Objectives This discussion paper aims to provide scientifically based recommendations on night shift schedules, including consecutive shifts, shift intervals and duration of shifts, which may reduce ...health and safety risks. Short-term physiological effects in terms of circadian disruption, inadequate sleep duration and quality, and fatigue were considered as possible links between night shift work and selected health and safety risks, namely, cancer, cardio-metabolic disease, injuries, and pregnancy-related outcomes. Method In early 2020, 15 experienced shift work researchers participated in a workshop where they identified relevant scientific literature within their main research area. Results Knowledge gaps and possible recommendations were discussed based on the current evidence. The consensus was that schedules which reduce circadian disruption may reduce cancer risk, particularly for breast cancer, and schedules that optimize sleep and reduce fatigue may reduce the occurrence of injuries. This is generally achieved with fewer consecutive night shifts, sufficient shift intervals, and shorter night shift duration. Conclusions Based on the limited, existing literature, we recommend that in order to reduce the risk of injuries and possibly breast cancer, night shift schedules have: (i) ≤3 consecutive night shifts; (ii) shift intervals of ≥11 hours; and (iii) ≤9 hours shift duration. In special cases - eg, oil rigs and other isolated workplaces with better possibilities to adapt to daytime sleep - additional or other recommendations may apply. Finally, to reduce risk of miscarriage, pregnant women should not work more than one night shift in a week.
Aims
The objective of this study is to explore the various latent categories within the sleep quality of night shift nurses and to investigate whether shift‐related factors predispose nurses to ...higher levels of occupational stress and anxiety.
Design
This is a cross‐sectional study.
Methods
From November to December 2020, registered nurses from 18 tertiary hospitals and 16 secondary hospitals in Chongqing were selected through convenience sampling for this study. Latent class analysis was used to investigate the sleep quality of nurses working night shifts. Furthermore, univariate analysis and logistic multivariate analysis were utilized to identify the contributing factors to occupational stress and anxiety.
Results
The four latent categories of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index for night shift nurses were identified as ‘Low Sleep Disorder Group’ (56.34%), ‘Moderate Sleep Disorder Group’ (37.27%), ‘High Sleep Disorder Non‐Reliant on Sleeping medication Group’ (4.89%) and ‘High Sleep Disorder Reliant on Sleeping medication Group’ (1.50%). The results showed that having a night‐shift frequency of 3–4 times per month, night‐shift durations of 9–12 h, sleep time delay after night shift (≥2 h), total sleep time after night shift less than 4 h were shift‐related factors that increased the levels of occupational stress and anxiety.
Conclusion
The sleep quality of night shift nurses demonstrates heterogeneity and can be classified into four latent categories. Higher frequency of night shifts, extended work hours and insufficient rest time are all associated with increased levels of occupational stress and anxiety.
Impact
By identifying the four latent categories of sleep quality among night shift nurses, this study sheds light on the relationship between sleep patterns and levels of occupational stress and anxiety. These findings have important implications for healthcare institutions in the management of nurse well‐being and work schedules.
Patient or Public Contribution
No patient or public contribution.
The purpose of this research was to study night shift work and its health effects on nurses. This was a quantitative study using descriptive design; it also incorporated three qualitative open-ended ...questions to complement the study. The data were collected using Survey Monkey, with an Internet-based confidential data collection tool. The population of relevance to this study was nurses employed in hospital settings in the United States. E-mail addresses and Facebook were used to recruit participants. Results indicated that there is an increased risk of sleep deprivation, family stressors, and mood changes because of working the night shift. Rotating shifts were mentioned as a major concern for night shift nurses. Respondents agreed that complaints about fatigue and fatigue-related illnesses in night shift workers were ignored. There was also a general perception among nurses working the night shift that sleep deprivation leads to negative health consequences including obesity; however, they were not as high a concern as rotating shifts or fatigue.
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•Shift work disrupts circadian rhythms, and night-shift work is associated with the occurrence of substance use disorders; however, there is no evidence to support a link between ...night-shift work and behavioral addictions.•In this cross-sectional study using an Internet survey, we examined the association between shift work and gambling, a potential risk behavior for behavioral addictions, among workers (n = 21,134), and the results showed an association between night-shift work and gambling participation (adjusted odds ratio aOR, 1.39, 95 % confidence interval CI, 1.25–1.53, p < 0.001).•When restricted to respondents with past-year gambling experience (n = 9,739), night-shift work was associated with problem gambling, defined as the problem gambling severity index score of 8 or greater (aOR 1.94, 95 % CI, 1.94–2.40, p < 0.001).•Night-shift work was associated with gambling in workers and with problem gambling among working and gambling respondents, suggesting that gambling might be a factor associated with shift work-related harms.
