Regulation of Risk Basu Bal, Abhinayan; Rajput, Trisha; Argüello, Gabriela ...
2022, 2023
eBook, Book
Odprti dostop
Regulation of Risk provides comprehensive insight into regulation of risk in transport, trade and environment. Contributions provide national, regional and international perspectives on pressing ...questions: How is risk conceived in light of novel technological deployment, climate change, political upheaval, evolving geopolitics, and the COVID-19 pandemic? What legal tools such as contractual frameworks and governance structures are available to manage the changing landscape of risk? This book highlights the importance of dialogue and collaborative decision-making on risk between policymakers, institutions, societal stakeholders and the scientific community.
Taking climate-smart governance to the high seas Santos, Catarina Frazão; Agardy, Tundi; Brooks, Cassandra ...
Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science),
2024-May-17, Letnik:
384, Številka:
6697
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Comprehensive spatial planning in international waters is key to achieving ocean sustainability.
What is maritime security? Bueger, Christian
Marine policy,
March 2015, 2015-03-00, 20150301, Letnik:
53
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Maritime security is one of the latest buzzwords of international relations. Major actors have started to include maritime security in their mandate or reframed their work in such terms. Maritime ...security is a term that draws attention to new challenges and rallies support for tackling these. Yet, no international consensus over the definition of maritime security has emerged. Buzzwords allow for the international coordination of actions, in the absence of consensus. These, however, also face the constant risk that disagreements and political conflict are camouflaged. Since there are little prospects of defining maritime security once and for all, frameworks by which one can identify commonalities and disagreements are needed. This article proposes three of such frameworks. Maritime security can first be understood in a matrix of its relation to other concepts, such as marine safety, seapower, blue economy and resilience. Second, the securitization framework allows to study how maritime threats are made and which divergent political claims these entail in order to uncover political interests and divergent ideologies. Third, security practice theory enables the study of what actors actually do when they claim to enhance maritime security. Together these frameworks allow for the mapping of maritime security.
•The concept of maritime security has no definite meaning.•Strategies of mapping the meaning of maritime security are introduced.•Approaches from security studies can illuminate the meaning of maritime security for different actors.•A research agenda of mapping maritime security is outlined.
This volume discusses the effects of industrialization on maritime trade, labour and communities in the Mediterranean and Black Sea from the 1850s to the 1920s. The 17 essays are based on new ...evidence from multiple type of primary sources on the transition from sail to steam navigation, written in a variety of languages, Italian, Spanish, French, Greek, Russian and Ottoman. Questions that arise in the book include the labour conditions, wages, career and retirement of seafarers, the socio-economic and spatial transformations of the maritime communities and the changes in the patterns of operation, ownership and management in the shipping industry with the advent of steam navigation. The book offers a comparative analysis of the above subjects across the Mediterranean, while also proposes unexplored themes in current scholarship like the history of navigation. Contributors are: Luca Lo Basso, Andrea Zappia, Leonardo Scavino, Daniel Muntane, Eduard Page Campos, Enric Garcia Domingo, Katerina Galani, Alkiviadis Kapokakis, Petros Kastrinakis, Kalliopi Vasilaki, Pavlos Fafalios, Georgios Samaritakis, Kostas Petrakis, Korina Doerr, Athina Kritsotaki, Anastasia Axaridou, and Martin Doerr.
The use of technology and international law in marine policy is becoming increasingly vital as we seek to address the challenges facing our oceans. Technology has revolutionized our ability to ...monitor, understand, and manage marine ecosystems, providing valuable tools for data collection, analysis, and decision-making. International law, ocean governance ensuring marine environment represented by the frameworks such as the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), plays a crucial role in governing the use of technology and establishing guidelines for the sustainable management of marine resources. This paper explores the intersection of technology and international law in marine policy, highlighting the transformative impact of technology on our understanding of the oceans and the legal frameworks that shape our approach to marine conservation. It examines the benefits of technology in enabling evidence-based decision-making and fostering international collaboration, while also addressing the legal and regulatory complexities that arise. The paper emphasizes the need for ongoing dialogue and the development of international legal frameworks to adapt to emerging technologies and discourse ethical considerations, and by harnessing the power of technology and international law, we can work towards effective marine policies that ensure the conservation and sustainable use of our oceans for future generations.
