This Third Edition of Elements of Petroleum Geology is completely updated and revised to reflect the vast changes in the field since publication of the Second Edition. This book is a usefulprimer for ...geophysicists, geologists, and petroleum engineers in the oil industry who wish to expand their knowledge beyond their specialized area. It is also an excellent introductory text for a university course in petroleum geoscience.Elements of Petroleum Geology begins with an account of the physical and chemical properties of petroleum, reviewing methods of petroleum exploration and production. These methods include drilling, geophysical exploration techniques, wireline logging, and subsurface geological mapping. After describing the temperatures and pressures of the subsurface environment and the hydrodynamics of connate fluids, Selley examines the generation and migration of petroleum, reservoir rocks and trapping mechanisms, and the habit of petroleum in sedimentary basins. The book contains an account of the composition and formation of tar sands and oil shales, and concludes with a brief review of prospect risk analysis, reserve estimation, and other economic topics.
Updates the Second Edition completelyReviews the concepts and methodology of petroleum exploration and productionWritten by a preeminent petroleum geologist and sedimentologist with decades of petroleum exploration in remote corners of the worldContains information pertinent to geophysicists, geologists, and petroleum reservoir engineers New to this Edition: Updated statistics throughoutAdditional figures to illustrate key points and new developmentsNew information on drilling activity and production methods including crude oil, directional drilling, thermal techniques, and gas playsAdded coverage of 3D seismic interpretationNew section on pressure compartmentsNew section on hydrocarbon adsorption and absorption in source rocksCoverage of The Orinoco Heavy Oil Belt of VenezuelaUpdated chapter on unconventional petroleum
Russia has come to the forefront of hopes for increasing world oil supplies and abating historically high prices. While production rose from slightly more than 6 million barrels of oil per day in ...1998 to over 9 million barrels per day in 2004, long-term continuation of such a dramatic rate of growth cannot be expected. An understanding of Russian oil supply is reached in Russian Oil Supply starting with an investigation of the petroleum geology of the nation's two principal producing basins: the Volga-Ural and West Siberia. To this is added a review of the engineering technologies applied over the Soviet period and the impact they continue to have on productive capacity today. The collapse of the USSR in 1991 generated a fundamental change in the economics of Russian oil production. The transition from a command to largely market-driven industry created an opportunity to study supply in response to changes since independence in the after-tax net income earned at the wellhead by oil companies. That analysis provides an objective foundation for bounding near-term responses in supply to higher world prices and changes in the controlled price of oil on the domestic market. The performance of top major Russian oil companies that dominate the industry is highly varied. Examination of their asset bases and management strategies allow identification of critical issues before these companies and their latitude in meeting them. The lack of a robust 'independent' sector among Russian producers is seen as a significant impediment to exploitation of resources located in a very large number of discovered but undeveloped fields. The most important problems facing the Russian government and producers are the balance of power between them and determination of how much production and exports are 'enough'. Since 2003, the Putin administration has radically increased the position of the state in industry operations and downgraded market mechanisms. Growing uncertainty over the limits of this policy have shaken production growth and sharpened questions over oil's role in Russia and how it interacts with world markets.
Oil Thefts and Pipeline Vandalization in Nigeria focuses on leakages in oil revenue through thefts and vandalisation which has now become a national shame and embarrassment. The book presents a ...scholarly evaluation of the evolution, etiology, causes, nature, extent, characteristics, legal aspects, trends rationale and modus operandi of the phenomena in the country. This study is a substantial academic contribution to our knowledge on the subject matter for further research by social scientists and scholars, legal practitioners, law enforcement professionals, criminal justicians, corporate officials and other interest groups and stakeholders.
On a political level, Swedish transport ethanol has always been embedded in visions of an alternative, brighter future. Arguments in support of ethanol have been reiterated throughout the 20th and ...21st centuries, exhibiting a striking stability over time. At the same time, the contexts in which arguments for ethanol have been raised have undergone dramatic shifts. This article investigates the historical contingencies of three empirical cases, covering the interwar years, the aftermath of the oil crises of the 1970s and the 21st century's concerns over global warming. It concludes with the observation that despite political convictions about ethanol's commercial, military and environmental potential, domestic production has not managed to take off on its own. It has relied on state support such as tax exemptions, it has been dependent on other industries for feedstock provision and its technical superiority is still waiting for market confirmation.
