The present study aimed to characterize the physical properties of nanoemulsion-based sodium alginate edible coatings containing myrtle (Myrtus communis L.) essential oil and to determine its ...inhibitory effects on Listeria monocytogenes in fresh Kasar cheese during the 24-day storage at 4 °C. The GC-MS analysis showed that the main components of myrtle essential oil were 1,8-cineol (38.64%), α-pinene (30.19%), d-limonene (7.51%), and α-ocimene (6.57%). Myrtle essential oil showed an inhibitory effect on all tested L. monocytogenes strains and this effect significantly increased after ultrasonication. Minimum inhibitory and minimum bactericidal concentrations of myrtle essential oil nanoemulsion were found to be 4.00-4.67 mg/mL and 5.00-7.33 mg/mL, respectively. The antibacterial activity of myrtle essential oil nanoemulsion against L. monocytogenes was confirmed by the membrane integrity and FESEM analyses. Nanoemulsion coatings containing myrtle essential oil showed antibacterial activity against L. monocytogenes with no adverse effects on the physicochemical properties of cheese samples. Nanoemulsion coatings containing 1.0% and 2.0% myrtle essential oil reduced the L. monocytogenes population in cheese during the storage by 0.42 and 0.88 log cfu/g, respectively. These results revealed that nanoemulsion-based alginate edible coatings containing myrtle essential oil have the potential to be used as a natural food preservative.
We approached the two-dimensional rectangular strip packing problem (2D-SPP), where the main goal is to pack a given number of rectangles without any overlap to minimize the height of the strip. ...Real-life constraints must be considered when developing 2D-SPP algorithms to deliver solutions that will improve the cutting processes. In the 2D-SPP literature, a gap related to studies approaching constraints in real-life scenarios was identified. Therefore, the impact of real-life constraints found in the plasma cutting process in sheet metal waste was analyzed. A mathematical model from the literature was modified to obtain packing arrangements with plasma cutting constraints. The combination of size and number of rectangles, as well as strip width, was the main factor that affected the packing arrangement, limiting the allocation of rectangles and generating empty spaces. In summary, considering the sheet metal waste context, instances with smaller widths should be avoided in practical operations for high minimum distance constraint values, returning the worst packing arrangements. For low minimum distance constraint values, smaller width instances can be used in practical operations, as the packing arrangement is acceptable. Finally, this article can reduce material waste and enhance the cutting process in the sheet metal industry, by showing packing characteristics which lead to higher amounts of raw material waste.
Abstract
Removal of heavy metal ions from wastewater is of prime importance for a clean environment and human health. Different reported methods were devoted to heavy metal ions removal from various ...wastewater sources. These methods could be classified into adsorption-, membrane-, chemical-, electric-, and photocatalytic-based treatments. This paper comprehensively and critically reviews and discusses these methods in terms of used agents/adsorbents, removal efficiency, operating conditions, and the pros and cons of each method. Besides, the key findings of the previous studies reported in the literature are summarized. Generally, it is noticed that most of the recent studies have focused on adsorption techniques. The major obstacles of the adsorption methods are the ability to remove different ion types concurrently, high retention time, and cycling stability of adsorbents. Even though the chemical and membrane methods are practical, the large-volume sludge formation and post-treatment requirements are vital issues that need to be solved for chemical techniques. Fouling and scaling inhibition could lead to further improvement in membrane separation. However, pre-treatment and periodic cleaning of membranes incur additional costs. Electrical-based methods were also reported to be efficient; however, industrial-scale separation is needed in addition to tackling the issue of large-volume sludge formation. Electric- and photocatalytic-based methods are still less mature. More attention should be drawn to using real wastewaters rather than synthetic ones when investigating heavy metals removal. Future research studies should focus on eco-friendly, cost-effective, and sustainable materials and methods.
Heavy metals widely exist in wastewater, which is a serious threat to human health or water environment. Highly efficient removal of heavy metal ions from wastewater is a major challenge to ...wastewater treatment. In this work, capacitive removal of heavy metal ions from wastewater
an electro-adsorption and electro-reaction coupling process was originally demonstrated. The removal efficiency of heavy metal ions in the binary-component solutions containing metal nitrate (10 mg/L) and NaCl (100 mg/L) can reach 99%. Even the removal efficiency of heavy metal ions can be close to 99% in the multi-component solution containing all the seven metal nitrates (10 mg/L for each) and 100 mg/L NaCl. Meanwhile, the electro-adsorption and electro-reaction coupling process maintained excellent regeneration ability even after 20 cycles. Furthermore, the heavy metal ions removal mechanism was proven to be the pseudocapacitive intercalation of heavy metal ions into the layered structure of the employed W
O
/graphene in the electro-adsorption and electro-reaction coupling process. This work demonstrates great potential for general applicability to wastewater treatment.