Night-shift work disturbs sleep and is associated with poor health conditions among workers. We aimed to investigate the association between night-shift work and gambling among workers and the association between night-shift work and problem gambling in working and gambling participants.
This cross-sectional study used data from an online survey conducted between February 6 and 27, 2023 in Japan. A total of 21,134 workers participated in this study, including 9,739 respondents who had gambled in the past year. We estimated the association between night-shift work and gambling among workers and the association between night-shift work and problem gambling among those who gambled at the survey. We defined problem gambling as a score ≥ 8 on the Problem Gambling Severity Index. All estimates were weighted using a nationally representative survey in Japan. We fitted multivariable weighted logistic regression models after adjusting for 14 confounders.
The weighted prevalence of gambling among non-night and night-shift workers was 42.1 % and 55.4 %, respectively. When focusing on workers gambling in the survey, the prevalence of problem gambling among non-night and night-shift workers was 8.8 % and 24.2 %, respectively. The weighted multivariable logistic regression analyses showed that night-shift work was associated with gambling participation among workers (adjusted odds ratio aOR, 1.39, 95 % confidence interval CI 1.25–1.53, p < 0.001). In addition, night-shift work was associated with problem gambling among those who gambled (aOR 1.94, 95 % CI 1.57–2.40, p < 0.001).
Night-shift work was associated with gambling among workers and with problem gambling among those who gambled.
The purpose of this research was to study night shift work and its health effects on nurses. This was a quantitative study using descriptive design; it also incorporated three qualitative open-ended ...questions to complement the study. The data were collected using Survey Monkey, with an Internet based confidential data collection tool. The population of relevance to this study was nurses employed in hospital settings in the United States. E-mail addresses and Facebook were used to recruit participants. Results indicated that there is an increased risk of sleep deprivation, family stressors, and mood changes because of working the night shift. Rotating shifts were mentioned as a major concern for night shift nurses. Respondents agreed that complaints about fatigue and fatigue related illnesses in night shift workers were ignored. There was also a general perception among nurses working the night shift that sleep deprivation leads to negative health consequences including obesity; however, they were not as high a concern as rotating shifts or fatigue.
Night shift work has been suspected to increase breast cancer risk but epidemiological studies have been inconsistent due to heterogeneous assessment of exposure to night work. To overcome this ...limitation, we pooled data of five population-based case-control studies from Australia, Canada, France, Germany, and Spain into a single harmonized dataset using a common definition of night work including 6093 breast cancer cases and 6933 population controls. The odds ratio for breast cancer in women who ever worked at night for at least 3 h between midnight and 5 a.m. as compared to never night workers was 1.12 (95% CI 1.00-1.25). Among pre-menopausal women, this odds ratio was 1.26 1.06-1.51, increasing to 1.36 1.07-1.74 for night shifts ≥ 10 h, 1.80 1.20-2.71 for work ≥ 3 nights/week, and 2.55 1.03-6.30 for both duration of night work ≥ 10 years and exposure intensity ≥ 3 nights/week. Breast cancer risk in pre-menopausal women was higher in current or recent night workers (OR = 1.41 1.06-1.88) than in those who had stopped night work more than 2 years ago. Breast cancer in post-menopausal women was not associated with night work whatever the exposure metric. The increase in risk was restricted to ER+ tumors, particularly those who were both ER+ and HER2+ . These results support the hypothesis that night shift work increases the risk of breast cancer in pre-menopausal women, particularly those with high intensity and long duration of exposure. Risk difference between pre- and post-menopausal women deserves further scrutiny.
Night shift work and breast cancer risk Pahwa, Manisha; Labrèche, France; Demers, Paul A
Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health,
07/2018, Letnik:
44, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Objectives This paper aims to compare results, assess the quality, and discuss the implications of recently published meta-analyses of night shift work and breast cancer risk. Methods A comprehensive ...search was conducted for meta-analyses published from 2007-2017 that included at least one pooled effect size (ES) for breast cancer associated with any night shift work exposure metric and were accompanied by a systematic literature review. Pooled ES from each meta-analysis were ascertained with a focus on ever/never exposure associations. Assessments of heterogeneity and publication bias were also extracted. The AMSTAR 2 checklist was used to evaluate quality. Results Seven meta-analyses, published from 2013-2016, collectively included 30 cohort and case-control studies spanning 1996-2016. Five meta-analyses reported pooled ES for ever/never night shift work exposure; these ranged from 0.99 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.95-1.03, N=10 cohort studies) to 1.40 (95% CI 1.13-1.73, N=9 high quality studies). Estimates for duration, frequency, and cumulative night shift work exposure were scant and mostly not statistically significant. Meta-analyses of cohort, Asian, and more fully-adjusted studies generally resulted in lower pooled ES than case-control, European, American, or minimally-adjusted studies. Most reported statistically significant between-study heterogeneity. Publication bias was not evident in any of the meta-analyses. Only one meta-analysis was strong in critical quality domains. Conclusions Fairly consistent elevated pooled ES were found for ever/never night shift work and breast cancer risk, but results for other shift work exposure metrics were inconclusive. Future evaluations of shift work should incorporate high quality meta-analyses that better appraise individual study quality.