If you’ve wondered about how America can break links between oil consumption, terrorism, and the war in Iraq, A Declaration of Energy Independence: How Freedom from Foreign Oil Can Improve National ...Security, Our Economy, and the Environment will show you how our country can gain energy independence and solve its energy crisis. Written by a top energy expert, this book outlines seven economically and politically viable ways America can more efficiently use and produce energy. Find out how carbon fuels negatively impact our lives and understand the political framework of the energy crisis.
-- Leading oil consultant offers a damning critique of US policy -- Oil is the lifeblood of modern economics. It is the precious resource at the heart of empire-building -- from the British empire to ...the American empire today. It underpins the world's financial markets. But seventy per cent of the world's oil supplies lie under the sands of the Middle East. Did the US invade Iraq to grab Iraq's oil? Many people think so. This book shows how this is part of a wider US attempt to dominate international oil and maintain America's global dominance. Written by an influential oil consultant, with experience of working in both the US and Arab oil industries, this book provides a rare insight into the real motivations behind US intervention in the Arab world, and the relationship between the US and the Arab states. Zalloum provides a historical account of the roots of today's involvement, analysing US intervention in the Arab World since the 19th century. Zalloum provides an account of America's changing role in OPEC. He examines the fate of Iraq's oil and the involvement of US contractors. He also analyses the role of oil in America's relationship with Israel, providing an important insight into how this dynamic is viewed in the Arab world. The book offers a unique perspective on how the US is viewed in the Arab region and how progress should be made if real peace and stability are to be brokered.
Essential oils composition of hydroponically grown Ocimum basilicum L. plant was evaluated in response to salinity (control and 50 mM NaCl) and Zn foliar application (control, 100 and 200 mg l-1). ...Essential oil constituents were quantified and identified by GC/EI-MS. In total, fifty seven components were identified in the six treatment combinations. Methyl chavicol (43.9-61.2 %) and linalool (11.4-16%) were the major components of all treatments. Salinity had deteriorative effect on methyl chavicol biosynthesis and accumulation. In contrast, integrated levels of salinity and 200 mgl-1 Zn had increment effects on linalool content. Germacrene D (2.2-3.9 %), 1,8-cineole (2.4-3.8 %), (Z)-α-bergamotene (0.1-2.6 %), (E)-β-farnesene (1.4-2.6 %), α-bulnesene (0.9-2.4 %), camphor (0.7-1.3 %) and (E)-β-ocimene (0.2-1.3 %) were the other main common constituents of oil. Considering the constant levels of zinc foliar application, salinity had raising effects on the contents of most above mentioned constituents. In conclusion, it seems that moderate salinity stress along with balanced levels of Zn foliar application changed the primary metabolites pathways in favor of major volatile oil components biosynthesis and that basil plant has the production potential under prevalent semi-saline conditions.
Raziskana je bila sestava eteričnih olj hidroponsko gojene bazilike (Ocimum basilicum L.), glede na vpliv slanosti (kontrola in 50 mM NaCl) ter foliarnega nanašanja cinka (Zn) (kontrola ter 100 oziroma 200 mg l-1). Sestava eteričnih olj je bila ugotovljena z GC/EI-MS tehniko. Pri šestih kombinacija tretiranja je bilo ugotovljenih 57 sestavin. Metil kavikol (43,9-61,2 %) in linalool (11,4-16%) sta bili glavni sestavini pri vseh tretiranjih. Sol je negativno vplivala na sintezo in akumulacijo kavikola. Nasprotno, skupen vpliv solne raztopine in višje koncentracije cinka je povzročil povečanje vsebnosti linaloola. Germakren D (2,2-3,9 %), 1,8-kineol (2,4-3,8 %), (Z)-α-bergamoten (0,1-2,6 %), (E)-β-farnesen (1,4-2,6 %), α-bulnesen (0,9-2,4 %), kafra (0,7-1,3 %) in (E)-β-ocimen (0,2-1,3 %) so tudi bile glavne sestavine olja. Pri nespremenjeni koncentraciji cinka pri foliarni aplikaciji je sol vplivala na povečano koncetracijo omenjenih metabolitov. Zmerna slanost skupaj s foliarnim tretiranjem z raztopino cinka vpliva na spremenjeno sestavo metabolitov s tem da poveča biosintezo hlapnih sestavin olj; tako je ugotovljena prednost pridelovanja bazilike v razmerah zmerne slanosti.
