Making in America Berger, Suzanne; MIT Task Force on Production in the Inno, M. I. T. Task
08/2013
eBook
America is the world leader in innovation, but many of the innovative ideas that are hatched in American start-ups, labs, and companies end up going abroad to reach commercial scale. Apple, the ...superstar of innovation, locates its production in China (yet still reaps most of its profits in the United States). When innovation does not find the capital, skills, and expertise it needs to come to market in the United States, what does it mean for economic growth and job creation? Inspired by the MIT Made in America project of the 1980s,Making in Americabrings experts from across MIT to focus on a critical problem for the country.MIT scientists, engineers, social scientists, and management experts visited more than 250 firms in the United States, Germany, and China. In companies across America--from big defense contractors to small machine shops and new technology startups--these experts tried to learn how we can rebuild the industrial landscape to sustain an innovative economy. At each stop, they asked this basic question: "When you have a new idea, how do you get it into the market?" They found gaping holes and missing pieces in the industrial ecosystem. Critical strengths and capabilities that once helped bring new enterprises to life have disappeared: production capacity; small and medium-size suppliers; spillovers of research, training, and new technology from big corporations. (Production in the Innovation Economy, also published by the MIT Press in 2013, describes this research.)Even in an Internet-connected world, proximity to innovation and users matters for industry.Making in Americadescribes ways to strengthen this connection, including public-private collaborations, new government-initiated manufacturing innovation institutes, and industry-community college projects. If we can learn from these ongoing experiments in linking innovation to production, American manufacturing could have a renaissance.
How do markets evolve? Why are some innovations picked up straightaway whilst others take years to be commercialized? Are there first-mover advantages? Why do we behave with 'irrational exuberance' ...in the early evolution of markets as was the case with the dot.com boom? Paul Geroski is a leading economist who has taught economics to business school students, managers, and executives at the London Business School. In this book he explains in a refreshingly clear style how markets develop. In particular he stresses how the early evolution of markets can significantly shape their later development and structure. His purpose is to show how a good grasp of economics can improve managers' business and investment decisions. Whilst using the development of the Internet as a case in point, Geroski also refers to other sectors and products, for example cars, television, mobile phones, and personal computers. This short book is an ideal introduction for managers, MBA students, and the general reader wanting to understand how markets evolve. Available in OSO: http://www.oxfordscholarship.com/oso/public/content/economicsfinance/0199248893/toc.html
Task-Dependent Algorithm Aversion Castelo, Noah; Bos, Maarten W.; Lehmann, Donald R.
Journal of marketing research,
10/2019, Letnik:
56, Številka:
5
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Research suggests that consumers are averse to relying on algorithms to perform tasks that are typically done by humans, despite the fact that algorithms often perform better. The authors explore ...when and why this is true in a wide variety of domains. They find that algorithms are trusted and relied on less for tasks that seem subjective (vs. objective) in nature. However, they show that perceived task objectivity is malleable and that increasing a task's perceived objectivity increases trust in and use of algorithms for that task. Consumers mistakenly believe that algorithms lack the abilities required to perform subjective tasks. Increasing algorithms' perceived affective human-likeness is therefore effective at increasing the use of algorithms for subjective tasks. These findings are supported by the results of four online lab studies with over 1,400 participants and two online field studies with over 56,000 participants. The results provide insights into when and why consumers are likely to use algorithms and how marketers can increase their use when they outperform humans.
Few observers are unimpressed by the economic ambition of China or by the nation's remarkable rate of growth. But what does the future hold? This meticulously researched book closely examines the ...strengths and weaknesses of the Chinese economic system to discover where the nation may be headed and what the Chinese experience reveals about emerging market economies. The authors find that contrary to popular belief, cutting edge innovation is not a prerequisite for sustained economic vitality-and that China is a perfect case in point.
What is sensory marketing and why is it interesting and also important? Krishna defines it as "marketing that engages the consumers' senses and affects their behaviors." In this edited book, the ...authors discuss how sensory aspects of products, i.e., the touch , taste, smell, sound, and look of the products, affect our emotions, memories, perceptions, preferences, choices, and consumption of these products. We see how creating new sensations or merely emphasizing or bringing attention to existing sensations can increase a product's or service's appeal. The book provides an overview of sensory marketing research that has taken place thus far. It should facilitate sensory marketing by practitioners and also can be used for research or in academic classrooms.
Research on growth of innovations introduced to the market has gradually shifted its focus from aggregate-level diffusion to exploring how growth is influenced by a given social network structure's ...characteristics. In this paper, we critically review this branch of literature. We argue that the growth of an innovation in a social network is shaped by the network's structure. Borrowing from the field of industrial organization in economics, which defines itself as the study of the effect of market structure on market performance, we describe this new wave of research on growth of innovations as the effect of social network structure on innovation performance. Hence, social network structural characteristics should be incorporated into research on new product growth as well as into managerial marketing decisions such as targeting and new product seeding.
