The “Euro-leaf” organic certification logo was adopted and made compulsory by the European Union (EU) a few years ago; the level of consumers’ recognition of this logo has been explored. This paper ...provides important insights into the effectiveness of the logo in the Greek market. The “Euro-leaf” logo was compared with the two previous EU organic logos; i.e., the voluntary “Organic Farming” and the withdrawn “Bio”. In total, 472 face-to-face interviews were conducted using actual presentations of five officially certified food products. The aim of this research was to investigate the consumers’ willingness-to-buy (WTB), willingness-to-pay (WTP), and their preference towards each of the three logos used for the certification of organic products. Our analysis concludes that for the time being the new logo has failed to develop into a powerful instrument for affecting consumers’ WTB and WTP. Furthermore, it was found to have been the least influential factor that determined their preferences. Design changes and improvements might be necessary in order to better communicate the organic food message.
This study aims to broaden knowledge about the effects of green (environmentally responsible) advertising images on consumer behavior in the context of the hotel industry. A 5 (ad type: non-green vs. ...green with text vs. green with logos vs. green with visuals vs. green with the combination of all) × 2 (hotel segment: luxury vs. budget) between-subjects experimental design was developed. The purpose of this research, within the foundations of dual coding theory, is to investigate the influence of different types of green (textual, visual, green certification logos, and combination of all) versus non-green ads on advertising effectiveness operationalized as attitude toward the ad (AAd), attitude toward the hotel (AHot), and purchase intention (PI) for budget and luxury hotel segments while controlling the effects of environmental involvement. The results demonstrate that green text, green certification logo, green with visual cues, and green combination ads were more effective than non-green ads in terms of AAd, attitude toward the brand, or PI. The study also reveals that the effectiveness of green hotel ads will vary with the budget and luxury hotels as the results provide encouraging results for luxury hotels to increase ad effectiveness via using green certification in their advertising strategy. Overall, the findings provide implications for budget and luxury hotels in terms of designing green and sustainability messages in their communication strategies.
To evaluate the utility of three validated food responsiveness scales in measuring recall of, and responsiveness to, food marketing exposure on social media.
Cross-sectional survey among adolescents ...and adults who used the social media platform Twitch.tv (Twitch). Responsiveness to food marketing was self-reported as craving or purchasing any brands participants observed on Twitch. Participants completed three validated scales of food responsiveness: the revised 18-question Three Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ), the external eating subscale of the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ) and the External Food Cue Responsiveness (EFCR) scale. Adjusted linear regression models assessed the predictive ability of each scale on recall and responsiveness outcomes.
Online survey.
Five hundred and sixty-eight Twitch users (90·1 % male, 60·6 % White, 43·7 % aged 18-24, 25·9 % under 18).
In separate adjusted linear regression models, scores on the TFEQ were not related to any outcome, while DEBQ scores related to product cravings (OR: 1·10, 95 % CI 1·01, 1·19,
= 0·02). In contrast, scores on the EFCR scale were significantly associated with higher brand recall (incident rate ratio: 1·42, 95 % CI 1·20, 1·68,
< 0·001), product craving (OR: 3·93, 95 % CI 2·22, 7·17,
< 0·001) and purchasing behaviour (OR: 3·97, 95 % CI 1·99, 8·26,
< 0·001). A subset of three EFCR scale items related to influencer marketing were similarly associated with each outcome with greater precision in the point estimates than the overall EFCR.
The EFCR scale predicted recall of and responsiveness to food marketing via Twitch, suggesting its utility in monitoring the effects of food marketing on social media.
Evidence of the causal role of marketing in the tobacco epidemic and the advent of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control have inspired more than half the countries in the world to ban some ...forms of tobacco marketing. This paper briefly describes the ways in which cigarette marketing is restricted and the tobacco industry's efforts to subvert restrictions. It reviews what is known about the impact of marketing regulations on smoking by adults and adolescents. It also addresses what little is known about the impact of marketing bans in relation to concurrent population-level interventions, such as price controls, anti-tobacco media campaigns and smoke-free laws. Point of sale is the least regulated channel and research is needed to address the immediate and long-term consequences of policies to ban retail advertising and pack displays. Comprehensive marketing restrictions require a global ban on all forms of promotion, elimination of packaging and price as marketing tools, and limitations on the quantity, type and location of tobacco retailers.
Purpose
Digital technologies are changing the ways in which the meanings and identity of both consumers and brands are constructed. This research aims to extend knowledge of how consumer-made ...“selfie” images shared in social media might contribute to the destabilization of brands as assemblages.
Design/methodology/approach
Insights are drawn from a critical visual content analysis of three popular champagne brand accounts and consumer-made selfies featuring these brands in Instagram.
