This paper’s point of departure is that historic silences are socially constructed and culturally productive, and that photographs in archives participate in the creation of historical silences ...despite, or maybe thanks to, their convincing depicting qualities. In this essay, photographs from three occasions have been studied in detail in order to elucidate different kinds of visual silences. The occasions are i) a funeral where it is the photographer’s own mother that is being buried, ii) a funeral where the coffin is covered in a draping with a swastika, and iii) a royal funeral. Adopting a self-reflexive outlook, the purpose of this essay is to suggest a few possible ways of addressing silences that can occur when the presumptions of a beholder meet the image content of a photograph from the past. The three examples show that the concept of visual silence can be applied in different ways. In the first example, the technical and artistic shortcomings are interpreted as silencing components, which can convey information. In the second example, the (to a contemporary beholder) provocative silence around the historically charged symbol of a swastika becomes an analytical resource in its own right. The last example illustrates how a lot of information can compose such a dominant narrative, that it silences other stories.
This study examines audience's emotional and social experiences when consuming Donald Trump's presidential inauguration through television and/or social media. A national survey (N = 420) was ...conducted immediately after the inauguration ceremony. Drawing on the theories of media events, emotional appraisal, and identity self-categorization, the study found that television was socially integrative while social media was socially disruptive. The media event's relationship with the audience's social and emotional experiences depended on both the audience's identities and media affordances. The findings paint a nuanced picture of media events as a ritualistic genre in the fragmented media and social environment.
When Daniel Dayan and Elihu Katz published their seminal book
in 1992, television occupied centre stage, whereas computer networks were only beginning to be used. Since the late 1990s, television and ...digital media have co-existed and co-evolved in still more entangled ways. In this article, I ask how the supplementing of television by a new media form, the Web, has affected the ways media events as understood by Dayan and Katz can unfold and be conceptualised. Based on a medium theory perspective where focus is more on “media” and less on “event”, I introduce the article by tracing how Dayan and Katz understand television as a medium. Then follows a brief account of the vast literature about
, with a particular focus on how digital media are conceptualised. With these two sections as a stepping stone, the Web's digital features are outlined, followed by a historical analysis of the interplay of the development of the Web and a concrete media event: the Olympics from 1996 to 2016. Finally, this web historical outline is used to re-evaluate Dayan and Katz's conceptualisation of media events. The analysis is guided by three themes – liveness, control, and participation – pivotal for Dayan and Katz's understanding of media events as well as the history of the Web.
Worth a Thousand Words Neverson, Nicole; Adeyanju, Charles T.
Journalism studies (London, England),
08/2018, Letnik:
19, Številka:
11
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Between April 2003 and November 2008, 26 men died in Canada during events where a conductive energy device (commonly called Taser®) was deployed on them. The 2007 death of Robert Dziekanski, a Polish ...immigrant, at the Vancouver International Airport, was recorded on a mobile phone and its footage uploaded to YouTube. The internet video, which documented Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) officers deploying a Taser on Dziekanski, was viewed by thousands around the world and traditional media organizations incorporated it into their coverage of the event. Unlike previous Taser-related deaths, the recording of Dziekanski's death was an integral piece of the event's anatomy and granted members of the mass public, as scrutinizers if not legitimate bystanders, entry into how it unfolded. Following Fiske, we treat the recording, its dissemination via the internet and broader news media, and its mass consumption as a "new media event"-one that articulated competing narratives of the device's efficacy in print media coverage. Using a broad critical approach, we assess how groups like the RCMP, government officials, and victims made sense of the device pre- and post-recording via discourse analysis of published reports.
Scholarship on media events has rarely considered how interpersonal interactions between participants mobilize collective feelings of solidarity. Drawing on a study of Big Brother Israel, we ...demonstrate how several structural‐interactional features of the show encourage viewers to shift from a position of bystanders to one of confidants and companions of the contestants. We analyze this shift through the lens of mediated “public intimacy”—the staging of exclusive interactions in front of a third party. The emergent sense of collective complicity affects everyday interactions between viewers and public discourse on social media. We conclude that beyond the public staging of self, it is the staging and concretization of social relations in media events that serves to reaffirm the collective's solidarity.
