In nature, plants are exposed to a range of climatic conditions. Those negatively impacting plant growth and survival are called abiotic stresses. Although abiotic stresses have been extensively ...studied separately, little is known about their interactions. Here, we investigate the impact of long-term mild metal exposure on the cold acclimation of Salix viminalis roots using physiological, transcriptomic, and proteomic approaches. We found that, while metal exposure significantly affected plant morphology and physiology, it did not impede cold acclimation. Cold acclimation alone increased glutathione content and glutathione reductase activity. It also resulted in the increase in transcripts and proteins belonging to the heat-shock proteins and related to the energy metabolism. Exposure to metals decreased antioxidant capacity but increased catalase and superoxide dismutase activity. It also resulted in the overexpression of transcripts and proteins related to metal homeostasis, protein folding, and the antioxidant machinery. The simultaneous exposure to both stressors resulted in effects that were not the simple addition of the effects of both stressors taken separately. At the antioxidant level, the response to both stressors was like the response to metals alone. While this should have led to a reduction of frost tolerance, this was not observed. The impact of the simultaneous exposure to metals and cold acclimation on the transcriptome was unique, while at the proteomic level the cold acclimation component seemed to be dominant. Some genes and proteins displayed positive interaction patterns. These genes and proteins were related to the mitigation and reparation of oxidative damage, sugar catabolism, and the production of lignans, trehalose, and raffinose. Interestingly, none of these genes and proteins belonged to the traditional ROS homeostasis system. These results highlight the importance of the under-studied role of lignans and the ROS damage repair and removal system in plants simultaneously exposed to multiple stressors.
In this work, a TiOsub.2/Insub.2Ssub.3 heterojunction film was successfully synthesized using a one-step hydrothermal method and applied in the photocathodic protection (PCP) of 304SS. The octahedral ...Insub.2Ssub.3 and Insub.2Ssub.3@TiOsub.2 nanoparticles combined and coexisted with each other, with Insub.2Ssub.3 quantum dots growing on the surface of TiOsub.2 to form Insub.2Ssub.3@TiOsub.2 with a wrapping structure. The composite photoelectrode, which includes TiOsub.2 with a mixed crystalline phase and Insub.2Ssub.3, exhibited significantly enhanced PCP performance for 304SS compared with pure Insub.2Ssub.3 and TiOsub.2. The Insub.2Ssub.3@TiOsub.2/Insub.2Ssub.3 composites with 0.3 g of P25 titanium dioxide (P25) showed the best protection performance, resulting in a cathodic shift of its OCP coupled with 304SS to −0.664 Vsub.AgCl. The electron transfer tracking results demonstrate that Insub.2Ssub.3@TiOsub.2/Insub.2Ssub.3 forms a Z-scheme heterojunction structure. The enhanced PCP performance could be attributed to the synergistic effect of the mixed crystalline phase and the Z-scheme heterojunction system. The mixed crystalline phase of TiOsub.2 provides more electrons, and these electrons are gathered at higher energy potentials in the Z-scheme system. Additionally, the built-in electric field further promotes the more effective electrons transfer from photoelectrode to the protected metals, thus, leading to enhanced photoelectrochemical cathodic protection of 304SS.
Textile wastewater heavy metal pollution has become a severe environmental problem worldwide. Metal ion inclusion in a dye molecule exhibits a bathochromic shift producing deeper but duller shades, ...which provides excellent colouration. The ejection of a massive volume of wastewater containing heavy metal ions such as Cr (VI), Pb (II), Cd (II) and Zn (II) and metal‐containing dyes are an unavoidable consequence because the textile industry consumes large quantities of water and all these chemicals cannot be combined entirely with fibres during the dyeing process. These high concentrations of chemicals in effluents interfere with the natural water resources, cause severe toxicological implications on the environment with a dramatic impact on human health. This article reviewed the various metal‐containing dye types and their heavy metal ions pollution from entryway to the wastewater, which then briefly explored the effects on human health and the environment. Graphene‐based absorbers, specially graphene oxide (GO) benefits from an ordered structured, high specific surface area, and flexible surface functionalization options, which are indispensable to realize a high performance of heavy metal ion removal. These exceptional adsorption properties of graphene‐based materials support a position of ubiquity in our everyday lives. The collective representation of the textile wastewater‘s effective remediation methods is discussed and focused on the GO‐based adsorption methods. Understanding the critical impact regarding the GO‐based materials established adsorption portfolio for heavy metal ions removal are also discussed. Various heavy‐metal ions and their pollutant effect, ways to remove such heavy metal ions and role of graphene‐based adsorbent including their demand, perspective, limitation, and relative scopes are discussed elaborately in the review.
