Background: One Indicator of successful health development are toddlers free from stunting. The cause of stunting is a lack of macro and micro nutrients and chronic infectious diseases. ...Micronutrients such as zinc have a role in growth which affects the hormones that play a role in bone growth. The role of zinc in motoric development indirectly is in arranging and releasing neurotransmitters that can affect nerve stimulation in the brain. This neurotransmitters will deliver nerve stimulation so that motor motion occurs. Motor development is a motion that involves muscles, brain and nerve that are controlled by the central part of the motor that is brain. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between adequacy of zinc intake and motoric development in stunted and non-stunted toddlers.Methods: This type of research is an observational study with cross sectional design. The sample size was 50 toddlers, consisted of 25 stunting toodlers and 25 non-stunting toddlers and lived in Puskesmas Wilangan, Nganjuk District, chosen by simple random sampling technique. Adequacy of zinc intake data was assessed using the Food Recall Form 3x 24 hours. Measurement of motoric development using the Pre-Screening Development Questionnaire (KPSP). Descriptive and inferential data analysis using Chi Square Test. Results: The result showed that there was a correlation between the level of zinc adequacy and motor development in the stunting toddler group (p=0.04) and non-stunting toddlers group (p=0.031).Conclusions: The level of adequacy of zinc has enough motor development better than the level of zinc sufficiency is less in the group of non-stunting toddlers.ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Salah satu indikator keberhasilan pembangunan kesehatan adalah balita terbebas dari stunting. Penyebab stunting yaitu kekurangan zat gizi makro maupun mikro dan penyakit infeksi kronis. Zat gizi mikro seperti zinc mempunyai peran pada pertumbuhan yaitu mempengaruhi hormon-hormon yang berperan dalam pertumbuhan tulang. Selain itu, peran zinc pada perkembangan motorik secara tidak langsung yaitu dalam menyusun dan melepas neurotransmitter yang dapat mempengaruhi rangsangan syaraf di dalam otak. Neurotransmitter ini akan menghantarkan rangsangan syaraf sehingga gerak motorik terjadi. Perkembangan motorik merupakan gerak yang melibatkan otot, otak dan syaraf yang dikontrol pada bagian pusat motorik yaitu otak.Tujuan: Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk menganalisis hubungan kecukupan asupan zinc dengan perkembangan motorik pada balita stunting dan non-stunting. Metode: Jenis penelitian tergolong penelitian observasional dengan desain cross-sectional. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 50 balita, terdiri dari 25 balita stunting dan 25 balita non-stunting yang bertempat tinggal di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Wilangan Kabupaten Nganjuk, dipilih dengan teknik simple random sampling. Data kecukupan asupan zinc dinilai menggunakan formulir Food Recall yang dilakukan 3x24 jam. Pengukuran perkembangan motorik menggunakan Kuesioner Pra Skrining Perkembangan (KPSP). Analisis data secara deskriptif dan Inferensial menggunakan uji Chi Square.Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat hubungan antara tingkat kecukupan zinc dengan perkembangan motorik pada kelompok balita stunting (p=0,04) dan kelompok balita non-stunting (p=0,031). Kesimpulan: Tingkat kecukupan zinc cukup mempunyai perkembangan motorik yang lebih baik daripada tingkat kecukupan zinc kurang pada kelompok balita non-stunting.
Introduction: The development of smooth motoric, language, and interact to adapted in social are the growth of preschool aged children involves aggressive. Children’s movements that use a small ...muscles or only certain parts of the body smooth motoric is process in growth. The growth of this aspect can be stimulated, which kind of the use of Educational Game Tools (EGT). The purpose of this research was to identify the usefulness of using educational games equipment to stimulate smooth motoric growth in preschool children at Srikandi Kindergarten, Lhokseumawe.
Methods: The method used in this research was Quasi-experimental Research. The technique of this study took the illustration by using the random sampling technique, with a total of 31 respondents who were given stimulation at that time. The data from this study were processed by using a dependent T-test of the variables of educational games and smooth motoric development in preschool children.
Results: The results of this study showed that the use of educational games is effective for stimulating smooth motoric development in preschool children with a p-value = 0.000 < (0.05).
