This article examines how 193 constitutions address foreign citizens' and stateless persons' rights. As of May 2014, 24% of constitutions protected foreign citizens from discrimination; 17% ...guaranteed equal educational access, 15% granted equal employment and health rights and 12% guaranteed all of the civil rights we examined to foreign citizens. Stateless persons' rights were less commonly protected. Guarantees of non-citizens' rights peaked among constitutions adopted during the 1990s. Constitutional protections of non-citizens were most common in Europe and Central Asia and absent in South Asia and the Middle East and North Africa. Several constitutions also restricted or denied non-citizens' rights.
The aim of this article is to examine whether the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) has helped diffuse convention-friendly policy approaches to the benefit of migrants’ and ...asylum seekers’ rights in Greece. From the late 1990s onwards, a growing case law was derived from applications lodged by migrants, which has considerably increased since 2007. Migrants’ legal mobilisation before the ECtHR has exposed a number of shortcomings in the protection of their rights. It is unclear, however, whether the Court’s rulings have served to promote a reinforced human rights paradigm in the development of policies affecting migrants and asylum seekers in the country. The analysis investigates the implementation of the ECtHR’s judgments, evaluating the principal measures that the Greek state has so far adopted to comply with the Court’s pronouncements.
In this article social movement theory is used to assess the strategic repertoire of a relatively new sector of nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) advocating for migrants rights in Ireland. ...Pro-migrant NGOs are majority community-led and face a challenging political and societal context for mobilization including a restrictive immigration regime, political and media discourse that racializes migrants, weak public support for the expansion of migrants' rights, and high rates of discrimination and social exclusion experienced by migrant communities. A competitive funding environment also inhibits pro-migrant NGOs capacity to work with emerging migrant-led organizations that simultaneously compete for state and foundation funds. Pro-migrant NGOs in Ireland have responded with a three levelled strategy, namely alliance building with sympathetic public officials and service and information provision to state bodies, campaigns contesting negative media and societal framing of migrants, and networking with transnational NGO coalitions working on immigration issues. Dans cet article, la théorie du mouvement social est utilisée pour évaluer le répertoire stratégique d'un secteur relativement nouveau qui fait valoir les droits des immigrés en Irlande par le biais des Organisations non gouvernementales. Celles-ci sont en faveur de l'émigration recevant l'aval des communautés et font face à un défi du contexte politique et social stimulant y compris un régime d'immigration restrictif, un discours politique médiatisé qui a tendance à marginaliser les émigrés, un appui du public sporadique en ce qui concerne l'extension des droits des immigrés et beaucoup de discrimination et d'exclusion sont endurées par les émigrés. Un environnement de financement compétitif empêche également la possibilité aux organisations non gouvernementales en faveur de l'immigration de travailler de pair avec les organisations menées par les émigrés qui rivalisent simultanément avec l'état et les fonds nécessaires. Des Organisations non gouvernementales en faveur de l'immigration en Irlande ont répondu par une stratégie à trois niveaux: (1) La mise au point d'une d'alliance avec des fonctionnaires publics compatissants et le service et l'information prévisionnelle destinée aux corps étatiques. (2) Des campagnes contestant la négativité des médias et l'encadrement social des émigrants. (3) Et enfin la constitution de réseaux de coalitions d'Organisations non gouvernementales transnationales travaillant sur les questions des problèmes suscités par d'immigration. In diesem Artikel wird die Theorie der sozialen Bewegung genutzt, um das strategische Repertoire eines relativ neuen NGO-Sektors, der sich für die Rechte von Migranten in Irland einsetzt, zu bewerten. Pro-migrant-NGOs sind mehrheitlich von lokalen Gemeinschaften geführt und stehen einem schwierigen politischen und