Findings
This study shows how brands and branded selves intersect through “heterotopian selfie practices”. Accentuated by the rise of attention economy and “consumer microcelebrity”, the authors argue that these proliferating selfie images can destabilize spatial, temporal, symbolic and material properties of brand assemblages.
Practical implications
The implications include a consideration of how selfie practices engender new challenges for brand design and brand management.
Originality/value
This study illustrates how a brand assemblage approach can guide investigations of brands at multiple scales of analysis. In particular, this paper extends knowledge of visual brand-related user-generated content in terms of how consumers express, visualize and share selfies and how the heterotopian quality of this sharing consequently shapes brand assemblages.
In February 2020, Canada implemented plain packaging without any changes to the size and content of health warning labels (HWLs), which were last updated in 2012 (pictorial HWLs on 75% of the pack ...front and back). This pre-post evaluation study assessed the impact of plain packaging in Canada on: (1) pack appeal; (2) HWL effectiveness; and (3) support for plain packaging. Additionally, a quasi-experimental design was used to assess the Canadian results relative to two comparator countries: Australia, where plain packaging (with new larger HWLs) was implemented in 2012, and the United States (USA), where plain packaging has not been implemented and the same text warnings have appeared on cigarette packs since 1985.
Data are from adult smokers who participated in the 2018 and/or 2020 International Tobacco Control Smoking and Vaping Surveys in Canada (n=4600), Australia (n=1834) and the USA (n=3046). Online surveys were conducted before (February to July 2018) and after (February to June 2020) the implementation of plain packaging in Canada. Adjusted regression analyses were conducted on weighted data.
Plain packaging was associated with a significant increase in the percentage of Canadian smokers who did not like the look of their cigarette pack (2018: 28.6% vs 2020: 44.7%, p<0.001), whereas no change in pack appeal was observed among smokers in Australia and the USA over the same period. Plain packaging was not associated with changes in HWL effectiveness in Canada. Support for plain packaging increased significantly among Canadian smokers (2018: 25.6% vs 2020: 33.7%, p<0.001).
Plain packaging in Canada substantially reduced pack appeal and increased support for the policy among adult smokers; however, there was no increase in the effectiveness of Canada's 8-year-old HWLs. The impact of plain packaging on health warning effectiveness may depend on the design of the warnings and length of time since implementation.
This investigation is included in the doctoral program in Plastic Arts, specialization in Painting, from the Fine Arts School in the Lisbon University. It intends to investigate, in a theoretical and ...practical way, the personal identity in contemporaneity. The text tries to discern several aspects relating to different questionings and perceptions about the «self».Its main purpose is to analyze how those perceptions have repercussions on my creative process, specifically in relation to the self-representation, starting from the series of paintings of self-portraits named Heads: autopsy of a pictorial process. The text presents how the individual, with a stable feeling of his identity and place in the order of things; centred, unified and equal to himself – that emerged in the Modern Age – is being rearranged in our days, and how those circumstances interfere and taint the theoretical and practical fields, and relate to the exploratory /creative process. In other words, the point is to divert the attention from what it would be the «true essence» of the existential subject, to invest in the permanent learning process of new forms of being, by means of the egological-hermeneutic synthesis that allows the individual to re-elaborate his subjective contents and, thus, to differentiate his own singularity, though considered in a different way, by the intensification of the processes of social interaction; which demands to absorb the plasticity needed to the actualizations of the multiple sides of the self, in an unique, multiple and integrated time; to internalize the subject that builds himself from a feeling that assumes the identity as multiplicity, and to find, through the art, new meanings for himself and for life. These are subjective approaches that permit improvisations, ruptures and fragmentations, born in the dialogue between memory, the mentalities of the paintings and the world, the body and its shadow, and the travels. This facilitates the frictions, the conflicts and the differences, in on hand, inherent to the creation and the artistic doing; on the other hand, equivalent to the personal and interpersonal processes of leaving the centre, diversification, dilution and multiplicity that characterize the «new» human condition, named post-modern. It's this supposed meeting, this eventual logic between the subjectivist and hermeneutic approach of «painting and photograph realizations» – examined from the production of the series of works proposed as Study Object – and an objective and theoretical approach of the post-modern condition, of the «multiple and integrated» subject, that defines my hypothesis.