The growing environmental problems caused by toxic heavy metal ions from the industrial textile activities are now the subject of considerable concern for environmental remediation. Graphene oxide and its related compounds envisage emerging solutions to adsorb those pollutant metal ions.
Synthetic cathinones (SC) are drugs of abuse that have been reported in wastewaters and rivers raising concern about potential hazards to non-target organisms. In this work, 44 SC were selected for ...in silico studies, and a group of five emerging SC was prioritized for further in vivo ecotoxicity studies: buphedrone (BPD), 3,4-dimethylmethcathinone (3,4-DMMC), butylone (BTL), 3-methylmethcathinone (3-MMC), and 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV). In vivo short-term exposures were performed with the protozoan Tetrahymena thermophila (28 h growth inhibition assay) and the microcrustacean Daphnia magna by checking different indicators of toxicity across life stage (8 days sublethal assay at 10.00 µg Lsup.−1). The in silico approaches predicted a higher toxic potential of MDPV and lower toxicity of BTL to the model organisms (green algae, protozoan, daphnia, and fish), regarding the selected SC for the in vivo experiments. The in vivo assays showed protozoan growth inhibition with MDPV > BPD > 3,4-DMMC, whereas no effects were observed for BTL and stimulation of growth was observed for 3-MMC. For daphnia, the responses were dependent on the substance and life stage. Briefly, all five SC interfered with the morphophysiological parameters of juveniles and/or adults. Changes in swimming behavior were observed for BPD and 3,4-DMMC, and reproductive parameters were affected by MDPV. Oxidative stress and changes in enzymatic activities were noted except for 3-MMC. Overall, the in silico data agreed with the in vivo protozoan experiments except for 3-MMC, whereas daphnia in vivo experiments showed that at sublethal concentrations, all selected SC interfered with different endpoints. This study shows the importance to assess SC ecotoxicity as it can distress aquatic species and interfere with food web ecology and ecosystem balance.
In the quest to enhance the mechanical properties of CuP alloys, particularly focusing on the Cusub.3P phase, this study introduces a comprehensive investigation into the effects of various alloying ...elements on the alloy’s performance. In this paper, the first principle of density universal function theory and the projection-enhanced wave method under VASP 5.4.4 software are used to recalculate the lattice constants, evaluate the lattice stability, and explore the mechanical properties of selected doped elements such as In, Si, V, Al, Bi, Nb, Sc, Ta, Ti, Y and Zr, including shear, stiffness, compression, and plasticity. The investigation reveals that strategic doping with In and Si significantly enhances shear resistance and stiffness, while V addition notably augments compressive resistance. Furthermore, incorporating Al, Bi, Nb, Sc, Ta, Ti, V, Y, and Zr has substantially improved plasticity, indicating a broad spectrum of mechanical enhancement through precise alloying. Crucially, the validation of our computational models is demonstrated through hardness experiments on Si and Sn-doped specimens, corroborating the theoretical predictions. Additionally, a meticulous analysis of the states’ density further confirms our computational approach’s accuracy and reliability. This study highlights the potential of targeted alloying to tailor the mechanical properties of Cusub.3P alloys and establishes a robust theoretical framework for predicting the effects of doping in metallic alloys. The findings presented herein offer valuable insights and a novel perspective on material design and optimization, marking a significant stride toward developing advanced materials with customized mechanical properties.
