This study aimed to investigate differences in transient endothelial dysfunction (TED) with mental stress in Black and non-Black individuals with coronary heart disease (CHD), and their potential ...impact on cardiovascular outcomes.
We examined 812 patients with stable CHD between June 2011 and March 2016 and followed through February 2020 at a university-affiliated hospital network. Flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) was assessed before and 30 minutes after mental stress. TED was defined as a lower poststress FMD than prestress FMD. We compared prestress FMD, post-stress FMD, and TED between Black and non-Black participants. In both groups, we examined the association of TED with an adjudicated composite end point of cardiovascular death or nonfatal myocardial infarction (first and recurring events) after adjusting for demographic, clinical, and socioeconomic factors.
Prestress FMD was lower in Black than non-Black participants (3.7 2.8 versus 4.9 3.8, p < .001) and significantly declined with mental stress in both groups. TED occurred more often in Black (76%) than non-Black patients (67%; multivariable-adjusted odds ratio = 1.6, 95% confidence interval = 1.5-1.7). Over a median (interquartile range) follow-up period of 75 (65-82) months, 142 (18%) patients experienced either cardiovascular death or nonfatal myocardial infarction. Black participants had a 41.9% higher risk of the study outcome than non-Black participants (95% confidence interval = 1.01-1.95). TED with mental stress explained 69% of this excess risk.
Among CHD patients, Black individuals are more likely than non-Black individuals to develop endothelial dysfunction with mental stress, which in turn explains a substantial portion of their excess risk of adverse events.
Since the announcement of the World Health Organization of COVID-19 as a global pandemic, the probability of experiencing psychological disturbances and mental health problems among the frontline ...doctors who deal early with the suspected or confirmed patients is expected to increase, especially among anesthesia and ICU physicians.
The objective of this study was to assess the magnitude of mental stress among anesthesia and ICU physicians in Cairo university hospitals, Egypt, treating patients exposed to COVID-19.
This cross-sectional, survey-based study collected the demographic and mental health data from anesthesia and ICU physicians working in Cairo university hospitals from March 15 to April 15, 2020, in Egypt. The level of stress was assessed by the perceived stress scale (PSS-10).
A total of 193 out of 315 contacted physicians completed the survey. A significant proportion of participants (65%) experienced high levels of psychological distress during this acute situation, with the PSS-10 median score of 21 in the registrar group and 18 in the consultant group; the difference was statistically significant (P = 0.03). The most common causes of stress among the participants were the fears that they might transmit the disease to their loved people and the lack of a clear protocol on how to deal with COVID-19 cases, either suspected or confirmed.
In this survey study, anesthesia and ICU physicians responding to the spread of COVID-19 reported high rates of symptoms of mental stress.
Getting to the “COR” Halbesleben, Jonathon R. B.; Neveu, Jean-Pierre; Paustian-Underdahl, Samantha C. ...
Journal of management,
07/2014, Letnik:
40, Številka:
5
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Proposed as a theory of motivation, the basic tenet of conservation of resources (COR) theory is that humans are motivated to protect their current resources and acquire new resources. Despite its ...recent popularity in the organizational behavior literature, several criticisms of the theory have emerged, primarily related to the central concept of resources. In this review, we address concerns regarding the conceptualization, conservation, acquisition, fluctuation, and measurement of resources. We highlight gaps in the COR literature that can be addressed by integrating research from other areas of psychology and management. In this manner, we hope to push the COR literature forward by resolving several concerns and providing suggestions for future research that might address other concerns.
Mental stress-induced myocardial ischemia (MSIMI), a transient myocardial ischemic response to mental stress, is associated with poorer outcomes among patients with coronary heart disease and is more ...likely to occur among women. However, predictors of MSIMI are not well explored. The current study investigated the association between experiences of everyday discrimination and MSIMI among patients with recent myocardial ischemia and contrasted the results with conventional stress-induced myocardial ischemia (CSIMI). We examined sex differences in associations.