Conclusion: The study can be concluded that children aged 4-5 years have questionable smooth motor development and irregularities before being given Educational Game Tools (EGT) stimulation. It is suggested to parents of respondents to use educational game tools to stimulate motoric development in children according to their developmental age.
Children's development includes several aspects including aspects of motor development, cognitive, social-emotional, language, moral, religion. One of the factors that influence motor development is ...parenting. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between parenting parents with gross motor and fine motor development in children aged 5-6 years. This study used a quantitative non-experimental correlational type research design with a cross-sectional approach. The sample consisted of 75 respondents using a non-probability sampling technique with purposive sampling. the majority of parents applying democratic parenting, as many as 69 people (92%), most children aged 5-6 years have appropriate motor development, as many as 65 people (86.6%), most children aged 5-6 years have appropriate fine motor development, as many as 72 people (96%), there is a strong relationship between parenting parents with gross motor development in children aged 5-6 years with a correlation coefficient (r) = 0.628, there is a strong relationship between patterns foster parents with fine motor development in children aged 5-6 years with a correlation coefficient (r) = 0.672. The results of this study are expected to be used as a guide for parents who have not applied democratic parenting to their children so that the child's motor development can grow optimally.
Background
Hydrocephalus is diagnosed when an accumulating amount of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) fails to circulate and/or absorbed in the ventricular system. Based on its etiology, hydrocephalus can ...be classified into infectious and non-infectious hydrocephalus. In children, non-infectious hydrocephalus includes congenital hydrocephalus, posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus, neural tube defect–related hydrocephalus, and tumor-related hydrocephalus. Regardless of the cause, a CSF diversion device is placed to divert the excess fluid from the ventricles into peritoneal cavity. Among all, ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt is arguably the most commonly used CSF diversion device to date. Until now, the long-term neurodevelopmental impact of VP shunt placement in non-infectious hydrocephalus patients remained unclear.
Objective
This study aims to evaluate the neurodevelopmental outcomes in children with non-infectious hydrocephalus who had VP shunt placement.
Materials and methods
Systematic searches were performed using PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus databases, and reference lists. Publications that fulfilled the inclusion criteria were included in the meta-analysis. Calculation of Mantel-Haezel risk ratio (RR) was applied, and heterogeneity index (
I
2
) test was used to evaluate the existence of heterogeneity in all studies. Risk of bias was assessed based on the criteria from the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS).
Results
Of the 1929 studies identified, 12 publications were concluded to have fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Results from the meta-analysis showed that the risks of cerebral palsy, visual and hearing impairment, epilepsy, or seizures are significantly higher in children with non-infectious hydrocephalus who already had VP shunt placement (shunted non-infectious hydrocephalus, S-NIH) compared to that of the healthy control. The meta-analysis on intelligent quotient (IQ) and mental development index (MDI) showed that S-NIH children tend to score lower IQ and acquire risk of having mental development delay. On motoric development, S-NIH children scored lower motoric score and have significantly higher risk of motor development delay compared to control. Although normal children tend to have more internalizing behavior compared to S-NIH children, overall assessment on the risk of behavioral abnormalities showed that the differences between these two groups are insignificant.
Conclusion
S-NIH children have significantly higher risks of disabilities and mental and motoric development delays; thus, planning on continuous rehabilitation for children with non-infectious hydrocephalus who already had placement of VP shunt is important to acquire their optimum potentials and quality of life.
Background and Objectives: The aim of this study was to analyze the presence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on maternal and fetal perinatal parameters, as well to evaluate the influence of ...GDM on neonatal early motoric development. Materials and Methods: In this prospective study, we evaluated 203 eligible participants that were admitted to obstetrics department for a labor. GDM was assessed by evaluation of maternal parameters, fetal parameters, as well its impact on infants early motoric development (Alberta Infant Motor Scale—AIMS). Results: Presence of GDM was significantly positively associated with: pre-pregnancy weight, obesity degree, weight at delivery, gestational weight gain (GWG), body mass index (BMI) at delivery, GWG and increased pre-pregnancy BMI, glucose levels in mother’s venous blood after the delivery, positive family history for cardiovascular disease, pregnancy-related hypertension, congenital thrombophilia, drug use in pregnancy, large for gestational age (LGA), mode of delivery (Cesarean section and instrumental delivery). Likewise, GDM association was detected for tested ultrasound parameters (biparietal diameter (BPD), head circumference (HC), abdominal circumference (AC), femoral length (FL)), length at birth, birth weight, newborn’s head circumference, newborn’s chest circumference, AIMS supination and pronation at three months, AIMS supination, pronation, sitting and standing at six months. Only Amniotic Fluid Index and AIMS supination at three months of infant’s age remained significantly associated in multivariate regression model. Conclusions: The presence of significant positive association of numerous tested parameters in our study on perinatal outcomes and early motoric development, points to the necessity of establishing appropriate clinical decision-making strategies for all pregnant woman at risk and emphasize the importance of providing adequate glycaemia control options and further regular follow ups during the pregnancy.
