and social media campaigns. Further heavy investments in national defense have been made in light of the Russian attack on Ukraine in Feb 2022. The rearmament of the total defense forces has also been accelerated, to reach higher levels more quickly than previously planned.
When Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan grasped the hand of Egypt's President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi at November's opening of the soccer World Cup in Qatar, jaws dropped from Doha to Cairo, and ...from Luxor to Ankara. The Turkish leader had supported the Muslim Brotherhood (MB) government in Egypt-and even adopted the MB's four-finger salute after el-Sisi's troops killed hundreds of MB supporters in August 2013. He had spent years slamming el-Sisi and his military rule. Yet this enormous U-turn was only one of several undertaken by Erdogan recently, with peace overtures also now underway to President Bashar al-Assad in Syria and the government of newly re-elected Prime Minister Binyamin Netanyahu in Israel. For many, what lies behind these expected and unexpected developments is a single event: the June 2023 presidential and parliamentary elections. Widely described as the most significant in two decades, the balloting will pitch Erdogan and his AKP/MHP coalition against a collection of opposition parties, who have their best chance in years of taking office.
Using data for Dutch municipal elections between 1998 and 2018, this paper finds two dominant trends: more political fragmentation and increasing electoral success of independent local parties. The ...relative size of local parties in the council rises from 25% in 1998 to 37% in 2018 and the relative share of their aldermen from 21% to 32%. When understanding the increasing share of local parties, the number of inhabitants, regional diversity, the share of elderly people and the election year dummies are important explanations. Looking at the changes after large decentralisations, also indications for a welfare hypothesis were found, if fixed effects are included. Following an empirical approach for AfD in local elections in German state of Lower Saxony, the impact of the anti-establishment Freedom Party on contesting local parties was analysed and this influence turned out to be small. This also gives an indication that Dutch local parties are becoming more established.
New Leader of Japan-SDGs Ichiro, Fujisaki
Asia-Pacific review,
07/2021, Letnik:
28, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Although the Suga Yoshihide administration recorded several achievements, including an accelerated vaccination program, it ended after one year. That his administration was short-lived could be ...attributed to the loss of Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) candidates in many local elections. After Suga stepped down, Kishida Fumio was elected LDP leader in a four-way competition. Following the general elections in October 2021 in which the LDP maintained a comfortable majority, Kishida was re-elected prime minister by both Houses of the Diet. This essay analyzes the currently held impression of Kishida and explores how his image may change depending on domestic and foreign policy formulated and implemented during his administration.
Bringing Us to Our Knees Spicer, John
Anglican and Episcopal history,
03/2024, Letnik:
93, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
On the square is a marker from 1972 - an open book in bronze titled "History of Springfield Public Square" listing significant dates and events. Three Black men had served on Springfield's City ...Council in the years after the Fifteenth Amendment of 1870, and three had served on the school board (including one at the time of the lynching).4 There were 519 Black voters in Springfield in 1906, and their votes in early April led to the election of a Republican to replace the Democratic police chief, an election decided by 275 votes.5 But Springfield's Black residents faced threats from the past and the present. Missouri had been a slave state, and its governor called out the state militia to fight against the Union at the start of the Civil War. ...in December 1905, two Black men were arrested for the murder of a Springfield White man, and in January 1906, a Black man was arrested for the murder of a former Confederate soldier, C.P. Roark.6 With the stage set for racist violence, local Black leaders called a meeting of the Black community at the county courthouse, where they issued a resolution condemning violence and pledging to honor law and order, hoping to calm rising White anger.7 The last thing Springfield needed was dropped into this tinderbox: a burning ember of a play, The Clansman.
Proponents of homeownership policies often argue that homeowners participate more actively in community life and civic affairs than renters. Although research suggests higher rates of participation ...among homeowners, the underlying mechanisms driving this relationship are unclear. On one hand, the locally dependent financial investments homeowners make in their communities could lead them to participate as a means of protecting their principal investment. On the other hand, homeownership could stimulate participation by increasing residential stability, enabling households to overcome the institutional barriers and to develop the social networks that drive community participation. The failure to differentiate between these pathways muddies our understanding of how homeownership matters for community life. Drawing on the November supplement of the Current Population Survey, this article investigates whether homeowners are more likely to vote in local elections, participate in neighborhood groups and join civic associations. A falsification strategy compares these outcomes to a set of placebo measures to address concerns that the findings are driven by selection. The research identifies an independent role for residential stability and locally dependent financial investments in explaining why homeowners participate in their communities.
Abstract
The goal of this paper is to study the electoral impact of crisis management policies. With this aim, we exploit a natural experiment during the COVID-19 pandemic in France to evaluate the ...effect of the lockdown on voting behaviour. In particular, the country has been divided in two areas, red and green, subject to a ‘hard’ and a ‘soft’ lockdown, respectively. To measure voting behaviour, before and after the policy, we rely on the 2020 French municipal elections: the first round took place before the introduction of the restrictions, while the second round was delayed after the end of the lockdown. We estimate a spatial regression-discontinuity-design model comparing electoral outcomes around the border of red and green areas both in the second round and between the two electoral rounds. The main results suggest that lockdown regulations significantly affected voting outcomes. First, in localities under a harder lockdown, the incumbent’s vote share is higher. Second, voter turnout is larger where more stringent restrictions are adopted. These results suggest that lockdown policy mobilizes citizens and leads them to rally around the incumbent politicians.
We report on a large-scale (randomized) field experiment we designed and conducted to assess ATMs’ (automatic teller machines) capacity to “get out the vote”. This is a heretofore unexploited method ...of voter mobilization. Our experimental design used the full universe of functioning ATMs in Portugal, which benefits from a sophisticated world class system, with wide national coverage. We randomly selected a set of treatment civil parishes, where a civic message took over the totality of ad time in ATMs, which we compare with a set of control civil parishes where advertisements ran as usual. The ATM campaign we follow was active for three days immediately before and during the 2017 local elections in Portugal. When we consider the intensity of treatment, for both the entire campaign period and the weekend, results show a statistically significant increase in the likelihood of voting. All three proxies for treatment intensity we employ deliver robust positive coefficients. Placebo tests using turnout rates in previous elections do not show significant coefficients, strengthening our interpretation of the experimental results.
In recent years, a sizeable literature on subnational authoritarian regimes in democracies has emerged. In some countries local authoritarian enclaves have persisted despite the democratization of ...politics at the national level. Even more intriguing, new subnational authoritarian regimes have emerged in the context of national level democratization. Finally, scholars have noted that there is considerable variance in subnational authoritarian regime durability between and within countries. This article will examine why subnational authoritarian regimes have not emerged in Indonesia. Arguably, the difficulties of subnational elites to concentrate control over local economies; the high economic autonomy of voters; and the rigid institutional framework of Indonesia's decentralized unitary state have inhibited the rise of durable subnational authoritarian regimes in the world's third largest democracy. One of the first studies on subnational authoritarian regimes in a decentralized unitary state, the article engages and informs the broader literature on subnational authoritarian regimes.
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