Rad u širem kontekstu problematizira odnos hrvatske drame i kazališta prema društvenom fenomenu invaliditeta o kojem su se unatrag tri desetljeća počele voditi teorijske rasprave i u okviru ...humanističkih znanosti. Raščlanjujući problem invaliditeta kao identiteta konstruiranog društveno-kulturnim i ekonomskim diskursima na primjeru dramskog teksta Vincent (2011.) Olje Lozice, ilustrirat ćemo njegovu političko-etičku važnost za širu zajednicu. U analizi drame posebnu pozornost posvetit ćemo učincima društvenih jezika na protagonista Vincenta čiji se identitet konstruira drukčije od većine. On je konstituiran upotrebom »prirođenog« jezika i njegovom mobilizacijom otjelotvorenjem. Drugim riječima, Vincent mimo verbalnih sredstava oblikuje alternativna značenja pomoću kojih razumijeva svijet oko sebe i s njime komunicira.
Why has the United States become involved in so many wars in the Middle East, and why just now? What explains the extraordinary disconnect between pre-war statements by the Bush Administration and ...the post-war reality? How much of U.S. intelligence was wrong, and why? Why did the Bush Administration ignore warnings by senior military commanders about the difficulties they would confront in trying to occupy Iraq? Why was there virtually no pre-war planning for administering Iraq once the war was successfully concluded? Pelletiere argues that, in going to war twice against Iraq and once against Afghanistan, the United States was seeking to put a lock on its future energy supplies. In neglecting diplomacy for so long in dealing with the Gulf States, Washington was practically compelled to use force to get what it wanted. Pelletiere explores the context of events that produced the attacks of September 11, 2001, the pretext for the United States' military move into the region. He debunks the Bush Administration's claim that the United States was beset by Islamic terrorists bent on destroying western civilization and set the stage for an examination of other possible motives. Next, he details the history of U.S. involvement in the region, beginning with the discovery of oil and the pioneering efforts of American and British companies to open the region to exploration. After the OPEC Revolution, he argues, the United States would allow itself to be drawn into an arms-supplying relationship with the Shah of Iran and the military-industrial complex would become hooked on subsidies from the Gulf monarchs. Finally, after discussing the First Gulf War and recent events in Afghanistan, Pelletiere contends that these conflicts and the current war in Iraq are really part of a greater struggle between North and South, a struggle that will have significant
consequences for the future of the United States.
When Nigeria hosted the Second World Black and African Festival of Arts and Culture (FESTAC) in 1977, it celebrated a global vision of black nationhood and citizenship animated by the exuberance of ...its recent oil boom. Andrew Apter's The Pan-African Nation tells the full story of this cultural extravaganza, from Nigeria's spectacular rebirth as a rapidly developing petro-state to its dramatic demise when the boom went bust. According to Apter, FESTAC expanded the horizons of blackness in Nigeria to mirror the global circuits of its economy. By showcasing masks, dances, images, and souvenirs from its many diverse ethnic groups, Nigeria forged a new national culture. In the grandeur of this oil-fed confidence, the nation subsumed all black and African cultures within its empire of cultural signs and erased its colonial legacies from collective memory. As the oil economy collapsed, however, cultural signs became unstable, contributing to rampant violence and dissimulation. The Pan-African Nation unpacks FESTAC as a historically situated mirror of production in Nigeria. More broadly, it points towards a critique of the political economy of the sign in postcolonial Africa.
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