This study introduces a novel nanocomposite coating composed of PANI/CeOsub.2 nanocomposite films, aimed at addressing corrosion protection needs. Analysis through FTIR spectra and XRD patterns ...confirms the successful formation of the nanocomposite films. Notably, the PANI/CeOsub.2 nanocomposite films exhibit a hydrophilic nature. The bandgap energy of the PANI composite film is measured to be 3.74 eV, while the introduction of CeOsub.2 NPs into the PANI matrix reduces the bandgap energy to 3.67 eV. Furthermore, the electrical conductivity of the PANI composite film is observed to be 0.40 S·cmsup.−1, with the incorporation of CeOsub.2 NPs leading to an increase in electrical conductivity to 1.07 S·cmsup.−1. To evaluate its efficacy, electrochemical measurements were conducted to assess the corrosion protection performance. Results indicate a high protection efficiency of 92.25% for the PANI/CeOsub.2 nanocomposite film.
Heavy metal pollution has become one of the most serious environmental problems today. The preparation of magnesium hydroxy carbonate from low-grade magnesite, and the chemical precipitation of heavy ...metal wastewater with magnesium hydroxy carbonate as precipitating agent were undertaken. The removal efficiencies of heavy metals were improved by increasing the dose of magnesium hydroxy carbonate, and the applicable dose of magnesium hydroxy carbonate was 0.30 g for 50 mL of the wastewater (6,000 mg/L). The precipitation reactions proceeded thoroughly within 20 min. At this time, the removal efficiencies of heavy metals were above 99.9%. The final pH value was 7.1, the residual VO
, Cr
and Fe
concentrations were 0.01, 0.05 and 1.12 mg/L, respectively, which conformed to the limit of discharge set by China (0.5-2.0 mg/L, GB 8978-1996). The precipitate was mainly composed of Fe
O
, V
O
and Cr
O
, which can be recycled as secondary raw material for metallurgical industry. The treatment of the heavy metal wastewater with magnesium hydroxy carbonate was successful in decreasing the concentrations of VO
, Cr
and Fe
in wastewater.
Additive manufacturing (AM) has the potential to disrupt the ceramic industry by offering new opportunities to manufacture advanced ceramic components without the need for expensive tooling, thereby ...reducing production costs and lead times and increasing design freedom. Whilst the development and implementation of AM technologies in the ceramic industry has been slower than in the polymer and metal industries, there is now considerable interest in developing AM processes capable of producing defect-free, fully dense ceramic components. A large variety of AM technologies can be used to shape ceramics, but variable results have been obtained so far. Selecting the correct AM process for a given application not only depends on the requirements in terms of density, surface finish, size and geometrical complexity of the part, but also on the nature of the particular ceramic to be processed. This paper provides a detailed review of the current state-of-the-art in AM of advanced ceramics through a systematic evaluation of the capabilities of each AM technology, with an emphasis on reported results in terms of final density, surface finish and mechanical properties. An in-depth analysis of the opportunities, issues, advantages and limitations arising when processing advanced ceramics with each AM technology is also provided.
In order to investigate the effect of Co contents on the structure and cavitation erosion property, NiTiAlCrCoxN films were prepared by the magnetron sputtering system. The X-ray diffractometer ...(XRD), the scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) were used to characterize the structure and morphology of the films. The nanoindenter and the scratch tester were used to analyze the mechanical properties of the films. Cavitation erosion experiments were carried out by the ultrasonic vibration cavitation machine. The results show that NiTiAlCrCoxN films with different Co contents have a simple face-centered cubic (FCC) structure and show a preferred orientation on the (200) crystal plane. The diffraction angle on the (200) crystal plane decreases and the interplanar spacing increases with the increase in Co content in NiTiAlCrCoxN films. NiTiAlCrCoxN films exhibit a typical columnar crystalline structure. With the increase in Co content, the nanohardness of the films increases and the elastic modulus of the films decreases, while the mass loss of cavitation erosion monotonously increases except for the film with a 1.2 Co molar ratio. The NiTiAlCrCosub.1.4N film has a minimum hardness of 13.264 GPa, a maximum elastic modulus of 253.22 GPa and a minimum mass loss of 0.72 mg in the cavitation erosion experiment. The NiTiAlCrCosub.1.4N film exhibits the best cavitation corrosion resistance because the addition of the Co element enhances the solid solution strengthening effect and the NiTiAlCrCox sub.1.4N film with the biggest elastic modulus has better elasticity to reduce the micro jet impact.
