Anti-Helicobacter pylori effects of IgY from egg york of immunized hens Yang, Y.H., Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea; Park, D.S., Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea; Yang, G.E., Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea ...
Laboratory animal research,
03/2012, Letnik:
28, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Effects of egg york containing IgY specific for Helicobacter pylori on the bacterial growth and intragastric infection were investigated in comparison with a proton-pump inhibitor pantoprazole. For ...in vitro antibacterial activity test, H. pylori (1×10∨8 CFU/mL) was incubated with a serially diluted IgY for 3 days. As a result, IgY fully inhibited the bacterial growth at 16 mg/mL, which was determined to a minimal inhibitory concentration. In vivo elimination study, male C57BL/6 mice were infected with the bacteria by intragastric inoculation (1×10∨8 CFU/mouse) 3 times at 2-day intervals, and 2 weeks later, orally treated twice a day with 50, 100, 200 or 500 mg/kg IgY for 18 days. After the final administration, biopsy sample of the gastric mucosa was assayed for the bacterial identification via urease, oxidase, catalase, nitrate reduction and H₂S tests in addition to microscopic examination for mucosal inflammation. In CLO kit test, 75, 50, 12.5 and 12.5% of the animals revealed positive reaction following treatment with 50, 100, 200 and 500 mg/kg IgY, respectively, resulting in a superior efficacy at 200 mg/kg than 30 mg/kg pantoprazole that displayed 75% elimination. The CLO test results were confirmed by bacterial identification. Microscopic examination revealed that H. pylori infection caused severe gastric mucosal inflammation, which were not observed in the CLO-negative mice following treatment with IgY or pantoprazole. Taken together, IgY inhibited the growth of H. pylori, and improved gastritis and villi injuries by eliminating the bacteria from the stomach. The results indicate that IgY could be a good candidate overcoming tolerance of antibiotics for the treatment of H. pylori-mediated gastric ulcers.
Antibacterial Properties Associated with Microorganisms Isolated from Arctic Lichens Kim, M.K., SunMoon University, Asan, Republic of Korea; Park, H., Korea Polar Research Institute, Songdo TechnoPark, Incheon, Republic of Korea; Oh, T.J., SunMoon University, Asan, Republic of Korea
Korean Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology,
12/2012, Letnik:
40, Številka:
4
Journal Article
A total of 5 different polar microorganisms were isolated from Arctic lichens and their bioactive compounds were extracted from cell culture using different solvents including acetone, water, ...chloroform, diethylether, ethanol, ethyl acetate, methanol, and petroleum ether. The antibacterial properties of the extracts were evaluated by disk diffusion tests and minimal inhibitory concentration tests against 6 bacterial pathogens; Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Micrococcus luteus, Enterobacter cloacae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. Among the extraction samples, ethyl acetate extracts of Burkholderia sordidicola S5-B∨T (KOPRI 26644) showed the highest activity (inhibition zone, 7-10 mm; MIC value, 57.5-1000 ug/ml) against targeted bacteria. Among the various solvents used for extraction, chloroform extract exhibited the weakest, but still obvious, activity.
Propolis antimicrobial activity against periodontopathic bacteria Gebara, Elaine C.E.(Universidade de São Paulo Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Departamento de Microbiologia,Universidade de São Paulo Faculdade de Odontologia Divisão Periodontia); Lima, Luiz A.(Universidade de São Paulo Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Departamento de Microbiologia); Mayer, Marcia P.A.(Universidade de São Paulo Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Departamento de Microbiologia)
Brazilian journal of microbiology,
12/2002, Letnik:
33, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Propolis extract antimicrobial activity against periodontopathic (ATCC) bacteria was investigated "in vitro". Bacterial strains tested were: Prevotella intermedia, Prevotella melaninogenica, ...Porphyromonas gingivalis, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Capnocytophaga gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) for the strains tested was determined using the method of broth dilution with the propolis extract in serial concentrations. Results showed MIC of 1 µg/ml for Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Capnocytophaga gingivalis; and 0.25 µg/ml for Prevotella intermedia, Prevotella melaninogenica, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum. Some superinfectant organisms were also tested: Candida albicans susceptibility to propolis ethanolic extract was demonstrated at a concentration of 12 µg/ml. The MIC for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus (wild types) was 14 µg/ml. All periodontal pathogens and superinfectants tested were susceptible to the propolis extract. The positive results suggest that the propolis extract should be further tested as an adjuvant to periodontal therapy.
