Shipping industry continues to support the development of world trade and globalization of logistics network. Maritime safety has a direct bearing on human life, property and health of the marine ...environment, therefore, safety has always been the focus of maritime transportation. Total-loss marine accidents present the most serious accident type, which is therefore crucial for decision-making and guidance on rational safety resource allocation to analyze and evaluate its influential factors. This paper selects the data on the total-loss marine accidents that occurred in the world from 1998 to 2018, involving 16 ship types and 13 main navigation sea regions. Based on an improved entropy weight-TOPSIS model, the results show that in the both models with respect to ship type and sea region, the main influential factors are foundering, stranding and fires/explosions. This paper aims to aid the relevant maritime safety authorities such as the International Maritime Organization and ship owners/operators to take effective risk control actions to avoid/reduce the occurrence of total-loss marine accidents in future.
•Total-loss accident governance is very important for ocean and maritime safety.•Factors influencing total-loss accidents are explored.•An entropy weight-TOPSIS model for total-loss accident evaluation is developed.•Historical data analysis provides decision-making basis for stakeholders.
This book changes our understanding of the Roman conceptions about the sea by placing the focus on shipwrecks as events that act as bridges between the sea and the land. The study explores the ...different Roman legal definitions of these spaces, and how individuals of divergent legal statuses interacted within these areas. Its main purpose is to chart and analyse the Roman conception of the maritime landscape from the Late Republican until the Severan period. This book integrates maritime history and ethnography with the physical remains of past maritime systems, such as shipwrecks, ports, villages, fortifications, and documented legal rulings.
This paper presents a fuzzy approach for the MAritime RISk Assessment (MARISA) applied to safety at sea. The aim of this work is to define automatically an individual ship risk factor which could be ...used in a decision making system. To achieve this purpose, a modular and hierarchical structure using fuzzy logic has been developed. It allows us to obtain a fuzzy risk factor (FRF) composed of a static risk factor (SRF) and a dynamic risk factor (DRF). The static risk factor assessment takes into account several static data relative to the ship (age, flag, gross tonnage, number of companies, duration of detention and type). The dynamic risk factor is evaluated by considering the meteorological conditions (sea state, wind speed and visibility) and the moment of the day. Moreover, the MARISA graphic interface developed with the Labview software is presented. This interface allows several simulations to be carried out to validate the fuzzy method proposed. Simulation results are presented.
► We highlight the role of ship speed in maritime transportation with respect to both economics and environment. ► We survey models in the maritime transportation literature that embed ship speed as ...a decision variable. ► We develop a taxonomy of these models according to several parameters. ► We place speed in the context of current developments.
International shipping accounts for 2.7% of worldwide CO2 emissions, and measures to curb future emissions growth are sought with a high sense of urgency. With the increased quest for greener shipping, reducing the speed of ships has obtained an increased role as one of the measures to be applied toward that end. Already speed has been important for economic reasons, as it is a key determinant of fuel cost, a significant component of the operating cost of ships. Moreover, speed is an important parameter of the overall logistical operation of a shipping company and of the overall supply chain and may directly or indirectly impact fleet size, ship size, cargo inventory costs and shippers’ balance sheets. Changes in ship speed may also induce modal shifts, if cargo can choose other modes because they are faster. However, as emissions are directly proportional to fuel consumed, speed is also very much connected with the environmental dimension of shipping. So when shipping markets are in a depressed state and “slow-steaming” is the prevalent practice for economic reasons, an important side benefit is reduced emissions. In fact there are many indications that this practice, very much applied these days, will be the norm in the future. This paper presents a survey of speed models in maritime transportation, that is, models in which speed is one of the decision variables. A taxonomy of such models is also presented, according to a set of parameters.
Demonstrating the wide variation among complex
hunter-gatherer communities in coastal settings
This book explores the forms and trajectories of social
complexity among fisher-hunter-gatherers who ...lived in coastal,
estuarine, and riverine settings in precolumbian North America.
Through case studies from several different regions and
intellectual traditions, the contributors to this volume
collectively demonstrate remarkable variation in the circumstances
and histories of complex hunter-gatherers in maritime
environments.
The volume draws on archaeological research from the North
Pacific and Alaska, the Pacific Northwest coast and interior, the
California Channel Islands, and the southeastern U.S. and Florida.
Contributors trace complex social configurations through
monumentality, ceremonialism, territoriality, community
organization, and trade and exchange. They show that while factors
such as boat travel, patterns of marine and riverine resource
availability, and sedentism and village formation are common
unifying threads across the continent, these factors manifest in
historically contingent ways in different contexts.
Fisher-Hunter-Gatherer Complexity in North America
offers specific, substantive examples of change and transformation
in these communities, emphasizing the wide range of complexity
among them. It considers the use of the term complex
hunter-gatherer and what these case studies show about the
value and limitations of the concept, adding nuance to an ongoing
conversation in the field.
Contributors: J. Matthew Compton | C. Trevor
Duke | Mikael Fauvelle | Caroline Funk | Colin Grier | Ashley
Hampton | Bobbi Hornbeck | Christopher S. Jazwa | Tristram R.
Kidder | Isabelle H. Lulewicz | Jennifer E. Perry | Christina Perry
Sampson | Thomas J. Pluckhahn | Anna Marie Prentiss | Scott D.
