An expanded family of ruthenium‐based metathesis catalysts bearing cyclic alkyl amino carbene (CAAC) ligands was prepared. These catalysts exhibited exceptional activity in the ethenolysis of the ...seed‐oil derivative methyl oleate. In many cases, catalyst turnover numbers (TONs) of more than 100 000 were achieved, at a catalyst loading of only 3 ppm. Remarkably, the most active catalyst system was able to achieve a TON of 340 000, at a catalyst loading of only 1 ppm. This is the first time a series of metathesis catalysts has exhibited such high performance in cross‐metathesis reactions employing ethylene gas, with activities sufficient to render ethenolysis applicable to the industrial‐scale production of linear α‐olefins (LAOs) and other terminal‐olefin products.
A new series of olefin‐metathesis catalysts containing cyclic alkyl amino carbene (CAAC) ligands exhibit unprecedented activity in the ethenolysis of methyl oleate. This work advances the state‐of‐the‐art of the ethenolysis reaction and is expected to find particular use in large‐scale industrial applications.
Very short synthetic routes to nine cis‐olefin‐containing pheromones containing a variety of functionality, including an unconjugated (E,Z) diene, are reported (see scheme). These lepidopteran ...pheromones are used extensively for pest control, and were easily prepared using ruthenium‐based Z‐selective cross metathesis, highlighting the advantages of this method over less efficient ways to form Z olefins.
The central aim of this study is to evaluate the repercussions of global energy price fluctuations on the pricing of local oil derivatives in Jordan, and their subsequent impact on domestic price ...levels. This research seeks to propose risk mitigation strategies to address the challenges posed by energy price volatility, offering valuable insights for Jordanian policymakers. Given the dearth of understanding among policymakers and industry stakeholders regarding the economic ramifications of global energy prices on local markets, this study posits a statistically significant relationship, at a 5% significance level, between global energy prices, local oil derivative prices, and the prices of commodities and services. To investigate these dynamics, the study employs a DCC-GARCH (Dynamic Conditional Correlation Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity) model, utilizing monthly data spanning from Jan:2008 to Mar:2022, encompassing global energy prices, local energy prices, and the consumer price index. The study's findings reveal that fluctuations in global oil prices, specifically the Brent benchmark, have a discernible impact on local oil derivative prices in Jordan. However, the reverse causal relationship is not supported, indicating a unidirectional link from oil prices to oil derivatives. The estimated DCC-GARCH model further quantifies this connection, demonstrating that a 1% increase in Brent oil prices corresponds to a 0.21% increase in local oil derivative prices within Jordan. Moreover, a 1% uptick in local oil derivative prices corresponds to a 0.23% increase in the consumer price index. Based on these research outcomes, it is strongly recommended that measures be explored to effectively manage the volatility of oil derivative prices in Jordan. The implementation of such measures holds the potential to bolster local price stability and foster a more resilient economic environment.
The aim of this work was to develop strategies for the synthesis of dendritic macromolecules from raw materials obtained through the chemical modification of vegetable oils. Plant oils containing ...unsaturated fatty acids are a potential source of the ω-esters of various fatty acids as they can be obtained via metathesis using ethylene, proceeded with transesterification using methanol resulting in the formation of the i.e. methyl 9-decenoate. Methyl 10-undecenoate (MU), as a model substrate representing ω-esters of the methyl carboxylic acids, together with 1-thioglycerol (TG) as the multifunctional thiol compound, and pentaerythritol (PE) as the core were chosen for the investigated synthesis of the hyperbranched polymers using the divergent method. The “click” thiol-ene coupling turned out to be the efficient and selective reaction of MU and TG leading to the highly pure product (MUTG) without any further purification. The dendritic structure based on MUTG, used in excess referring to pentaerythritol, synthesized via transesterification resulted in a non-homogeneous mixture of the products exhibiting different degrees of branching and distinct molecular weights (Mn ranged from 1479 to 3446 g/mol; Đ = 1.01–1.03). It was found that the stoichiometric relation of the reagents (excess of the MUTG) enables control of the reaction course and branching progress due to the specific content of the primary and secondary hydroxyl groups in the reaction mixture: degree of branching was determined only for the biggest molecule with Mn = 3446 g/mol (D = 1.01; DOB = 1), whose second generation dendrimeric structure was confirmed by the 1H and 13C-NMR spectroscopy.
•Plant oil derivatives have a high potential as building blocks of dendrimers.•Thiol-ene coupling and transesterification led to 2nd generation dendritic molecule.•Proposed method enables to reduce synthesis steps up to 78%.•Greener synthesis due to high yield, lack of solvents, and low temperature.
One of the biggest problems related to mandatory tanks of oil and oil derivatives are evaporative losses in the tanks. It is well known that the storage, manipulation, and transport of oil and oil ...derivatives results in the evaporation of the liquid. In the case of tanks where commodity reserves are stored for a long period of time, the most pronounced problems are ?breathing? losses and degradation of the quality of petroleum products. Many of these volatile organic compounds also have a strong negative impact that is harmful to human health and the environment. The aim of this research is to improve system in order to reduce evaporative losses in the tanks which are used for mandatory reserves of oil and oil derivative in warehouse in location near Pozega in Serbia as well as to reduce the harmful impact on the environment with the proposed improvement measures.