ObjectivesOccupational factors, particularly night-shift work, are attracting growing interest as a possible determinant of metabolic syndrome (MetS). This study aimed to determine the association ...between night-shift work and MetS, and assess whether sleep quality is a mediating factor.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among Malaysian manufacturing workers, aged 40–65 years old. They completed a self-administered questionnaire on sociodemographics, lifestyle and family history, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire. Waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting blood sugar, triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein levels were measured. Baron and Kenny’s method, Sobel test and multiple mediation models with bootstrapping were used to determine whether the PSQI global score or its components mediated the association between night-shift work and MetS.ResultsOf the 494 participants, 177 (36%) worked night shift and 51% were men. The prevalence of MetS was 37%. Night-shift work was independently associated with a twofold increase in the risk of MetS (adjusted OR: 1.92, 95% CI 1.24 to 2.97). However, the association between night-shift work and MetS did not appear to be modified by sex. Night-shift workers also reported significantly poorer sleep quality, longer sleep latency, shorter sleep duration, sleep disturbances and daytime dysfunction. Robust mediation analysis nonetheless showed that neither PSQI global score nor its components mediated the association between night-shift work and MetS.ConclusionEarly screening and management of MetS and the development of programmes to improve sleep quality should be carried out among night-shift workers. Future research should investigate other modifiable mediators linking night-shift work and MetS.
This study aimed to determine the peak hours of sleepiness and the factors affecting the sleepiness levels of nurses.
Sleepiness is commonly seen in individuals working night shifts. However, in case ...of nurses, this sleepiness can be a major threat to patient and staff safety.
This was a prospective cross-sectional study. Data were collected between July and September 2023, and a stratified sampling method was used according to the departments in which the nurses worked. Data were collected using the Personal Information Form and Visual Analog Scale. Nurses reported their sleepiness levels at the beginning of each hour between midnight and 8:00 am.
The study adhered to the STROBE checklist for reporting.
The mean sleepiness levels of emergency department nurses, intensive care nurses, internal or surgical clinic nurses, and all nurses were 59.75 ± 15.50, 43.53 ± 20.49, 44.67 ± 18.88, and 49.15 ± 19.67, respectively. The highest sleepiness level of the nurses was at 05:00 am. A significant correlation was found between the variables of age, gender, marital status, sleep quality, number of patients cared, working style and satisfaction with working in the department, and sleepiness level (P < 0.05).
Nurses working night shifts experience sleepiness (highest at 5:00 am). In addition, the sleepiness levels of nurses are affected by some personal and clinical factors.
Based on the results, there is a need for necessary policies regarding nurses' working hours and working conditions. To protect patient and employee safety, necessary strategies should be devised regarding the hours when nurses experience the highest sleepiness and the factors affecting sleepiness levels.
This study aimed to determine the associations of working hour characteristics with short (1-3 days) sickness absence (SA) among retail workers.
As part of "RetailHours-project", 4046 employees of ...338 Finnish retail stores were included. Registry-based data on working hour characteristics and short SA were utilized. A case-crossover design was used and the odds ratios (OR) were controlled for the clustering effect and working hour characteristics.
There were strong dose-response relationships between percent of short (<11 hours) shift intervals and short SA among part- and full-time workers, men and women, and younger and older workers. Compared to workers without short shift intervals, the risk of SA was 1.47 times 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.29-1.68 higher among workers who had short shift intervals <10% of work times, 2.39 times (95% CI 2.03-2.82) higher among workers who had 10-25% of work times, and 4.03 times (CI 2.34-6.93) higher among workers who had short shift intervals >25% of work times. Weekly working hours >40 hours were associated with SA among part-time workers odds ratio (OR) 2.22, CI 1.65-2.98, women (OR 1.62, CI 1.27-2.07) and among workers <30 years of age (OR 1.68, CI 1.20-2.35) as well as among workers aged ≥30 years (OR 1.43, CI 1.07-1.92). Furthermore, working mainly night shifts was associated with SA among full-time workers (OR 2.41, 95% CI 0.99-5.86) and women (OR 1.72, CI 1.02-2.89).
A short shift interval is an important risk factor for short SA. Improving intervals between shifts and shortening long weekly working hours could reduce the risk of short SA among retail workers.
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