Uprooted Thum, Gregor
2011., 20110808, 2011, 2011-08-08, 20110101
eBook
With the stroke of a pen at the Potsdam Conference following the Allied victory in 1945, Breslau, the largest German city east of Berlin, became the Polish city of Wroclaw. Its more than six hundred ...thousand inhabitants--almost all of them ethnic Germans--were expelled and replaced by Polish settlers from all parts of prewar Poland. Uprooted examines the long-term psychological and cultural consequences of forced migration in twentieth-century Europe through the experiences of Wroclaw's Polish inhabitants.
Although rupture and continuity seem to be mutually exclusive ideas, the study of human mobility in fourth-century Sicily is evidence of a more complex concept : continuity through rupture. Mass ...migrations under the control of Dionysius the Elder, tyrant of Syracuse, are a key example of this concept. These large-scale population transfers allowed the tyrant to unify his subjects and to extend his empire. This chapter will develop several examples : the destruction and repopulation of Naxos and Catane, as well as the foundation of the Sicel site Adranum. One may say that mass migrations created important rupture in the physical space of these sites. Nevertheless, from the point of view of the tyrant, such movements also fostered continuity in the temporal space. In this sense, Dionysius followed earlier tyrants of the fifth century, who utilized mass migration and the transformation of urban space as a means to increase their power and to construct an empire.
"La continuité des ruptures : espace, temps et politique dans les migrations de masse de Denys l’Ancien".
Bien que ruptures et continuités semblent être des idées différentes, la mobilité humaine en Sicile au ive siècle peut être étudiée sous un angle plus complexe : la continuité des ruptures. Les migrations de masse menées sous le contrôle du tyran de Syracuse, Denys l’Ancien, en sont des exemples clés. Ces déplacements à grande échelle permettent au tyran de rallier le peuple et d’étendre son empire. Le chapitre développera plusieurs exemples : la destruction et le repeuplement de Naxos et Catane, ainsi que la fondation du centre sicule d’Adranum. Ainsi pourrait-on dire que les migrations de masse apportent une rupture importante dans l’espace physique des cités. Toutefois, du point de vue du tyran il faut plutôt parler de continuité temporelle. Denys se rattache en effet aux tyrans du Ve siècle qui utilisèrent les migrations de masse et la transformation de l’espace urbain comme un moyen d’augmenter leur pouvoir et de construire un empire.
Harris Jason R. Continuity through Rupture: Space, Time, and Politics in the Mass Migrations of Dionysius the Elder. In: La question de l'espace au IVe siècle avant J.-C. dans les mondes grec et étrusco-italique : continuités, ruptures, reprises. Besançon : Institut des Sciences et Techniques de l'Antiquité, 2018. pp. 135-157. (Collection « ISTA », 1442)
During the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, the intensity, fluctuation, and distance of 'proletarian mass migrations' grew steadily. Apart from permanent immigration into industrial areas and ...employments, temporary and seasonal mass migrations took place, partly as transitional phenomena. They only partly moved within the traditional migratory systems which on the eve of the age of industrialization became replaced by these new movements, including millions of migrants. Their employment in agrarian production as well as in the service sector added to the rapidly expanding urban areas and industrial agglomerations which, to a large extent, were built by migrant workers, too. Moreover, the large and moving railway, road, bridge, and tunnel construction sites attracted a highly mobile migrant workforce. In addition to the ‘proletarian mass migrations,’ individually migrating experts e.g. from Great Britain functioned as a sort of industrial development workers, like the 'puddlers' in early steel production on the continent. And there were travelling entrepreneurs heading especially to Great Britain, an in-between of education travel and industrial espionage scouting for new machines as well as industrial processes.
Moving People Thum, Gregor
Uprooted,
08/2011
Book Chapter
The remapping of Central Europe after the Second World War was radical not so much in terms of changes in national borders, as in the broadscale shifting of settlement boundaries. The borders had ...already been altered after the First World War and new countries created upon the ruins of the fallen Central and Eastern European empires. Prolonged mass migrations also ensued at that time. Many people did not want to live in the countries they found themselves in after the political map was redrawn, or they fled growing discrimination against ethnic minorities. To be sure, the victorious powers asserted at
Bumblebees are one of the most commonly studied pollinators, but they are declining in large parts of their distribution. Whether bumblebees can cope with anthropogenic disturbances such as climate ...change and habitat loss depends largely on their dispersal capacity. While bumblebee queen dispersal is estimated to be only a few kilometres, bird migration sites have documented mass‐migration events with peak migration of 70 bumblebee queens per minute, indicating that bumblebees can migrate over larger distances than previously thought.