The article discusses strategies for creating presence in space and time in SKAM, in particular the way the series unfolds as event and its extended use of close-ups. Moreover, the article discusses ...Bolter and Grusin’s understanding of immediacy and argues that the many mobile screens as well as the series’ cross-mediality, or hypermediacy, contribute to the creation of an impression of being close to the characters and their world, in time and space.
Charlie Hebdo, 2015 Sumiala, Johanna; Tikka, Minttu; Valaskivi, Katja
Media, war & conflict,
06/2019, Letnik:
12, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
In this article, the authors examine the intensification of liveness and its effects in the Charlie Hebdo attacks that took place in Paris in January 2015. In their investigation they first re-visit ...the existing theoretical literature on media, event and time, and discuss in particular the relationship between media events and the idea of liveness. They then move on to the empirical analysis of the Charlie Hebdo attacks and demonstrate the aspects of intensified liveness in the circulation of selected tweets. The analysis is based on a multi-method approach developed for the empirical study of hybrid media events. In conclusion, the authors argue that the liveness, experienced and carried out simultaneously on multiple platforms, favours stereotypical and immediate interpretations when it comes to making sense of the incidents unfolding before the eyes of global audiences. In this condition, incidents are interpreted 'en direct', but within the framework of older mnemonic schemes and mythologization of certain positions (e.g. victims, villains, heroes) in the narrative. This condition, they claim, further accelerates the conflict between the different participants that took part in the event.
Following the coup attempt in Turkey, former Gulenists made appearances on various television channels and disclosed intimate and spectacular information regarding their past activities. We ask: what ...is the political work of these televised disclosures? In answering this question, we situate the coup within the media event literature and examine the intimate work of these televised disclosures performed as part of a media event. The disclosures we examine were extremely spectacular statements that worked to reconstruct a highly divided and polarized society through an intimate language. Consequently, these television performances had two functions: ideological and affective. First, these disclosures and television shows chose to foreground sensation and therefore mystified the illegal networks that historically prepared the coup. Second, using a language of regret and apology, these disclosures aimed to teach the audience how to be purified and good citizens through a mediated, pedagogical relationship. Within the vulnerable context of a hegemonic crisis, these disclosures intended to form their own publics where citizens were invited to sympathize with those who made mistakes in the past, ultimately aiming to create national unity and reconciliation.
•Live tweeting during the FIFA World Cup is analyzed with digital conversation analysis.•Television publicity changes the direction of interaction between live tweeters.•Publicity is appreciated ...through noticings, congratulations and compliments.•Responses to these actions show a dilemma between agreeing and displaying modesty.•Tweeting during the media event can be seen as a middle-space performance.
Social television has transformed the traditional role of the television viewers by providing ‘ordinary people’ access to the public stage. This article describes how public access to television affected the dialogues of Finnish tweeters on Twitter during the massive media event of the FIFA World Cup. Through the lens of digital conversation analysis, the study shows how the media publicity of tweets changed the direction of the interaction between tweeters and transformed their roles vis-à-vis the television show, making one of them into a ‘media flasher’ and the others viewers of his or her performance. The publicity was constructed as important through noticings, congratulations, and compliments, and in their responses to these actions the participants oriented to dilemmatic expectations of agreeing with the previous speakerand displaying modesty and authenticity. The activities of live tweeters can be seen as middle-space performances where ordinariness and celebrity are intertwined.
This is an introdcution to a special section in the journal in which we examine terrorism as a media event. The introduction reviews the classic works by Elihu Katz and Daniel and adds our own ...contemporary extension of their theories. It acknowledges the significance of temporality and related mnemonic patterns (Zelizer, Kraidy, in this introduction); networked, relational territorialities (Kraidy, in this introduction); and the discursive politics applied to categorize the violence in question (Hervik; Cui and Rothenbuhler; Price, in this introduction), but it also suggests a more detailed focus on the hybrid dynamics between actors, platforms, and messages which circulate during violent media events. The authors continue the debate on the complex relationship between media, event, and terror by introducing hybridity as yet another angle to this topical discussion.
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