This study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between DHA and development of motoric, cognitive, and socioemotional (DMCS) at infant 18-23 months of age.
This was a cohort study following a ...supplementation to pregnant and lactating mothers with Moringa oleifera leaf (MOL) or iron folic acid (IFA). DHA in breastmilk was measured at 6 months of age (n=64). DMCS was measured at their age 18-23 months using CREDI (Caregiver Reported Early Childhood Development Index). All measurements were assessed by trained field workers using a standard questionnaire and data was analyzed using Spearman Correlation.
Majority of mothers were between 20 and 35yr old (71.9%), less than 12yr of education (71.9%), household wife (84.4%), and from farmers family (40.6%). There were borderline significant relationships between DHA levels and cognitive and motoric score (p=0.096, r=0.210 and p=0.064, r=0.233 respectively for cognitive and motoric). However, there was a significant relationship between DHA and socioemotional score (p=0.049, r=0.247).
We conclude that DHA in breastmilk 6 months would predict the development of motoric, cognitive, and socioemotional of infant at the period of 18-23 months of age.
Zusammenfassung
Als Spezifikum menschlicher Entwicklung kann die „motorische Intelligenz“ angesehen werden. Diese wird – phylogenetisch nur in groben Zügen vorgegeben – wesentlich während der ersten ...Lebensmonate richtungsbestimmt. In dieser relativ vulnerablen Phase spielen Störungen der spinalen Motorik und insbesondere der Funktion der Kopfgelenke eine überproportional wichtige Rolle. Diese Zusammenhänge werden aufgrund neuerer Literatur und klinischer Erfahrungen dargestellt, um so die Sensibilität für Möglichkeiten und Grenzen funktioneller Therapie zu erhöhen.
Die statomotorische Entwicklung des Neugeborenen hin zum Kleinkind führt zu einer grundlegenden Veränderung der Belastung der Halswirbelsäule. Die systematische Untersuchung biomechanisch relevanter ...Parameter an anatomischen Präparaten der Altersgruppe 0 bis 48 Monate soll klären, welche Mechanismen einer funktionellen Anpassung bestimmend sind. Die Gelenkflächen von Wirbelkörper und Gelenkfortsätzen zeigen in den ersten sechs Monaten ein deutliches kaudokraniales Wachstum, gefolgt von einer Phase verminderten Wachstums. Die Gelenkflächen der Wirbelbogengelenke Neugeborener sind insgesamt steiler gestellt als die von Kleinkindern. Durch Gelenkflächenwachstum und Lageveränderungen führt eine Umorientierung der unteren Wirbelbogengelenke in der Frontalebene, verbunden mit der Ausbildung einer Lordose, zu einer vergrößerten Kraftaufnahmefähigkeit. Dies kann als funktionelle Anpassung gegenüber einer sich ändernden Wirkrichtung der resultierenden Kraft im Verlauf der motorischen Entwicklung des Kindes angesehen werden., The statomotoric development of the newborn up until early childhood fundamentally changes the stress of the cervical vertebral column (CVC). A systematic examination of biomechanically relevant parameters on anatomic specimens in an age group between 0 and 48 months should clarify whether mechanisms of functional adaptation can be defined. The surfaces of vertebral bodies and joints show a drastic caudocranial size increase in the first six months, followed by a reduction of growth rate. The joint surfaces of the newborn cervical vertebral column are altogether steeper than in small children. By means of surface growth and change of position a reorientation of the lower vertebral joint surfaces in the frontal plane, in connection with the lordosis development, receives a greater importance for load bearing. This can be understood as a functional adaptation to the altered direction of resultant main stress in the course of child motoric development.
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