The open‐access database trektellen.org contains 10 daily counts of >1,000 migrating queens past single points in the Netherlands, and one in the United Kingdom (total bumblebee records 65,430; range 1–11,142 individuals), mostly in early spring. Such mass‐migration events are poorly documented in the scientific literature, and usually when describing migrations of other insects such as syrphids and social wasps.
Most common European bumblebee species were documented to migrate. Bumblebees were observed flying at sea, coming from sea and flying towards the sea, showing that they can cross large water bodies. The wind direction might have helped to concentrate migration at landscape bottlenecks. On 1 day, bumblebee mass‐migration was documented on two sites located 200 km apart. Together with the concentrated and directional flight this suggests that they can migrate for several hundreds of kilometres.
Because most mass‐migration events occur in spring, large‐scale shortage in suitable nesting sites may be the trigger for mass‐migration (e.g. due to high queen survival or low vole numbers). Future studies should test whether this is the case, or whether bumblebees show annual seasonal migration.
Synthesis and applications. Much remains unclear about bumblebee migration, but it may have large consequences for the conservation of bumblebees and the ecosystem services they provide. For example, bumblebees in highly disturbed areas like agricultural landscapes may be continuously supplemented by queens from far‐away productive natural areas. This suggests that large‐scale conservation initiatives are required to maintain viable populations of common and endangered species. Structured observations and modern‐day technology, like isotope analyses or radar monitoring, may shed light on the drivers and consequences of the overlooked phenomenon of bumblebee migration.
Much remains unclear about bumblebee migration, but it may have large consequences for the conservation of bumblebees and the ecosystem services they provide. For example, bumblebees in highly disturbed areas like agricultural landscapes may be continuously supplemented by queens from far‐away productive natural areas. This suggests that large‐scale conservation initiatives are required to maintain viable populations of common and endangered species. Structured observations and modern‐day technology, like isotope analyses or radar monitoring, may shed light on the drivers and consequences of the overlooked phenomenon of bumblebee migration.
A facile and innovative method for the fabrication of highly fluorescent micro‐patterns is presented, which operates on the principle of phototriggered phase transition and physical mass migration in ...the crystalline film of a cyanostilbene‐type aggregation‐induced enhanced emission (AIEE) molecule ((Z)‐2,3‐bis(3,4,5‐tris(dodecyloxy)phenyl) acrylonitrile) with liquid‐crystalline (LC) mesomorphic behavior.
Mass migration, including forced mass migration, in the Americas tends to conjure images of illegal immigration, most frequently from Latin America to the United States. The reality of forced mass ...migration in the Americas is, however, quite different, complex and multifaceted. Set against the backdrop of political turmoil and increased threats of environmental changes, forced mass migration in the Americas is highly nuanced and requires a flexible legal and organizational framework. This requirement has been consistently met through a series of international and regional treaties and norms as well as through the flexibility of regional organizations in responding to new or dramatically increasing forced mass migration patterns. This paper outlines these responses and trends through the lens of the mass migration from Venezuela. It asserts that how international and regional law, organizations, and States have responded to this crisis presents an example of the ways that legal responses to forced mass migrations have been implemented in the Americas.
Gifts of the Immigrants, Woes of the Natives TABELLINI, MARCO
Review of economic studies/The review of economic studies,
01/2020, Letnik:
87, Številka:
1 (312)
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
In this article, I jointly investigate the political and the economic effects of immigration, and study the causes of anti-immigrant sentiments. I exploit exogenous variation in European immigration ...to U.S. cities between 1910 and 1930 induced by World War I and the Immigration Acts of the 1920s, and instrument immigrants’ location decision relying on pre-existing settlement patterns. I find that immigration triggered hostile political reactions, such as the election of more conservative legislators, higher support for anti-immigration legislation, and lower redistribution. Exploring the causes of natives’ backlash, I document that immigration increased natives’ employment, spurred industrial production, and did not generate losses even among natives working in highly exposed sectors. These findings suggest that opposition to immigration was unlikely to have economic roots. Instead, I provide evidence that natives’ political discontent was increasing in the cultural differences between immigrants and natives. Results in this article indicate that, even when diversity is economically beneficial, it may nonetheless be socially hard to manage.
COVID-19 Sets off Mass Migration in India Mukhra, Richa; Krishan, Kewal; Kanchan, Tanuj
Archives of medical research,
10/2020, Letnik:
51, Številka:
7
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The communication discusses COVID-19 triggered reverse migration in India. India has witnessed the second largest mass migration in its history after the Partition of India in 1947, where more than ...14 million people were displaced and migrated to India and Pakistan respectively, depending on their religious faiths. The opinion describes the trend of migration and related effects on the migrants as well as the nation at large.
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