In this study, we report the influence of the Pt concentration in Cosub.xPtsub.100−x alloys on the catalytic activity of the alloys for 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) reduction. More precisely, a series of ...Cosub.xPtsub.100−x alloys with a Pt concentration ranging between 60% and 95% were prepared using electrodeposition at controlled potentials from stable hexachloroplatinate aqueous solution. The Pt concentration was tuned by varying the electrodeposition potential from −0.6 to −0.9 V. The changes in the Cosub.xPtsub.100−x alloy microstructure and crystalline structure have been investigated using SEM and TEM analysis. Our results show that the microstructure and the crystalline structure of the as-prepared materials do not depend on the electrodeposition potential. However, the catalytic activity of Cosub.xPtsub.100−x alloys is closely correlated with the potential applied during electrochemical synthesis, hence the Pt content. We demonstrated that the synthesized materials present a high catalytic activity (approx. 90%) after six cycles of reusability despite the fact that the Pt content of the as-prepared alloys decreases. The easy preparation method that guarantees more than 97% catalytic activity of the Cosub.xPtsub.100−x alloys, the easy recovery from solution, and the possibility of reusing the Cosub.xPtsub.100−x alloys are the benefits of the present study.
China is the world’s largest producer and consumer of non-ferrous metals. With a characteristic of energy-intensive, China’s non-ferrous metal industry is under enormous pressure to reduce carbon ...emissions. Accelerating the process of technical change is an effective way to reduce the carbon intensity of the non-ferrous metal industry. Based on industry data from 30 Chinese provinces during 2005–2017, this study calculated the technical change and corresponding decompositions utilising the slacks-based measure method and the Malmquist-Luenberger index. Subsequently, the impact of technical change on carbon intensity in terms of magnitude and direction is discussed, and the mediation effects among three technical change indexes and carbon intensity are analysed. The research results show that (1) during 2005–2017, the technical change of China’s nonferrous metal industry presented an overall growth trend, mainly contributed by the magnitude technical change. Simultaneously, there was variation in the technical change among the provinces. (2) The progress of magnitude technical change could continuously reduce carbon intensity in China’s non-ferrous metal industry, whereas with a characteristic of energy-using, the biased technical change will weaken the positive impact of technical change. (3) The technical change can reduce the carbon intensity of the non-ferrous metal industry by reducing energy consumption and optimising the energy structure. These findings suggest that effective promotion of technical change requires more targeted polices to reduce regional heterogeneity. The government should also encourage non-ferrous metal enterprises to reduce overcapacity, accelerate the process of high-end industry, strengthen the secondary recycling of materials and promote the use of clean energy.
•The TCH of China's NMI shows an increasing trend.•MTCH made a major contribution to the TCH.•Heterogeneity of TCH exists between different regions.•TCH can continually promote the CI reduction in China’s NMI.•Energy consumption and energy structure are important mediators.
Although substantial concerns about the inflammatory effects of engineered nanomaterial (ENM) have been raised, experimentally assessing toxicity of various ENMs is challenging and time-consuming. ...Alternatively, quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models have been employed to assess nanosafety. However, no previous attempt has been made to predict the inflammatory potential of ENMs.
By employing metal oxide nanoparticles (MeONPs) as a model ENM, we aimed to develop QSAR models for prediction of the inflammatory potential by their physicochemical properties.
We built a comprehensive data set of 30 MeONPs to screen a proinflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-1 beta (
) release in THP-1 cell line. The
hazard ranking was validated in mouse lungs by oropharyngeal instillation of six randomly selected MeONPs. We established QSAR models for prediction of MeONP-induced inflammatory potential via machine learning. The models were further validated against seven new MeONPs. Density functional theory (DFT) computations were exploited to decipher the key mechanisms driving inflammatory responses of MeONPs.