gesellschaftlichen Kontext für die Mobilisierung gegenüber, inklusive restriktivem Immigrationsregelwerk, politischem und medialem Diskurs, der Migranten rassifiziert, schwacher öffentlicher Zustimmung für eine Ausweitung der Rechte von Migranten und hohen Raten von Diskriminierung und sozialem Ausschluss von Migrantengemeinschaften. Ein umkämpftes Finanzierungsumfeld blockiert auch die Fähigkeit von pro-migrant-NGOs, mit aufstrebenden von Migranten geführten Organisationen zu arbeiten, die simultan um Gelder von Staat und Stiftungen konkurrieren. Pro-migrant-NGOs in Irland haben mit einer Strategie auf drei Ebenen geantwortet, nämlich Bündnisschließung mit sympathisierenden Amtsträgern und Bereitstellung von Service und Informationen zu staatlichen Institutionen; Kampagnen, die die negativen Medienberichte über und gesellschaftliche Einrahmung von Migranten anfechten und Pflege von Beziehungen zu grenzüberschreitenden NGO-Koalitionen, die an Immigrationsfragen arbeiten. En este artículo se utiliza la teoría del movimiento social para valorar el repertorio estratégico de un sector relativamente nuevo de ONG que luchan por los derechos de los emigrantes en Irlanda. Las ONG defensoras de los emigrantes están encabezadas mayoritariamente por comunidades y afrontan un difícil contexto político y social para la movilización, como un régimen de inmigración restrictivo, un discurso político y de los medios racista con los inmigrantes, escaso apoyo público para la difusión de los derechos de los emigrantes y altas tasas de discriminación y exclusión social entre las comunidades de emigrantes. El competitivo entorno de financiación también frena la capacidad de las ONG pro-emigrantes para trabajar con las organizaciones emergentes lideradas por emigrantes que también compiten por la financiación del estado y de fundaciones. Las ONG pro-emigrantes en Irlanda han respondido con una estrategia de tres niveles, a saber: el establecimiento de alianzas con funcionarios públicos compasivos, la disposición de servicios e información para los organismos del estado, campañas para responder a los medios contrarios y marcos sociales de emigrantes, así como redes de coaliciones trasnacionales de ONG que trabajen en cuestiones relacionadas con la emigración.
This paper is concerned with how existing migration policies affect individual migrant women's choices, in particular, with the advancement, or consolidation, of a migrants' rights perspective. The ...focus is thereby on those migrants classified as unskilled, who constitute the largest and most vulnerable category among migrants. The analysis of migration policies has conventionally been approached from a state/government‐centred viewpoint that sees states as the key actors. This paper, however, emphasises a larger number of actors ‐ governmental and non‐governmental ‐ as well as the power relations among them to argue that protection through “legal regulation” in the absence of actual implementation is an incomplete solution to alleviate unfair labour conditions that migrants in general, and migrant women specifically, experience. Measures designed to “protect” migrants must be accompanied by measures that empower them, a role that has largely been taken on by existing migrant worker non‐governmental organisations (NGOs). Focussing on intra‐Asian migration flows in which Southeast Asia is the main labour sender and East Asia the receiver of Southeast Asian migrants, the paper explores the nexus between law and civic activism in the specific subject area of international labour migration and its gender implications.
During the last few decades new norms and migratory patterns have presented an unknown level of globalization never seen before in history; the migrants rights included as well. International ...migration has never had so much diffusion, nor has it been as important in politics and socioeconomics as it is today. Such evens have never before been seen as a problem that could affect the receiving country’s national security and intimately cause conflict at a global scale. Migration from Mexico to the U.S. has become the largest migratory circuit the world’s ever seen between two countries. Millions of Mexicans await for the humanitarian rights from international conventions to become a reality. Systematic violations, where the U.S. legislation doesn’t consider rights that are practiced in various other areas, reflecting modern conflict between Iusnaturalism and Legal Positivism.