Sunell | Ariel Taivalkoski | Victor D. Thompson | Alexandra
Williams-Larson
A volume in the series Society and Ecology in Island and Coastal
Archaeology, edited by Victor D. Thompson and Scott M.
Fitzpatrick
Transboundary cooperation is viewed as an essential element of Marine Spatial Planning (MSP). While much of the MSP literature focuses on the need for, and benefits of, transboundary MSP, this paper ...explores the political and institutional factors that may facilitate the effective transition to such an approach. Drawing on transboundary planning theory and practice, key contextual factors that are likely to expedite the transition to transboundary MSP are reviewed. These include: policy convergence in neighbouring jurisdictions; prior experience of transboundary planning; and good working relations amongst key actors. Based on this review, an assessment of the conditions for transboundary MSP in the adjoining waters of Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland is undertaken. A number of recommendations are then advanced for transboundary MSP on the island of Ireland, including, the need to address the role of formal transboundary institutions and the lack of an agreed legal maritime boundary. The paper concludes with some commentary on the political realities of implementing transboundary MSP.
•A framework to explore contextual factors for transboundary MSP is developed.•A common conceptualisation of MSP is apparent in both jurisdiction.•Potential for transboundary MSP, though number of issues remain.•Need to address issue surrounding existing transboundary institutions.•Sub-national institutions may contribute to transboundary MSP.
The safety of maritime environments in context with effective and secure wireless communication networks is required for ships, coastal stations, and maritime authorities. The dynamic nature of ...marine environments, where ships traverse vast and unpredictable expanses of oceans and seas, presents big challenges to safety and risk management. Wireless communication technology is widely employed in maritime activities for communication via ocean networks and underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs). Maintaining the safety of the maritime environment, effective anomaly detection, prompt risk mitigation, and real-time communication becomes more difficult due to its dynamic nature. International trade and transportation are facilitated by the maritime industry. In addition to protecting lives and averting environmental disasters, maritime safety is important for maintaining the effectiveness and dependability of shipping routes. To handle the intricacies of maritime safety, this work proposes a novel preventive framework for anomaly detection and risk management in Maritime Wireless Communications (MWC). The proposed framework is based on edge computing and machine learning models. The framework makes use of edge computing technology to process data locally, lowering latency and enabling real-time communication in maritime environments. A proactive safety approach has been adopted to ensure the well-being of seafarers, safeguard vessels, and protect the marine environment. As maritime cybersecurity threats continue to evolve, the proposed research aims to enhance the cybersecurity posture of MWC. The framework will incorporate measures to detect and respond to potential cyber threats, ensuring the integrity and security of communication channels under international maritime cybersecurity standards. The proposed anomaly detection framework incorporates machine learning models such as Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and Isolation Forests (IF). The proposed framework also places a strong emphasis on preventative safety measures, including cybersecurity safeguards to protect communication channels in the constantly changing digital marine operations environment. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework, the experiments were performed based on a publicly available dataset and implemented in the context of marine communications. The results show significant accuracy as well as high precision, recall, and F1-score metrics generated by the LSTM and IF models. The results highlight that the proposed framework can detect anomalies and potential threats in real-time marine communications.
Maritime transport is an intensively and rapidly developing sector of a particularly international dimension. European shipping plays a key role in the development of the maritime industry in ...European Union as it strengthens its economy, strategy and negotiating power. The European Commission, to achieve this objective, seeks to promote a common maritime policy and create a regulatory framework. Technological development has historically challenged contemporary shipping laws. This paper pursues to provide an approach of the legal dimension of autonomous ships. The dogmatic legal method is followed, assisted by the socio-economic approach method. Firstly, the role of European Maritime Policy and its objectives are discussed. Secondly, regulatory and legislative initiatives of the use of autonomous ships worldwide are analysed. Due to the particular nature of maritime law, special attention is given to the issues of liability arising from the use of autonomous vessels. The article intends to offer an original contribution by examining the aspects of new technologies such as Autonomous Vessels and the challenges they raise in the global and European community. It concludes that the integration and regulation of Unmanned Ships by the European Maritime Policy would promote a high level of safety and development in maritime transports.
•Analyse the primary data to estimate the appearance frequencies of risk factors resulting in maritime accidents.•Evaluate the joint impact of human factors and other risk factors on different types ...of maritime accidents.•Develop an accident data-driven Bayesian network to realise human factor oriented maritime accident analysis.•Conduct an empirical study to provide insights for the prevention of a particular type of accidents involving human errors.
A data-driven Bayesian network (BN) is used to investigate the effect of human factors on maritime safety through maritime accident analysis. Its novelties consist of (1) manual collection and analysis of the primary data representing frequencies of risk factors directly derived from maritime accident reports, (2) incorporation of human factors into causational analysis with respect to different maritime accident types, and (3) modelling by a historical accident data-driven approach, to generate new insights on critical human factors contributing to different types of accidents. The modelling of the interdependency among the risk influencing factors is structured by Tree Augmented Network (TAN), and validated by both sensitivity analysis and past accident records. Our findings reveal that the critical risk factors for all accident types are ship age, ship operation, voyage segment, information, and vessel condition. More importantly, the findings also present the differentiation among the vital human factors against different types of accidents. Most probable explanation (MPE) is used to provide a specific scenario in which the beliefs are upheld, observing the most probable configuration. The work pioneers the analysis of various impacts of human factors on different maritime accident types. It helps provide specific recommendations for the prevention of a particular type of accidents involving human errors.
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