We studied 295 post-MI patients (145 women, 150 men). Provocation of myocardial ischemia with mental stress (speech task) and conventional stress (exercise or pharmacologic) was assessed by myocardial perfusion imaging. Frequency of exposure to everyday discrimination was assessed via questionnaire using the Everyday Discrimination Scale (EDS).
The mean age was 51 years in both women and men, and the EDS score ranged from 10 to 38 (mean standard deviation = 17 6 years). After multivariable analysis, each standard deviation increase in the EDS score (more frequent exposure) was associated with an increased odds of MSIMI (odds ratio OR = 1.57 1.10-2.23). The EDS score was not associated with CSIMI (OR = 0.86 0.64-1.17). Women demonstrated a twofold increase (OR = 1.96 1.13-3.38, p = .02) in the adjusted odds of MSIMI, with each standard deviation increase in the EDS score compared with a 1.4-fold increase (OR = 1.40 0.80-2.44, p = .24) among men; however, interaction was not statistically significant.
Among post-MI patients, everyday discrimination was positively associated with occurrence of MSIMI, but not with CSIMI; associations were more pronounced among women.
This study examines the influence of online classes on the mental stress of Indian students amid the COVID-19 pandemic. Data from 428 respondents, spanning from class 10 to research scholars, was ...collected via a Google Form questionnaire. Parameters like excitement for online classes, class time gaps, teacher-centric lecture, competitive mindset, disruption of normal life, and health related issues were analysed using descriptive statistics. The findings offer insights into the potential causes of mental stress among students during online classes, with implications for improving mental health through screening strategies. These findings may also apply to offline classes.
•Mental stress significantly reduced variability and chaotic behaviour of HRV.•Stress causes sympathetic activation and parasympathetic withdrawal.•Pooled HRV power ratio changed significantly while ...did not in individual studies.•Studies investigating HRV non-linear measures and mental stress are required.•The method proposed to meta-analyze HRV features can be adopted for other studies investigating HRV.
Mental stress reduces performances, on the work place and in daily life, and is one of the first causes of cognitive dysfunctions, cardiovascular disorders and depression. This study systematically reviewed existing literature investigating, in healthy subjects, the associations between acute mental stress and short term Heart Rate Variability (HRV) measures in time, frequency and non-linear domain. The goal of this study was to provide reliable information about the trends and the pivot values of HRV measures during mental stress. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the evidence was conducted, performing an exhaustive research of electronic repositories and linear researching references of papers responding to the inclusion criteria. After removing duplicates and not pertinent papers, journal papers describing well-designed studies that analyzed rigorously HRV were included if analyzed the same population of healthy subjects at rest and during mental stress. 12 papers were shortlisted, enrolling overall 758 volunteers and investigating 22 different HRV measures, 9 of which reported by at least 2 studies and therefore meta-analyzed in this review. Four measures in time and non-linear domains, associated with a normal degree of HRV variations resulted significantly depressed during stress. The power of HRV fluctuations at high frequencies was significantly depressed during stress, while the ratio between low and high frequency resulted significantly increased, suggesting a sympathetic activation and a parasympathetic withdrawal during acute mental stress. Finally, among the 15 non-linear measures extracted, only 2 were reported by at least 2 studies, therefore pooled, and only one resulted significantly depressed, suggesting a reduced chaotic behaviour during mental stress. HRV resulted significantly depressed during mental stress, showing a reduced variability and less chaotic behaviour. The pooled frequency domain measures demonstrated a significant autonomic balance shift during acute mental stress towards the sympathetic activation and the parasympathetic withdrawal. Pivot values for the pooled mean differences of HRV measures are provided. Further studies investigating HRV non-linear measures during mental stress are still required. However, the method proposed to transform and then meta-analyze the HRV measures can be applied to other fields where HRV proved to be clinically significant.
•Stress is estimated continuously and quantitatively based on biological signals.•The inter-subjects differences are considered in response to the stressful events.•The continuous nature of mental ...stress is considered.•The fuzzy method copes with complicated relationships between physiology and stress.
