The unheavenly chorus Schlozman, Kay Lehman; Verba, Sidney; Brady, Henry E
2012., 20120409, 2012, 2012-04-09, 20120101
eBook
Politically active individuals and organizations make huge investments of time, energy, and money to influence everything from election outcomes to congressional subcommittee hearings to local school ...politics, while other groups and individual citizens seem woefully underrepresented in our political system.The Unheavenly Chorusis the most comprehensive and systematic examination of political voice in America ever undertaken--and its findings are sobering.
The Unheavenly Chorusis the first book to look at the political participation of individual citizens alongside the political advocacy of thousands of organized interests--membership associations such as unions, professional associations, trade associations, and citizens groups, as well as organizations like corporations, hospitals, and universities. Drawing on numerous in-depth surveys of members of the public as well as the largest database of interest organizations ever created--representing more than thirty-five thousand organizations over a twenty-five-year period--this book conclusively demonstrates that American democracy is marred by deeply ingrained and persistent class-based political inequality. The well educated and affluent are active in many ways to make their voices heard, while the less advantaged are not. This book reveals how the political voices of organized interests are even less representative than those of individuals, how political advantage is handed down across generations, how recruitment to political activity perpetuates and exaggerates existing biases, how political voice on the Internet replicates these inequalities--and more.
In a true democracy, the preferences and needs of all citizens deserve equal consideration. Yet equal consideration is only possible with equal citizen voice.The Unheavenly Chorusreveals how far we really are from the democratic ideal and how hard it would be to attain it.
Investigación cuantitativa que buscó establecer la relación entre la satisfacción vital (variable principal) y las variables autoestima personal, bienestar material percibido, prejuicio grupal ...percibido, discriminación personal percibida e identidad nacional, identificando cuáles, entre estas últimas, podían predecir la primera. La muestra, no probabilística, estuvo conformada por 171 colombianos, hombres y mujeres, residentes en Estados Unidos. Los resultados indicaron que la autoestima y el bienestar material percibido fueron las variables más estrechamente relacionadas con la satisfacción vital, siendo, además, las únicas predictoras positivas de esta. Las expresiones de prejuicio no impactaron significativamente la satisfacción vital, mientras que la identidad nacional presentó un impacto nulo.
Investigación cuantitativa que buscó establecer la relación entre la satisfacción vital (variable principal) y las variables autoestima personal, bienestar material percibido, prejuicio grupal ...percibido, discriminación personal percibida e identidad nacional, identificando cuáles, entre estas últimas, podían predecir la primera. La muestra, no probabilística, estuvo conformada por 171 colombianos, hombres y mujeres, residentes en Estados Unidos. Los resultados indicaron que la autoestima y el bienestar material percibido fueron las variables más estrechamente relacionadas con la satisfacción vital, siendo, además, las únicas predictoras positivas de esta. Las expresiones de prejuicio no impactaron significativamente la satisfacción vital, mientras que la identidad nacional presentó un impacto nulo.
Tourism Impact and Stakeholders’ Quality of Life Woo, Eunju; Uysal, Muzaffer; Sirgy, M. Joseph
Journal of hospitality & tourism research (Washington, D.C.),
02/2018, Letnik:
42, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
This article reports a study testing the hypothesis that, compared with community residents who are not affiliated with the tourism industry, residents affiliated with tourism are likely to perceive ...tourism impact more positively, and the more positive their perceptions of tourism development, the more likely they feel satisfied with their lives. The study involved a survey of community residents of four tourist destinations in the United States. A total of 407 responses were used for data analysis. The results provided support for the notion that the influence of community residents’ perceptions of tourism impact and their life satisfaction is dependent on whether the residents are affiliated or not affiliated with the tourism sector.
The transmission of pro‐socialness across generations is modeled using the warm‐glow approach. The parent generation seeks to cultivate pro‐social values in their children as this would improve their ...material well‐being when they grow up as cooperative adults. I show that communities endowed with more productive resources have a stronger incentive to teach their children social cooperation. Thus, there is a correlation between a village's level of material well‐being and villagers’ steady‐state level of pro‐socialness. When the cost of moral education is directly dependent on the parent generation's level of pro‐socialness, the multiplicity of steady states may emerge. If a community's initial level of pro‐socialness is high, the system will reach an interior steady state; in contrast, if this initial level is low, eventually the level of pro‐socialness will approach zero in the long run. Thus communities that start with similar initial levels of pro‐socialness may end up at drastically different steady states.
A fundamental assumption in the social sciences is that humans are motivated by the concern for material well-being. However, despite its central importance for many behavioral areas (e.g. ...consumption, labor market decisions, participation in education), there is no satisfying survey instrument to measure the importance of material well-being. In this paper, we suggest a short 8-item scale to measure the importance of money. In study 1, we test the new scale in a sample of 510 students with respect to its reliability, construct validity, and external validity using the multitrait-multimethod approach first suggested by Campbell and Fiske (1959). In study 2, we test the scale in a random population sample (N = 2914) with respect to its external validity. Our results suggest that the new importance of money scale (IMS) has high reliability and validity, and outperforms comparable measures with respect to its external and predictive validity.
•Suggesting a new scale to measure the importance of material-well being.•Validating the scale by using the multitrait-multimethod approach.•The new scale has higher reliability and higher validity than comparative instruments.
The International Wealth Index (IWI) Smits, Jeroen; Steendijk, Roel
Social indicators research,
05/2015, Letnik:
122, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
This paper presents the International Wealth Index (IWI), the first comparable asset based index of household's material well-being, or economic status, that can be used for all low and middle income ...countries. IWI is similar to the widely used wealth indices included in the Demographic and Health Surveys and UNICEF MICS surveys, but adds the property of comparability across place and time. IWI is based on data from 2.1 million households in 97 developing countries. With IWI we provide a stable and understandable yardstick for evaluating and comparing the situation of households, social groups and societies among all regions of the developing world. A household's ranking on IWI indicates to what extent the household possesses a basic set of assets, valued highly by people across the globe. IWI is tested thoroughly and turns out to be a stable index that hardly depends on the inclusion of specific items or on data for specific regions or time periods. National IWI values are highly correlated with human development, life expectancy, and national income, and IWI-based poverty measures with poverty headcount ratios.
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