A atividade antimicrobiana da própolis contra bactérias periodontopatogênicas (ATCC) foi investigada através de testes "in vitro". As cepas bacterianas testadas foram: Prevotella intermedia, Prevotella melaninogenica, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Capnocytophaga gingivalis e Fusobacterium nucleatum. A concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) foi determinada usando-se o método de diluição do extrato de própolis no meio de cultura em diferentes concentrações. Os resultados demonstraram CIM de 1 µg/ml para Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans e Capnocytophaga gingivalis; e 0,25 µg/ml para Prevotella intermedia, Prevotella melaninogenica, Porphyromonas gingivalis e Fusobacterium nucleatum. Alguns microrganismos que desempenham "in vivo" papel de superinfectantes também foram testados: a susceptibilidade de Candida albicans ao extrato etanólico de própolis foi observada na concentração de 12 µg/ml. A CIM para Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli e Staphylococcus aureus (tipo selvagem) foi de 14 µg/ml. Todos os patógenos periodontais e microrganismos superinfectantes testados foram sensíveis ao extrato de própolis testado. Os resultados obtidos encorajam a realização de novos estudos com esse extrato de própolis, para avaliar sua utilização como coadjuvante ao tratamento periodontal.
Résumé
Dans cette étude, nous avons évalué l’activité antibactérienne des extraits aqueux et des extraits issus de solvants à polarité croissante à savoir : l’hexane, l’acétone et le méthanol de deux ...plantes médicinales
Nigella sativa
L. et
Foeniculum vulgare
Mill. La technique de dilution en milieu liquide a été utilisée pour la détermination des concentrations minimales inhibitrices (CMI) et des concentrations minimales bactéricides (CMB). La recherche menée a concerné dix souches bactériennes impliquées dans plusieurs infections humaines (
Klebsiella pneumoniae
, Leclercia, Pantoea,
Enterobacter spp
,
Enterobacter cloacae
,
Enterobacter agglomerans
, Serratia,
Hafnia alvei
,
Staphylococcus aureus
résistant à la méthicilline (SARM) et
Listeria innocua)
. Le calcul des rendements des extractions a montré que le meilleur rendement est obtenu avec l’extrait hexanique avec 14,9 et 8,4 % pour
Nigella sativa
et
Foeniculum vulgare
Mill. respectivement. Par ailleurs, les résultats des observations des tests ont prouvé que tous les extraits organiques préparés ont une activité sur les bactéries étudiées. La détermination des CMI a mis en évidence des niveaux d’action variables selon les souches. Concernant
Nigella sativa
, l’extrait méthanolique est le plus actif suivi de l’extrait acétonique avec des CMI qui varient de 25 à 50 μg/ml et, enfin, l’extrait hexanique dont les CMI vont de 25 à 100 μg/ml. Concernant
Foeniculum vulgare
Mill., tous les extraits organiques ont dévoilé des CMI allant de 12,5 à 50 μg/ml. La détermination des CMB a montré que les extraits des deux plantes étudiées ont un effet bactéricide à l’exception de l’extrait hexanique de
Foeniculum vulgare
Mill. qui a présenté un effet bactériostatique sur
Enterobacter agglomerans
et sur SARM.
The present study was conducted to investigate antibacterial activity of methanolic and aqueous extracts obtained from aerial parts of Mesembryanthemum nodiflorum and Corrigiola telephiifolia Pourr., ...root, using the disc-diffusion and microdilution assays. The extracts were tested against Gram-positive bacteria: Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus and Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The methanol extracts of plants screened revealed promising antibacterial activities against most pathogens bacteria. Maximum activity of corrigiola telephiifolia Pourr., and Mesembryanthemum nodiflorum methanol extracts were observed against Pseudomonas aeriginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli and Micrococcus luteus with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 3.12 to 6.25 mg/ml. The antibacterial activity of aqueous extract was less than this of methanolic extract (MIC 3.12 and 12.5 mg/ml) were observed against all tested bacteria. These species might provide promising therapeutic agents against infections with multi-resistant and pathogens bacteria.