Stress endangers the mental and physical health of individuals and also has a major impact on society. Accurate, reliable and quantitative measurement of stress leads to detect the person’s stress level in earlier stages and reduce the intervention time to manage it. Individuals’ stress gradually changes from one level to another. That’s why traditional stress recognition approaches are not useful in real-life. Besides, the physiological stress response is subject-dependent. We proposed a continuous personalized stress assessment method. For this purpose, a fuzzy-based model was employed which uses the electrocardiogram and electromyogram signals together to achieve a highly reliable and accurate mental stress index. A total of 34 healthy participants were recruited during a pre-designed stress-inducing protocol. The results of the experiments illustrated the feasibility of the proposed approach. The perceived stress score showed a high correlation (more than 0.9) with the mental stress index. Moreover, the average stress classification accuracy across all subjects for two-level and three-level achieved as 96.7 % and 75.6 %, respectively. The acceptable accuracy of multi-level stress detection, along with the obtained personalized stress index and high correlation between the perceived and estimated stress, emphasize the proposed methodology as an innovative approach, in line with state-of-the-art research.
Mental Stress and Food we eat Momin Sayed Kashif
Perspectives in medical research,
9/2020, Letnik:
8, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Odprti dostop
Mental disorders affect everyone, irrespective of age,
gender, residence, and living standards, and even though some
groups are at a higher risk for certain illnesses; only the impact
varies. At a ...global level, over 564 million people are estimated
to suffer from depression and anxiety, equivalent to 8.0% of
the world’s population. Both depression and anxiety disorders
are more common among females than males (4.6% compared
to 2.6% at the global level).1
National mental health survey 2015-16 implemented
by the National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro-Sciences
(NIMHANS) Bengaluru put the figures of 1 in 20 people in India
suffer from depression. The high prevalence of moderate and
high dependence tobacco use and alcohol abuse was 20.9%
and 4.6%, respectively. These are not the isolated scenario as
mental disorders are caused by a complex interaction of
biological, social, environmental, cultural, and economic
factors. One of the complex interaction is food and nutrition.2
Why link mental stress with food:
Most of the world's population live in countries where
overweight (global prevalence 39%) and obesity (13%) kills
more people than underweight. Unfortunately, we are now 8
months into the COVID-19 pandemic, and the end of the crisis
is nowhere near, a different domain of public health requires
urgent attention.
Additionally, there are major shifts in dietary intakes
globally, with a substantial increase in the consumption of
sugars, snack foods, take-away foods, and high-energy foods.
At the same time, the intake of whole-grain fiber-rich nutritious
foods is diminishing. These changes are particularly obvious in
the younger and working population. Indeed, the latest data
from the Global Burden of Disease Study found that an
unhealthy diet is now the leading cause of early death.
The type and quality of the food we eat, affect our
mental health. And any mental illness may affect the type and
pattern of our eating.
Work Stress and Employee Health Ganster, Daniel C.; Rosen, Christopher C.
Journal of management,
07/2013, Letnik:
39, Številka:
5
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Research examining the relationship between work stress and well-being has flourished over the past 20 years. At the same time, research on physiological stress processes has also advanced ...significantly. One of the major advances in this literature has been the emergence of the Allostatic Load model as a central organizing theory for understanding the physiology of stress. In this article, the Allostatic Load model is used as an organizing framework for reviewing the vast literature that has considered health outcomes that are associated with exposure to psychosocial stressors at work. This review spans multiple disciplines and includes a critical discussion of management and applied psychology research, epidemiological studies, and recent developments in biology, neuroendocrinology, and physiology that provide insight into how workplace experiences affect well-being. The authors critically review the literature within an Allostatic Load framework, with a focus on primary (e.g., stress hormones, anxiety and tension) and secondary (e.g., resting blood pressure, cholesterol, body mass index) mediators, as well as tertiary disease end points (e.g., cardiovascular disease, depression, mortality). Recommendations are provided for how future research can offer deeper insight into primary Allostatic Load processes that explain the effects of workplace experiences on mental and physical well-being.
PDF