We review how social network structure influences innovations' market performance. Specifically, we discuss (1) a networks' global characteristics, namely average degree, degree distribution, clustering, and degree assortativity; (2) dyadic characteristics, or the relationships between pairs of network members, namely tie strength and embeddedness; (3) intrinsic individual characteristics, namely opinion leadership and susceptibility; and (4) location-based individual characteristics, namely the degree centrality, closeness centrality, and betweenness centrality of an individual network member.
Overall, we find that growth is particularly effective in networks that demonstrate the “3 Cs”: cohesion (strong mutual influence among its members), connectedness (high number of ties), and conciseness (low redundancy). We identify gaps in current knowledge, discuss the implications on managerial decision making, and suggest topics for future research.
A chemistry professor explains the mechanism of the copper(I)‐catalyzed alkyne–azide cycloaddition (CuAAC) while suggesting that by interrupting the click reaction, it is possible to exploit the ...reactivity of the copper metallacycle intermediate to synthesize new products. The students who are listening are imagining novel synthetic pathways and finding ways to access products that are typically hard to obtain. More information can be found in the Review by M. Giustiniano, G. C. Tron and co‐workers (DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303844).
An interactive guide to the statistical tools used to solve problems during product and process innovationEnd to End Data Analytics for Product Development is an accessible guide designed for ...practitioners in the industrial field. It offers an introduction to data analytics and the design of experiments (DoE) whilst covering the basic statistical concepts useful to an understanding of DoE. The text supports product innovation and development across a range of consumer goods and pharmaceutical organizations in order to improve the quality and speed of implementation through data analytics, statistical design and data prediction.The book reviews information on feasibility screening, formulation and packaging development, sensory tests, and more. The authors – noted experts in the field – explore relevant techniques for data analytics and present the guidelines for data interpretation. In addition, the book contains information on process development and product validation that can be optimized through data understanding, analysis and validation. The authors present an accessible, hands-on approach that uses MINITAB and JMP software. The book:• Presents a guide to innovation feasibility and formulation and process development• Contains the statistical tools used to solve challenges faced during product innovation and feasibility• Offers information on stability studies which are common especially in chemical or pharmaceutical fields• Includes a companion website which contains videos summarizing main conceptsWritten for undergraduate students and practitioners in industry, End to End Data Analytics for Product Development offers resources for the planning, conducting, analyzing and interpreting of controlled tests in order to develop effective products and processes.
The Power of Design Reinders, Angele; Brezet, Han; Diehl, Jan Carel
2012, 2012., 2013/01/01, 2012-11-28T00:00:00, 2012-09-25
eBook
The Power of Designoffers an introduction and a practical guide to product innovation, integrating the key topics that are necessary for the design of sustainable and energy-efficient products using ...sustainable energy technologies.Product innovation in sustainable energy technologies is an interdisciplinary field. In response to its growing importance and the need for an integrated view on the development of solutions, this text addresses the functional principles of various energy technologies next to the latest design processes and innovation methods.From the perspective of product applications, the book provides clear explanations of technologies that are significant for product integration, such as batteries, photovoltaic solar energy, fuel cells, small wind turbines, human power, energy saving lighting, thermal energy technologies in buildings, and piezoelectric energy conversions. The design processes and innovation methods presented in this book include various approaches ranging from technical, societal and creative methods that can be applied in different stages of the design process.Other features include:a methodological approach, enabling readers to easily apply the theory to their research projects and to the actual design of sustainable products with energy technologiesdiscussion on interaction design and smart grid interventionscolour photographs that illustrate the final productsnumerous case studies of product development projects and concepts in practice, enabling readers to understand and design energy-efficient products in several different marketsa companion website containing useful information about the cases and an additional design cases with sustainable energy technologiesThe Power of Design provides a comprehensive and visually-appealing opening into the subject for third and fourth year students, postgraduates, and professionals in the areas of energy, environment, product design and engineering
Innovation is at the centre of current economic policy in most nations, and yet report after report from learned societies such as the Royal Society have repeatedly asked for a more responsible ...approach to innovation, one that has been echoed by the public. At a time when we face a bewildering number of emerging technologies (such as nanotechnologies, geoengineering, whole genome sequencing, and next generation computing) the topic is extremely timely.Responsible Innovationdefines what this is, and brings together the issues, challenges and solutions in a constructive, accessible way.The book introduces key themes from academic and business literature to redefine our relationship with innovation and technology. Essentially multidisciplinary in nature, these include:Identifying and managing the risks of innovation in the present and futureBuilding reflexive capacity into science and innovation to identify and manage the unanticipated wider impacts of innovationOpening up dialogue around innovation and emerging technologies to understand wider acceptability and public concernsRegulation, governance and adaptive managementKey questions regarding the concepts of responsibility, accountability and liabilityThroughout the book, key aspects of Responsible Innovation are scrutinized, underpinned by current knowledge and using case studies / examples for illustration. It concludes with a forward look that pulls together the various fields of understanding and knowledge to ask “How do we ensure the responsible emergence of innovation in democratic society?”
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