Seventeen out of 30 MeONPs induced excess
production in THP-1 cells.
disease outcomes were highly relevant to the
data. QSAR models were developed for inflammatory potential, with predictive accuracy (ACC) exceeding 90%. The models were further validated experimentally against seven independent MeONPs (
). DFT computations and experimental results further revealed the underlying mechanisms: MeONPs with metal electronegativity lower than 1.55 and positive
were more likely to cause lysosomal damage and inflammation.
released in THP-1 cells can be an index to rank the inflammatory potential of MeONPs. QSAR models based on
were able to predict the inflammatory potential of MeONPs. Our approach overcame the challenge of time- and labor-consuming biological experiments and allowed for computational assessment of MeONP inflammatory potential by characterization of their physicochemical properties. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP6508.
This study assessed the distribution of five heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn, and Fe) across the various stages of treatment in three selected sewage treatment facilities and their receiving waterbodies ...in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. Aqueous and solid (sludge) samples were collected monthly from September 2015 to February 2016. Quantitation was achieved by atomic absorption spectrometry after necessary sample preparations. Concentrations of heavy metal cations in the sludge generally varied from <DL (below detection limit) to 1.17 mg kg−1, <DL to 0.14 mg kg−1, 27.588 to 69.789 mg kg−1, and <DL to 0.099 mg kg−1 for Cu, Cd, Fe and Pb; while Zn was below detection all through. Similarly, the levels of Cu, Cd, and Fe in the influents, effluents, upstream and downstream across the three plants ranged from <DL–6.588 mg L−1, <DL–0.636 mg L−1, <DL–0.878 mg L−1 and <DL–0.711 mg L−1, respectively; Zn and Pb were less than DL in all the matrices and study locations. All the contaminants were below hazardous levels in all the sludge and aqueous samples except Cd which was higher in effluents and surface waters across the board. Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP)-A exhibited better removal capacity for Fe (86.6%), compared to WWTP-B (34.7%) and WWTP-C (56.9%). However, the removal of Cu and Zn was very poor in all the treatment facilities studied. Carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks evaluated were sufficiently low. This suggests that the levels of contamination, even with respect to Cd, was minimal. Nevertheless, efforts should be made to keep the concentrations of these contaminants at levels safe for humans and aquatic organisms. Furthermore, the use of the effluents from these facilities for irrigation should be discouraged to prevent unnecessary build-up of metals in the soil and plants grown with such, as well as subsequent bioaccumulation and biomagnification in the food chain.
Nowadays, deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are seen as environmentally friendly alternatives with the potential to replace traditional solvents used in hydrometallurgical processes. Although DESs have ...been successfully applied in the recovery of metals from secondary sources, there is still innovative potential regarding DESs as green leaching agents applied in the recovery of metals from primary sources like polysulfide ores. This study aimed to evaluate the characteristics of DESs as solvents for some of the main metals present in typical polymetallic concentrates, like Cu, Fe, Pb, and Zn. Thus, three DESs based on choline chloride (ChCl) were prepared: 1:2 ChCl-urea (also known as reline), 1:2 ChCl-ethylene glycol (also known as ethaline), and 1:2 ChCl-glycerol (also known as glyceline). Then, dissolution tests at 30 °C were carried out with these DESs and different metal- (Cu, Fe, Pb, and Zn) bearing compounds (sulfates, oxides, and sulfides). According to the dissolution tests, it was found that the solubility of the studied metals (expressed as g of metal per Kg of DES) was dictated by the bearing species, reaching the dissolution of the metals from sulfates with values as high as two orders of magnitude higher than the metal solubility values for metal oxides and sulfides.
![Synthesized PANI/CeO[sub.2]...](http://api.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/image/issn/XR4PS5YY4K/2079-4991/small "Synthesized PANI/CeO[sub.2] Nanocomposite Films for Enhanced Anti-Corrosion Performance")
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