There is a need for increased consensus in the definition of fever and neutropenia, the approach to risk stratification (including outpatient therapy and early discharge) and choices of empiric ...antimicrobial therapy in children. There has been an increased incidence of Gram positive infection in FN patients, in particular with VGS in patient with AML. However, Gram negative bacteria are still responsible for most of the mortality associated with FN. Piperacillin/tazobactam, cefipime, or meropenem are all effective first-choice antimicrobial monotherapy in FN. There is no good evidence for adding an aminoglycoside compound to the initial empiric therapy regimen. Following local microbiological data is of utmost importance in choosing the right empiric antimicrobial regimen for a particular institution. Outpatient management of a well-defined subset of low-risk patient for bacterial invasive infection with intravenous ceftriaxone or oral ciprofloxacin and daily re-evaluation is possible. Early CT of the chest (after 5-7 days of FN) in high-risk patients is essential to make a prompt diagnosis of pulmonary aspergillosis and improve outcome.
This study was conducted to investigate the antimicrobial activity of 70% ethanol (EtOH) extract and the five fractions of the crude extract from Sasa borealis leaves against seven food poisoning ...bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococus luteus, Listeria monocytogens, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Salmonella Typhimurium, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The yield of 70% EtOH extract was 11.4% and those of n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and aqueous fractions were 3.0%, 1.1%, 0.6%, 1.3%, and 5.1%, respectively. The 70% EtOH extract and the four fractions except aqueous fraction demonstrated antimicrobial activity against all the seven food poisoning bacteria at a concentration of 0.5%, although it was less compared to benzoic acid. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the 70% EtOH extract against all the food poisoning bacteria except S. aureus was 50 μL/disc. Moreover, chloroform fraction was 35 μL/disc against 3 food poisoning bacteria and 50 μL/disc against the other 4 food poisoning bacteria; ethyl acetate fraction was 50 μL/disc against all the food poisoning bacteria. In addition, n-butanol fraction was 50 μL/disc against all the food poisoning bacteria except S. aureus. Aqueous fraction, which did not show antimicrobial activity at 5%, was 200 μL/disc against only S. aureus and L. monocytogen. The 0.25%, and 0.5% of ethyl acetate fraction inhibited the growth of all the food poisoning bacteria 8 to 12 hours and 24 hours, respectively. These results indicate that the Sasa borealis leaves may be useful as a natural antimicrobial substance.
The purpose of this study was to prepare low molecular weight alginic acid (LMWA) nanoparticles by cation-induced, controlled gelification of depolymerized alginic acid for effective drug delivery to ...drug resistant bacteria. The depolymerization reaction was performed using potassium persulfate oxidation at an optimized condition. The optimized conditions for depolymerization were anticipated to be 37℃, pH 4, 2 days reaction time, and a 0.075 M concentration of potassium persulphate containing 0.001 M silver nitrate in the final reaction mixture. Gel permeation chromatography showed depolymerized alginic acid had an average molecular weight of 20.95 ± 0.49 kDa. Depolymerized alginic acid was also characterized for its structural integrity by X-ray diffraction, nuclear magnetic resonance, and Fourier transform spectroscopy. Depolymerized alginic acid was used to prepare low molecular weight nanoparticles with a particle size of 54 ± 0.41 nm, and a zetapotential of -32.2 ± 3.91 mV. The nanoparicles were then subjected to tetracycline loading. In vitro drug loading and drug release efficiencies after 100 h were determined to be 66.56 ± 1.88 and 61.8 ± 0.141%, respectively. Finally, the minimal inhibitory concentration and a putative mode of action for the tetracycline nanoparticles were determined using tetracycline resistant bacteria, Escherichia coli XL-1.
Sub-minimal inhibitory concentrations (sub-MICs) of antibiotics may have significant impact on the morphology and biochemical characteristics of target bacteria. This study aimed to examine the ...morphological changes to sub-MICs of antibiotics observed in bacterial cells from Gram-positive oral species, Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus. The MICs for both amoxicillin and doxycycline were determined by broth dilution method. Individual cells of S . mutans increased in length after incubation with sub-MIC of amoxicillin, whereas its chain length increased in response to a sub-MIC of doxycycline. The lengths of individual bacterial cells of L. acidophilus decreased after incubation with sub-MICs of either amoxicillin or doxycycline. These results of suggest that sub- MICs of amoxicillin and doxycycline induce morphological changes in both S. mutans and L. acidophilus. Further studies are required to determine the significance of these findings for host-pathogen interactions and development of dental diseases.
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