The CNN have achieved excellent performance in basic computer vision issues, such as, recognition and detection. However, the CNN is still an immature method, especially on multi-output ...classification. In traditional machine learning, the classic solution is MTL. The MTL was proposed early and has been an active topic. But, joint research on MTL and CNN are rarely mentioned. Fortunately, there is a successful integration of MTL and NN. And CNN is a typical NN. Especially, CNN is designed for computer vision. Based on the above situation, the mainly contributions of this thesis is the following three parts. Firstly, MTL and CNN is applied to face occlusion detection. This is the first time that MTL and CNN is used for detecting occluded face. The framework adopted the coarse-to-fine strategy, which consists of two CNNs. The first net is a region-based CNN detecting the head from a person upper body image while the second net is a multi-task CNN distinguishing which facial part is occluded from a head image. The experiment results prove that CNN can be integrated with MTL well. Secondly, MTL and CNN is used to jointly recognize vehicle logos and predict their attributes. In view of improving the performance of tasks, two MTL schemes, namely the adaptive weighted task learning and the switchable task learning, are proposed. To verify the algorithm, a large and realistic vehicle logo attributes dataset is prepared, which includes fifteen brands, labeled with six visual attributes and three no-visual attributes. Extensive experiments are conducted in two scenarios, equal priority learning and unequal priority learning, with promising accuracies. Thirdly, we propose a principled approach to design a evolutional tree-like multi-task deep learning framework which can be conveniently connected behind any well-known multi-class classification network and further improve their performance. Our approach starts with a basic multi-class deep architecture and dynamically deepens it during training using a criterion that groups similar tasks together. Extensive evaluation on multi-class classification datasets (MNIST and Cifar10) and multi-label prediction datasets (Berkeley Attributes of People dataset and CelebA) suggests that the models produced by the proposed method outperforms the strong baseline.
O presente relatório tem como problemática a avaliação de desempenho. Neste sentido, o objetivo geral passou por construir e implementar uma proposta de um sistema de avaliação de desempenho para os ...trabalhadores de uma organização.A avaliação de desempenho, como política e prática da Gestão de Recursos Humanos, identifica necessidades de formação e possibilita uma gestão do desempenho de cada trabalhador, permitindo a este um desenvolvimento de competências e um contínuo crescimento pessoal e profissional. Portanto, a avaliação de desempenho acarreta vários benefícios quer para a organização, quer para a Gestão de Recursos Humanos, quer para o trabalhador, assumindo assim um papel fundamental em qualquer organização.Ao longo deste relatório evidenciamos os pressupostos teóricos que contribuíram para o enquadramento da problemática e para o processo de investigação/intervenção. Nesta investigação, utilizamos o método Estudo de Caso e várias técnicas de recolha e análise de dados. O caso em estudo foi o processo de avaliação de desempenho dos trabalhadores da organização.Os resultados revelam que a perceção que os trabalhadores têm sobre a avaliação de desempenho é positiva, uma vez que têm consciência que esta contribui para o seu desenvolvimento profissional e, por isso, consideram que deveria ser feita mais vezes.
O objetivo deste estudo centra-se na análise da imagem de Guimarães enquanto destino turístico e no papel desempenhado pela DMO Câmara Municipal de Guimarães, para aferição da imagem face à ...concorrência de destinos a nível nacional e medir o nível de satisfação dos turistas relativamente aos atributos da cidade de Guimarães.No sentido de alcançar os objetivos foram realizados dois estudos. Um estudo com enfoque qualitativo através de entrevista à representante da Câmara Municipal de Guimarães, e um estudo com enfoque quantitativo e misto através da realização de um questionário com questões fechadas e três perguntas abertas baseadas na metodologia Echtner & Ritchie (1993, 2003) aplicados a uma amostra de 255 turistas que visitaram Guimarães no verão de 2018.O resultado do primeiro estudo na perspetiva da oferta incide na mais valia do centro histórico reconhecido pela UNESCO conjugando a caraterística única associada à identidade nacional, e a complementaridade com cidades próximas.O perfil do turista do estudo dois é incide principalmente em mulheres entre os 21 e 50 anos, trabalhadoras por conta de outrem provenientes de Espanha, Portugal e França acompanhadas pela família ou companheiro, visitam Guimarães para turismo, maioritariamente com a duração de um dia.Os atributos mais valorizados são a cultura, atrações naturais, destino único, património da humanidade, tranquilidade, gastronomia e segurança com uma pontuação superior a quatro e meio numa escala de um a cinco, e as caraterísticas únicas a cidade berço da história de Portugal, a limpeza, o centro histórico, a tranquilidade e os monumentos.Esta investigação tem como limitação a recolha da amostra apenas no período de época alta, apresentando a sugestão de em estudos futuros seja feita a recolha em vários períodos do ano.Possibilidade de análise dos resultados e conclusões do estudo por entidades ligadas à gestão do turismo. Palavras-chave: desenvolvimento de destinos turísticos, imagem de destinos turísticos, posicionamento, Destination Management Organizations (DMO), Guimarães
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