This study presents a deep learning framework to support regional ship behavior prediction using historical AIS data. The framework is meant to aid in proactive collision avoidance, in order to ...enhance the safety of maritime transportation systems. In this study, it is suggested to decompose the historical ship behavior in a given geographical region into clusters. Each cluster will contain trajectories with similar behavior characteristics. For each unique cluster, the method generates a local model to describe the local behavior in the cluster. In this manner, higher fidelity predictions can be facilitated compared to training a model on all available historical behavior. The study suggests to cluster historical trajectories using a variational recurrent autoencoder and the Hierarchical Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise algorithm. The past behavior of a selected vessel is then classified to the most likely clusters of behavior based on the softmax distribution. Each local model consists of a sequence-to-sequence model with attention. When utilizing the deep learning framework, a user inputs the past trajectory of a selected vessel, and the framework outputs the most likely future trajectories. The model was evaluated using a geographical region as a test case, with successful results.
•This study presents a deep learning framework to enhance maritime safety.•The framework leverages historical AIS data to predict future ship behavior.•The approach decomposes historical ship behavior into local behavior models.•Such models are of enhanced fidelity, supporting proactive collision avoidance.•The model was evaluated on a geographical region, with successful results.
Ocean- and coastal-based economic activities are increasingly recognised as key drivers for supporting global economies. This move towards the “blue economy” is becoming globally widespread, with the ...recognition that if ocean-based activities are to be sustainable, they will need to move beyond solely extractive and exploitative endeavours, aligning more closely with marine conservation and effective marine spatial planning. In this paper we define the “blue economy” as a “platform for strategic, integrated and participatory coastal and ocean development and protection that incorporates a low carbon economy, the ecosystem approach and human well-being through advancing regional industries, services and activities”. In Peru, while the seas contribute greatly to the national economy, the full potential of the blue economy has yet to be realised. This paper presents the findings of an early career scientist workshop in Lima, Peru, in March 2016. The workshop “Advancing Green Growth in Peru” brought together researchers to identify challenges and opportunities for green growth across three Peruvian economic sectors—tourism, transport and the blue economy with this paper exploring in detail the priorities generated from the “blue economy” stream. These priorities include themes such as marine spatial planning, detailed evaluations of existing maritime industries (e.g. guano collection and fisheries), development of an effective MPA network, support for sustainable coastal tourism, and better inclusion of social science disciplines in understanding societal and political support for a Peruvian blue economy. In addition, the paper discusses the research requirements associated with these priorities. While not a comprehensive list, these priorities provide a starting point for future dialogue on a co-ordinated scientific platform supporting the blue growth agenda in Peru, and in other regions working towards a successful “blue economy”.
Maritime traffic is increasing globally, with a four-fold increase in commercial vessel movements between 1992 and 2012. Vessels contribute to noise and air pollution, provide pathways for non-native ...species, and collide with marine wildlife. While knowledge of shipping trends and potential environmental impacts exists at both local and global levels, key information on vessel density for regional-scale management is lacking. This study presents the first in-depth spatio-temporal analysis of shipping in the north-east Atlantic region, over three years in a five-year period. Densities increased by 34%, including in 73% of Marine Protected Areas. Western Scotland and the Bay of Biscay experienced the largest increases in vessel density, predominantly from small and slow vessels. Given well-documented impacts that shipping can have on the marine environment, it is crucial that this situation continues to be monitored – particularly in areas designated to protect vulnerable species and ecosystems which may already be under pressure.
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•Shipping densities are increasing in the north-east Atlantic.•Densities increased by 34% over five years.•Densities increased in 73% of Marine Protected Areas.•This has implications for noise exposure, and collision risk to marine wildlife.
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