À partir d’un terrain ethnographique sur le don d’organes en Italie, l’article vise à aborder certains des problèmes au cœur de la construction morale de l’identité et de la personne dans le monde ...contemporain. Il s’agit de réfléchir sur l’expérience de la transformation de la mort en un facteur de production de la vie. Ceci est un élément essentiel de la reconstruction de l’image de soi qui se produit à l’intersection de modèles de pratiques et de temporalités qui diffèrent selon la perspective à partir de laquelle les sujets impliqués regardent le monde et se déplacent parmi les différentes positions du champ social. Ce qui reste au terme de cette enquête, c’est une question – toujours ouverte, toujours à renouveler : comment notre capacité à nommer l’humain évolue-t-elle au regard de l’avancée des dispositifs médicaux et technologiques ?
Based on ethnographic fieldwork about organ donation in Italy, the article addresses some of the problems at the heart of the moral construction of identity and personhood in the contemporary world. The aim is to discuss the experience of the transformation of death into a factor in the production of life. This essential element in the reconstruction of selfhood is generated at the intersection of models of practices and temporalities. It differs according to the perspective from which the individual subjects involved consider the world around them. What remains at the end of this investigation is an open-ended and ever-renewable question: how does our ability to define what is properly human change with respect to medical and technological breakthroughs?
Following over twenty years of war, Sri Lanka's longest cease-fire (2002-2006) provided a final opportunity for an inclusive peace settlement between the Sri Lankan government and the Liberation ...Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE). However, hostilities resumed with ever increasing desperation and ferocity on both sides, until the LTTE were overcome and largely eradicated in 2009.
This book provides a contextualised analysis of the effects of war on a small Tamil community living in northern Sri Lanka during the cease-fire period. It examines how the society changed and adapted in order to accommodate the upheaval and destruction of war, and its inevitable resumption. In particular, it focuses on the nature of suffering through an exploration of a well-known ritual: Thuukkukkaavadi that transformed the experience of pain and suffering and contributed to a process whereby many village communities could come together in a demonstration of strength and resilience.
It contributes to studies on violence, reparation processes of so-called 'post-conflict' societies and the medical anthropology of healing. It questions assumptions concerning the nature of suffering and critiques the application of western categories in settings like northern Sri Lanka, where entire communities have been silenced by political violence. The book therefore presents a claim for more culturally specific understandings of what constitutes suffering and is of interest to students and scholars of South Asian Studies, Conflict Resolution, and Social and Cultural Anthropology.
Talking and Acting A Pandemic Black, Alexis D.
Anthropologica (Ottawa),
2023, Letnik:
65, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Informed by eighteen months of ethnographic fieldwork in Montmartre, one of the last village-like neighbourhoods in Paris, in this paper, I analyze how people in this community talked through and ...acted out the COVID-19 pandemic. Using theoretical frameworks from linguistic, cognitive and medical anthropology, I examine “small stories” (Georgakopoulou 2007) about COVID-19, in particular, the analogical and conceptual aspects of this talk. How do people construct understandings of crisis as it evolves? What does this process look like when talk becomes action and reaction and what does it say about the future?
This paper explores how people employed analogy, cultural scripts and other linguistic wor(l)d-building tools in their talk about their experiences and comprehensions of COVID-19. Following the arguments of Ochs (2012), I propose that talking about COVID-19 is itself an experience of the virus, an experience that informs people’s understandings of their present circumstances and future possibilities.
Syndemic Theory (ST) provides a framework to examine mutually enhancing diseases/health issues under conditions of social inequality and inequity. ST has been used in multiple disciplines to address ...interacting infectious diseases, noncommunicable diseases, and mental health conditions. The theory has been critiqued for its inability to measure disease interactions and their individual and combined health outcomes. This article reviews literature that strongly suggests a syndemic between food insecurity (FI) and diet-related chronic diseases (DRCDs), and proposes a model to measure the extent of such interaction. The article seeks to: (1) examine the potential syndemic between FI and DRCDs; (2) illustrate how the incorporation of Life History Theory (LHT), into a syndemic framework can help to highlight critical lifeperiods when FI-DRCD interactions result in adverse health outcomes; (3) discuss the use of mixed methods to identify and measure syndemics to enhance the precision and predictive power of ST; and (4) propose an analytical model for the examination of the FI-DRCD syndemic through the life course. The proposed model is more relevant now given the significant increase in FI globally as a result of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. The differential impact that the pandemic appears to have among various age groups and by other demographic factors (e.g., race, gender, income) offers an opportunity to examine the potential FI-DRCD syndemic under the lens of LHT.
•Systematic review of literature on Food Insecurity and Diet Related Chronic Diseases.•New conceptual model of Food Insecurity and Diet Related Chronic Disease Syndemic.•Use of qualitative and quantitative methods and Life History Theory.•Use of Structural Equation Modeling to identify and measure syndemics.
While social science research has demonstrated the importance of culture in shaping psychiatric illness, clinical methods for assessing the cultural dimensions of illness have not been adopted as ...part of routine care. Reasons for limited integration include the impression that attention to culture requires specialized skills, is only relevant to a subset of patients from unfamiliar backgrounds, and takes too much time to be useful. The DSM-5 Cultural Formulation Interview (CFI), published in 2013, was developed to provide a simplified approach to collecting information needed for cultural assessment. It offers a 16-question interview protocol that has been field tested at sites around the world. However, little is known about how CFI implementation has affected training, health services, and clinical outcomes. This article offers a comprehensive narrative review that synthesizes peer-reviewed, published studies on CFI use. A total of 25 studies were identified, with sample sizes ranging from 1 to 460 participants. In all pilot CFI studies 960 unique subjects were enrolled, and in final CFI studies 739 were enrolled. Studies focused on how the CFI affects clinical practice; explored the CFI through research paradigms in medical communication, implementation science, and family psychiatry; and examined clinician training. In most studies, patients and clinicians reported that using the CFI improved clinical rapport. This evidence base offers an opportunity to consider implications for training, research, and clinical practice and to identify crucial areas for further research.
COOKING DATA is an ethnographic study of how demographic data is collected, handled, processed, and manipulated by fieldworkers, researchers, policymakers, and NGOs in Malawi and internationally. ...Crystal Biruk’s fieldwork with people at all levels of major survey projects explores how survey-based research projects call truths about the populations they work with into being, transforming data from answers to survey questions into statistics that appear self-evidently true. Beginning with the assumption that clean data is a myth, Biruk uncovers the hidden relationships between the knowledge work that produces data and its value to various audiences. Specifically, her work considers how health-related data have become financially valuable both to NGOs and to the young Malawians who work as data collectors and, later, supervisors--and how the commodification of health information intersects with local social worlds.
Narratives of the Covid-19 pandemic: voices from Morocco --- Abstract --- The author, moving into the critical perspective of medical anthropology, after having discussed the Moroccan health crisis ...management model of Covid-19, reports some narratives of the pandemic in this Maghreb country. These voices are collected in Marrakech, in the framework of a wider research project on the study of the social and cultural components of the chronic disease already started in 2018 and recognized as ‘Italian Ethnological Mission in Morocco’ by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation in 2020. Due to the health crisis with the consequent limitations imposed on the movements and the impossibility to continue in loco the research started and developed in the two previous years, the narratives here examined have been collected at a distance, within the field already outlined, but with a digital ethnography approach, by web and social media.
PDF