Durante las últimas décadas se han erigido nuevas pautas y patrones migratorios que han contribuido a que los movimientos migratorios presenten un nivel de globalización nunca antes conocido en la historia. Incluido los derechos del migrante mismo. La migración internacional jamás ha tenido tanta difusión, ni ha sido tan importante en términos políticos y socioeconómicos como lo es hoy en día. Ni nunca antes se había percibido a esta como un problema que afectara a la seguridad nacional de los países receptores y en estrecha relación con el conflicto a escala global. La migración de México a Estados Unidos se ha convertido en el mayor circuito migratorio entre dos países en el mundo. Millones de mexicanos esperan que los derechos emanados de las convenciones internacionales se hagan realidad. Violación sistemática donde la legislación de Estados Unidos no admite recomendaciones de supuestos derechos naturales que se cocinan en otras latitudes. Reflejo de la pugna moderna entre el Iusnaturalismo y el Positivismo Jurídico.
This chapter contains sections titled:
Defining Terms
Transnationality and Urban Studies
Migration and Urban Transnationalities
A Comparative Perspective of the Varying Transnationality of Cities
...Conclusion
References
Introduction Martínez, Samuel
International Migration and Human Rights,
11/2009
Book Chapter
This chapter highlights the threats to migrants' rights and safety that flow from U.S. policies relating to immigration control, international trade, drug-trafficking suppression, and national ...security. Its contributors reach beyond consideration of immigration policy per se to encompass also the repercussions of U.S. global leadership in several fields. This study seeks to bring the state back into scholarly theorizing and analysis of international migration. It extends the discussion beyond the level of whole states and national populations around which much of the scholarly debate about immigration policy has revolved, to try to capture the realities of international migration as these are perceived by the individuals involved. International migration is most dramatically visible in its scale and its political and cultural effects.
India was one of the leading countries to implement the initial lockdown to contain the COVID-19 pandemic, but still, the lockdown failed and within a few months, India joined the list of countries ...most affected by the coronavirus epidemic. Why did this transpire? What were the reasons abaft this? Where did the Indian government miss? This manuscript endeavors to study the lacunae in the lockdown plans of the Indian Government and highlights the mistakes committed by the Government which caused the lockdown in India to fail and further exposed the domestic migrant laborers to unbearable difficulties. The manuscript argues that the fundamental and economic rights bestowed upon the domestic migrant workers and other laborers under labor laws and the Indian constitution were breached extensively during the lockdown and that the state’s policies during the lockdown worsened the condition of the domestic migrant workers.
Many low-income countries and development organizations are calling for greater liberalization of labor immigration policies in high-income countries. At the same time, human rights organizations and ...migrant rights advocates demand more equal rights for migrant workers.The Price of Rightsshows why you cannot always have both.
Examining labor immigration policies in over forty countries, as well as policy drivers in major migrant-receiving and migrant-sending states, Martin Ruhs finds that there are trade-offs in the policies of high-income countries between openness to admitting migrant workers and some of the rights granted to migrants after admission. Insisting on greater equality of rights for migrant workers can come at the price of more restrictive admission policies, especially for lower-skilled workers. Ruhs advocates the liberalization of international labor migration through temporary migration programs that protect a universal set of core rights and account for the interests of nation-states by restricting a few specific rights that create net costs for receiving countries.
The Price of Rightsanalyzes how high-income countries restrict the rights of migrant workers as part of their labor immigration policies and discusses the implications for global debates about regulating labor migration and protecting migrants. It comprehensively looks at the tensions between human rights and citizenship rights, the agency and interests of migrants and states, and the determinants and ethics of labor immigration policy.
Who is meant when people talk about the citizens or the activists? Often, they are implied to mean the most privileged positionalities. Simultaneously, refugees and migrants tend to be seen through ...their (supposed) legal status. Thus, they are neither practically nor conceptually regarded as activists. The variety of intersecting positionings in migrant rights activism results in complex inequalities and power dynamics within activist groups. Solidarities are continually challenged, negotiated, and built. Lea Rzadtki develops a conceptual view on claims, challenges, and processes that activists experience and deal with. She moves beyond dichotomies and engages in transversal dialogue.
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