Heavy metals in industrial wastewaters are posing a serious threat to the environment and to human health. Microalgae are increasingly being seen as potential solutions to this problem as they can ...remove pollutants through biosorption. This process offers certain advantages over other more traditional metal removal techniques as it is simple, inexpensive, eco‐friendly, and can be performed over a wide range of experimental conditions. Biosorption is possible due to the unique and complex structure of the microalgal cell wall. The variety of functional groups on the surface of the cell wall (such as carboxyl or amino groups) can act as binding sites for the heavy metals, thus removing them from the environment. This review focuses on the cell wall composition and structure of the most commonly used microalgae in heavy metal removal and shows the role of their cell wall in the biosorption process. This review also aims to report the most commonly used models to predict the velocity of microalgal biosorption and the removal capacities.
In this study, a renewable and reusable immobilized Microcystis aeruginosa microsphere loaded with magnetic Nano-Fesub.3Osub.4 composite adsorbent material is designed to study the treatment of ...wastewater containing heavy metal Sb(III). Through static absorption experiments combined with various characterization methods, this article studies the absorption process and mechanism of Sb(III), and investigates the optimal preparation conditions and environmental influencing factors. The results show that the optimal preparation conditions for immobilized Microcystis aeruginosa microspheres loaded with magnetic Nano-Fesub.3Osub.4 adsorbent materials are 50.0% mass fraction of Microcystis suspension, 1.5% mass fraction of Nano-Fesub.3Osub.4, and 2.5% mass fraction of sodium alginate. When the pH of the solution is 4, the reaction temperature is 25 °C, and the adsorbent dosage is 8.5 g/L, the removal rate of Sb(III) is the highest, reaching 83.62% within 120 min. The adsorption process conforms to the pseudo-second order kinetic model and Langmuir adsorption isotherm model, mainly characterized by chemical adsorption and surface complexation. Therefore, the composite material has been proven to be an efficient Sb (III) adsorption material.
SCRAP METAL BILL PASSED Ramoutar, Paras
Parliamentarian,
01/2023, Letnik:
104, Številka:
1
Journal Article
The Trinidad and Tobago Parliament has passed a new Bill aiming to modernize the regulation of the scrap metal industry, following a series of illegal transactions within recent months, including the ...theft of telephone and other communication-oriented metals. The Attorney-General, Hon. Reginald Armour said that the new Bill replaces the Old Metals and Marine Stores Act of 1904 and includes provisions to appoint scrap metal inspectors, to establish registers of licenses granted and to exercise a regulatory making power. The scrap iron industry in Trinidad and Tobago is worth TT$245 million, while worldwide, the global trade was valued at TT$128 billion (in 2020).
The results of calculations of the electronic structure, thermoelectric characteristics, and experimental study of the thermoelectric, electrical, and optical properties of Mn.sub.2MeAl Heusler ...alloys (Me = Ti, V, Cr) are presented. The agreement between theory and experiment in the sign of the Seebeck coefficient is shown. The obtained pattern of the band spectrum allows us to qualitatively explain the peculiarities of the temperature dependences of the electrical resistance and the permittivity dispersion.
As derivatives of metal halide perovskite materials, low-dimensional metal halide materials have become important materials that have attracted much attention in recent years. As one branch, ...zinc-based metal halides have the potential for practical applications due to their lead-free, low-toxicity and high-stability characteristics. However, pure zinc-based metal halide materials are still limited by their poor optical properties and cannot achieve large-scale practical applications. Therefore, in this work, we report an organic–inorganic hybrid zero-dimensional zinc bromide, (TDMP)ZnBrsub.4, using transition metal Mnsup.2+ ions as dopants and incorporating them into the (TDMP)ZnBrsub.4 lattice. The original non-emissive (TDMP)ZnBrsub.4 exhibits bright green emission under the excitation of external UV light after the introduction of Mnsup.2+ ions with a PL peak position located at 538 nm and a PLQY of up to 91.2%. Through the characterization of relevant photophysical properties and the results of theoretical calculations, we confirm that this green emission in Mnsup.2+:(TDMP)ZnBrsub.4 originates from the sup.4Tsub.1 → sup.6Asub.1 optical transition process of Mnsup.2+ ions in the lattice structure, and the near-unity PLQY benefits from highly localized electrons generated by the unique zero-dimensional structure of the host material (TDMP)ZnBrsub.4. This work provides theoretical guidance and reference for expanding the family of zinc-based metal halide materials and improving and controlling their optical properties through ion doping.
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