The non-ferrous metal industry is encountering several challenges, including production efficiency, manufacturing information fragmentation, and human health problems, which highlights the importance ...of implementing autonomous intelligent manufacturing systems (AIMS). Recently, the foundation model like GPT-4, has garnered attentions due to its exceptional capabilities and proficiency in diverse domains and tasks, facilitating the realization of AIMS. However, the existing foundation models can only address basic general-purpose tasks and are difficult to use for industrial applications. In this paper, we propose a data and knowledge driven AIMS with industrial-generative pretrained Transformer (Industrial-GPT) for intelligent factories. The paradigms and architecture of autonomous intelligent factories are firstly defined. Then, we explore the mechanism with knowledge graph, digital twin, and Industrial-GPT, including multi-level autonomous perception, cross layer and domain cognition, and event-driven collaborative decision-making. Finally, the detailed case study is based on the cooperation with a zinc smelting intelligent factory to achieve networked collaborative manufacturing, and explores the theory and realization mechanism of AIMS on a small scale. We explore the experimental analyses, evaluation mechanisms and platform applications of AIMS at the workshop level. We believe this will help to realize larger scale AIMS in the future.
•We firstly define the autonomous intelligent manufacturing system (AIMS), and propose the architecture and basic paradigms of the AIMS. This paper contributes to the development of AIMS in the nonferrous industry.•The model as a service (MaaS) supports the collaborative empowerment of small and foundation models in vertical industries. Based on this, we introduce Industrial-GPT into specific manufacturing scenarios.•The detailed case study is based on the cooperation with a zinc smelting intelligent factory to achieve networked collaborative manufacturing, and explores the theory and realization mechanism of AIMS on a small scale.
Mgsub.80Nisub.16−xAlsub.xYsub.4 (x = 2, 4, 8) alloys were prepared by induction levitation melting, and the effect of substitution of Al for Ni on the microstructure and hydrogen storage properties ...was studied in the present work. The results illustrated that the solidification path, phase constitution, and grain size were significantly altered by Al addition. Appropriate Al addition improved abundance and grain refinement of the Mg, Mgsub.2Ni, and Mgsub.15NiY ternary eutectic. But as Al further increased, Mg solidified independently rather than in the formation of the ternary eutectic. More Al favored the formation of Alsub.3Nisub.2Y but suppressed Mgsub.2Ni and YMgNisub.4. Although the hydrogen absorption activation and the kinetic property deteriorated, the thermodynamic stability of hydrides was enhanced by adding Al. Hydrogen absorption ability under low pressure was improved, and the Mgsub.80Nisub.8Alsub.8Ysub.4 alloy could absorb nearly 3.5 wt% hydrogen under 1 bar hydrogen at 250 °C.
Environmental pollution, particularly from heavy metal ions in the wastewater, is one of the most serious concerns of the world. In the pursuit of remedial action, various conventional methods such ...as ion exchange, chemical precipitation, coagulation, membrane separation, reverse osmosis, and adsorption methods have so far been used for the removal of heavy metal ions. A good variety of adsorbents have been developed to remove different heavy metal ions from wastewater in particular those which have been detrimental to living organisms. Adsorption processes have been very demanding for high removal efficiency of heavy metal ions even at trace levels and they are low cost as compared to conventional methods. It has therefore been crucial to develop low cost and readily available adsorbents for the adsorption of heavy metal ions from wastewater. The adsorbents may be collected from agricultural and animal waste and industrial by-products. All adsorbents, by their intrinsic nature, have functional groups to play the key role in metal ion adsorption. Generally, chemically modified adsorbents enhance the surface area of the adsorbent and exhibit higher adsorption capacity than unmodified adsorbents. In this review, a series of natural waste materials and their modified forms have been evaluated for the removal of various metals from potable and wastewater. The major focus has been an accumulation of comprehensive knowledge on of the use of the low-cost adsorbents for removal of heavy metal ions.
Silver ions in wastewater streams are a major pollutant and a threat to human health. Given the increasing demand and relative scarcity of silver, these streams could be a lucrative source to extract ...metallic silver. Wastewater is a complex mixture of many different metal salts, and developing recyclable sorbents with high specificity towards silver ions remains a major challenge. Here we report that molybdenum oxide (MoO
) adsorbent with mixed-valence (Mo(V) and Mo(VI)) demonstrates high selectivity (distribution coefficient of 6437.40 mL g
) for Ag
and an uptake capacity of 2605.91 mg g
. Our experimental results and density functional theory calculations illustrate the mechanism behind Ag
adsorption and reduction. Our results show that Mo(V) species reduce Ag
to metallic Ag, which decreases the energy barrier for subsequent Ag
reductions, accounting for the high uptake of Ag
from wastewater. Due to its high selectivity, MoO
favorably adsorbs Ag
even in the presence of interfering ions. High selective recovery of Ag
from wastewater (recovery efficiency = 97.9%) further supports the practical applications of the sorbent. Finally, MoO
can be recycled following silver recovery while maintaining a recovery efficiency of 97.1% after five cycles. The method is expected to provide a viable strategy to recover silver from wastewater.
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