The national issue remains one of the main problems in Latin America, even after the dominant classes of the "region," in association with the USA and the "free world," adopted a militaristic ...solution in the decades from the 1960s to the 1980s, through military dictatorships. Before this option was implemented in Brazil in 1964, the sociologist Guerreiro Ramos tried to persuade the military of the mistake of militarizing the national issue. Given the significant presence of military personnel in the Bolsonaro government (2018-2022) and the proposal of a nation project with a militaristic bias by the supporters of this government, this article revisits a reflection that advocates the primacy of politics for addressing the national problem in Brazil and Latin America. The reconstruction of Ramos's theses and contexts, between 1955 and 1961, serves as the argumentative strategy of this work. Instead of a militaristic solution to the national issue, this sociologist proposed a political solution based on the national-popular, which envisioned a Brazilian path to socialism.
Resumo: A questão nacional continua sendo um dos principais problemas da América Latina, mesmo após as classes dominantes da “região”, em associação com os EUA e o “mundo livre”, terem adotado uma solução militarista nas décadas de 1960 a 1980, através de ditaduras militares. Antes da implementação dessa opção no Brasil, em 1964, o sociólogo Guerreiro Ramos tentou persuadir os militares sobre o equívoco de militarizar a questão nacional. Diante da significativa presença de militares no governo Bolsonaro (2018-2022) e da proposta de um projeto de nação com viés militarista pelos apoiadores desse governo, este artigo resgata uma reflexão que defende o primado da política para o enfrentamento do problema nacional no Brasil e na América Latina. A reconstrução das teses e dos contextos de Ramos, entre 1955 a 1961, serve como estratégia argumentativa deste trabalho. Em vez de solução militarista para a questão nacional, esse sociólogo propôs uma saída política pautada no nacional-popular, que vislumbrava um caminho brasileiro para o socialismo.
Resumen: La cuestión nacional sigue siendo uno de los principales problemas de América Latina, incluso después de que las clases dominantes de la "región", en asociación con los EE. UU. y el "mundo libre", adoptaran una solución militarista en las décadas de 1960 a 1980, a través de dictaduras militares. Antes de la implementación de esta opción en Brasil, en 1964, el sociólogo Guerreiro Ramos intentó persuadir a los militares sobre el error de militarizar la cuestión nacional. Dada la significativa presencia de militares en el gobierno de Bolsonaro (2018-2022) y la propuesta de un proyecto de nación con sesgo militarista por parte de los partidarios de este gobierno, este artículo rescata una reflexión que defiende el primado de la política para abordar el problema nacional en Brasil y en América Latina. La reconstrucción de las tesis y contextos de Ramos, entre 1955 y 1961, sirve como estrategia argumentativa de este trabajo. En lugar de una solución militarista para la cuestión nacional, este sociólogo propuso una salida política basada en lo nacional-popular, que vislumbraba un camino brasileño hacia el socialismo.
Speech is a way of expressing ideas in the form of words or discourse that is prepared to be spoken in front of the audience. Speech contains a message that is tailored to the situation when the ...orator delivers the speech. In addition to the message to be conveyed, the ideology and thoughts of an orator are also reflected in his speech. Therefore, an orator must have expertise in delivering his speech.This research is aims to determine the purpose and background of the Shinzo Abe Policy Speech at the 195th Session of Diet. The speech was delivered by Abe after he was re-elected as Prime Minister of Japan after the general election on October 22, 2017.Researcher used the critical discourse analysis of Teun A. van Dijk's model to dissect the ideology contained in the speech to focus on text analysis. Based on the results of this research, it can be interpreted implicit meanings in the text through linguistic elements, such as tematic, skematic, semantic, sintaxs, stilistic, and retoric.
After the victory in the civil war, the question of the organization of power arose not only in the political, but also in the territorial-political sphere. For a long time, the Bolsheviks ...positioned the empire as a “prison of peoples”. After 1920 (Crimea), an adequate answer was needed from the authorities. The old party slogan influenced constitutional construction, and, to the Gorbachev era, the country came with the “sleeping norm” of the right to leave the Union Republic from the USSR.
The article is devoted to the ethnopolitics of the White Movement on the territory of Ukraine in 1919–1920. The White Movement was formed in the South of the former Russian Empire and was forced to ...take into account the diverse composition of the alien population of the country. The author examines the stages of the birth of the White Movement, its position towards national minorities and national movements that were activated during the revolution and the overthrow of autocracy. The leaders of the White Movement failed to elaborate a single model of relations with “aliens”, except for to return to the shameful practice of tsarist times. Basing on significant sources, it is proved that the “White project” considered national movements as enemies of the “single and indivisible Russia”, as separatist and anti-state. The article presents various documents and facts of the actions of the Denikin regime directed against Ukrainian society. The ideology of the White Guard was filled with Ukrainophobia and anti-Semitism. The publication presents numerous facts of Jewish pogroms and persecution of Ukrainians exclusively on national grounds. The author carries out a content analysis of various publications of Russian, Ukrainian, Jewish authors who addressed this problem. Historical contexts are supported by materials from various sources from archives and memoirs of the direct participants of events. The article convincingly proves the futility of the ethnopolitics of the “Whites” in Ukraine, which was denied by the majority of the Ukrainian society, regardless of their political preferences.From the very beginning and to the inglorious historical finale, the White Guard was based on violence and great-power chauvinism. The policy of “restoration” proposed by the leaders of the White Movement was unrealistic and did not meet the challenges of time and public expectations.
The Overseas Filipino Workers (OFWs) community is an important sector of the Philippines not only because of their economic contribution through remittances but also through their participation in ...national issues. Though dispersed in various countries, they converge in online communities such as the Pinoy OFW Facebook. Through content analysis, it was observed that participation in the threads is greater than interaction among OFWs. There were more tourists (likers) compared with the number of minglers, devotees, and insiders combined. Participation and interaction is higher when a thread appeals to emotion.
This book is a call to rethink migration regimes in Southern Africa in ways that are more explicitly developmental and focused on poverty. Current policy debates are devoted almost exclusively to ...border control and policing; they pay only lip service to local and regional developmental strategies. This volume takes a different approach. Its contributors are scholars who are convinced that empirically based policy making stands a better chance of succeeding than untested preconceptions that risk reproducing recipes that have failed elsewhere. The book is therefore strong on empirics, providing a wealth of original data. It also reframes existing approaches and reexamines secondary data from fresh perspectives. Although the focus remains South Africa, the book reflects South Africa's regional role and draws on data from across the Southern African Development Community (SADC). This book broadens the 'migration' agenda beyond the boundaries of migration studies and migration policy silos. This book is intended to become a resource for a range of audiences in Southern Africa and the continent.
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