In this work, we propose a new liquid refractive index (RI) sensor based on one-dimensional (1D) regular array of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) for sensing oil derivatives (ODs), for the ...first time. The proposed sensor is a ribbon consisting of 10 MWCNTs grown inside an AAO (Al2O3) template as the host material, which can sense the change of host material RI with high precision up to △n = 0.0015 corresponding to the sensitivity S = 930 nm/RIU. Replacing the host material with ODs changes the reflection in the range of visible wavelengths. The reflection spectrum of sensor is calculated for the RI range of 1.3888–1.5306 belonging to various ODs. The RI difference △n = 0.1418 between Butanol (C4H10O) and Nitrobenzene (C6H5NO2) host materials results in 130 nm wavelength shift. By removing one or two cylinders of MWCNTs and creating a point defect within the sensor structure, whereas ODs are injected into the defect area, we achieved a sensitivity up to 430 nm/RIU. The proposed sensor with un-reactive nature of MWCNTs can be used in environments with high temperature and pressure such as oil refinery industry.
•Bench-scale bioreactor was built for used lubricating oil degradation.•Bacterial consortium isolated from contaminated sediment has high oil biodegradation capacity.•Immobilization of bacteria in ...Salvinia sp. biomass has a promising ability to biodegrade oil.
Increasing exploration of natural sources and the development of new oil-derived technologies have caused environmental contamination. Thus, among the bioremediation strategies, biostimulation and bioaugmentation techniques have been the most used in the current literature. This study aimed to build a bench-scale bioreactor to promote degradation used ship engine lubricating oil using an immobilized bacterial consortium in Salvinia sp. (SS). For this purpose, bacterial strains were isolated from the hydrocarbon-contaminated moist soil in the marginal at Guanabara Bay, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, followed by isolation, identification of microorganisms, and biodegradation tests. Then these microorganisms were immobilized in SS biomass. The bacterial consortium underwent biodegradation tests and bioreactor biodegradation on a bench scale. According to the results, the consortium of Bacteria like Bacillus could biodegrade 52.9% of the lubricating oil and 0.027 d − 1 degradation rate.
Distilling small volumes of crude oil Giordano, Gabriela F.; Vieira, Luis C.S.; Gomes, Alexandre O. ...
Fuel (Guildford),
02/2021, Letnik:
285
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Display omitted
•New platform is capable of distilling small volumes of crude oil.•It provided the sampling of distilled fractions for succeeding composition analysis.•Accurate quantification of ...naphtha, kerosene, and diesel derivatives is described.•Simple machine learning-modeled equation led to high-accuracy determinations.•The system assured fast and safe analyses with low energy demand and waste generation.
We address for the first time a platform able to distil small volume of crude oil, providing the generation of oil fractions for succeeding composition analysis and accurate quantification of significant derivatives, i.e., naphtha, kerosene, and diesel, through true boiling point (TBP) curves and machine learning. While conventional systems are slow (2 to 3 days), sample-consuming (1 to 30 L), and require expensive equipment, simple and low-cost components such as thermocouples, fractionation column, external resistance on column region, and condenser were herein integrated into a glass piece to distillate 2 mL of oil in 6.7 h. In addition to assuring fractional distillation, a wire rope-packed column allowed the addition of samples without contaminating the inner glass walls. Systematic temperature programs were applied to oil and column, whereas the temperatures on the top of column were monitored to obtain TBP curves. The accuracy associated with the determination of oil derivatives was remarkably improved with the aid of a simple machine learning-modeled equation. By enabling diverse tasks such as definition of the type of petroleum, its market value, royalties, well throughput, and logistics for fuel transport, storage, and distribution, our distiller holds great potential for the petrochemical industry, in special during the drilling and prospecting of new exploratory wells when only small volumes of crude oil are commonly available. This platform also provides faster and safer analyses bearing lower energy demand and waste generation.
Does modelling stochastic interest rates, beyond stochastic volatility, improve pricing performance on long-dated commodity derivatives? To answer this question, we consider futures price models for ...commodity derivatives that allow for stochastic volatility and stochastic interest rates and a correlation structure between the underlying variables. We examine the empirical pricing performance of these models on pricing long-dated crude oil derivatives. Estimating the model parameters from historical crude oil futures prices and option prices, we find that stochastic interest rate models improve pricing performance on long-dated crude oil derivatives, when the interest rate volatility is relatively high. Furthermore, increasing the model dimensionality does not tend to improve the pricing performance on long-dated crude oil option prices, but it matters for long-dated futures prices. We also find empirical evidence for a negative correlation between crude oil futures prices and interest rates that contributes to improving fit to long-dated crude oil option prices.
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