Language deviations can seriously impact language rules and norms. Language deviations in non-formal texts can impact the production of formal texts. This study attempts to examine the orthographic ...deviations of the Javanese language in non-formal texts taken through Instagram. This study aims to describe the forms of orthographic deviations on social media. The data of this research are in the form of deviations at the orthographic levels obtained from the data source, namely Instagram through the @dagelan_jowo account. Documentation techniques collected the data. The data obtained were analysed descriptively qualitatively. The results showed that orthographic deviations consisted of phonological spelling errors, errors in capital letters, foreign languages, punctuation marks, and errors in the use of numbers. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that there are still negative attitudes found by Javanese speakers towards their language, as evidenced by the many deviations of Javanese language in both formal and non-formal texts.
Alphabetic orthographies differ in the transparency of their letter-sound mappings, with English orthography being less transparent than other alphabetic scripts. The outlier status of English has ...led scientists to question the generality of findings based on English-language studies. We investigated the role of phonological awareness, memory, vocabulary, rapid naming, and nonverbal intelligence in reading performance across five languages lying at differing positions along a transparency continuum (Finnish, Hungarian, Dutch, Portuguese, and French). Results from a sample of 1,265 children in Grade 2 showed that phonological awareness was the main factor associated with reading performance in each language. However, its impact was modulated by the transparency of the orthography, being stronger in less transparent orthographies. The influence of rapid naming was rather weak and limited to reading and decoding speed. Most predictors of reading performance were relatively universal across these alphabetic languages, although their precise weight varied systematically as a function of script transparency.
For the most part, the effects of lexical-distributional properties of words on visual word recognition are well-established. More uncertainty remains, however, about the influence of these ...properties on lexical processing for nonwords. The work presented here investigates the mechanisms that guide nonword processing through an analysis of lexical decision latencies for 18,547 words and 27,079 nonwords in the British Lexicon Project (Keuleers, Lacey, Rastle, & Brysbaert, 2012) using piecewise generalized mixed models (pamms; Bender, Groll, & Scheipl, 2018; Bender & Scheipl, 2018; Bender, Scheipl, Hartl, Day, & Küchenhoff, 2018). The pamm analysis of the data revealed 2 novel effects for nonwords in the lexical-decision task. First, whereas previous studies reported effects of base word frequency, the current study is the first to document a true nonword frequency effect. Second, we report effects of semantic neighborhood density and orthography-to-semantics consistency; not only for words, but also for nonwords. The effects of frequency, semantic neighborhood density and orthography-to-semantics consistency are facilitatory for words, but inhibitory for nonwords. The pamm analysis offers insights into the temporal development of the effects of lexical-distributional variables that are not available through more traditional analysis techniques and that shed new light on lexical processing in visual word recognition tasks. The implications of the reported results for models of visual word recognition are discussed.
Orthography as Social Action Jaffe, Alexandra; Androutsopoulos, Jannis; Johnson, Sally ...
2012, 2012-07-04, Letnik:
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This edited volume brings together leading authors in the field of sociolinguistics who explore the sociolinguistic implications of spelling, punctuation and other graphic aspects of writing. Data is ...drawn from a wide range of languages and communicative contexts, ranging from schoolrooms to internet discussion boards. The focus is on the way that spelling as a practice and as a focus of ideological debate relates to social, political and cultural systems, both reflecting and sometimes creating identities as well as relationships of both equality and inequality. Alexandra Jaffe, California State University Long Beach, USA; Jannis Androutsopoulos, University of Hamburg, Germany; Mark Sebba, Lancaster University, UK; Sally Johnson, University of Leeds, UK.
Advertising sentences are written in good language, easy to understand and with the right language structure. The purpose of this study was to determine how the use of language structure in writing ...in advertisements and forms of typos in the Indonesian Spelling Guidelines (PUEBI) contained in these advertisements. This type of research is field research with a descriptive qualitative approach (Field Research), data collection is carried out through observation, documentation and recording methods, the results of the study reveal that the use of language structures on billboards and typos is: (1) 4 language structures The billboards encountered by the author are evocative, informative, persuasive and effective. Where the use of evocative language reached 18.9%, informative 61.1%, persuasive 15.6% and kinetic energy 4.4%. Although there are errors in the use of punctuation marks such as commas, (,) and letters.
This paper presents the results of a longitudinal spelling study conducted among 496 school children, from sixth grade (the first year of middle school in France) to ninth grade (the fourth and final ...year of middle school in France). Its first objective is to examine the evolution of both lexical and grammatical spelling skills in a deep orthography and to present new findings on the advanced mastery of spelling skills. Its second aim is to provide insight into pupils’ orthographic knowledge and remaining difficulties at the end of French compulsory schooling. Pupils were assessed using the same text dictation when they were sixth graders and when they were ninth graders. The data show that both lexical and grammatical performance increased from the sixth to ninth grade and that these interact with each other. The qualitative analysis of errors allows points of resistance in the acquisition of French orthography to be highlighted.
In opaque orthographies knowledge of morphological information helps in achieving reading and spelling accuracy. In transparent orthographies with regular print-to-sound correspondences, such as ...Italian, the mappings of orthography onto phonology and phonology onto orthography are in principle sufficient to read and spell most words. The present study aimed to investigate the role of morphology in the reading and spelling accuracy of Italian children as a function of school experience to determine whether morphological facilitation was present in children learning a transparent orthography. The reading and spelling performances of 15 third-grade and 15 fifth-grade typically developing children were analyzed. Children read aloud and spelled both low-frequency words and pseudowords. Low-frequency words were manipulated for the presence of morphological structure (morphemic words vs. non-derived words). Morphemic words could also vary for the frequency (high vs. low) of roots and suffixes. Pseudo-words were made up of either a real root and a real derivational suffix in a combination that does not exist in the Italian language or had no morphological constituents. Results showed that, in Italian, morphological information is a useful resource for both reading and spelling. Typically developing children benefitted from the presence of morphological structure when they read and spelled pseudowords; however, in processing low-frequency words, morphology facilitated reading but not spelling. These findings are discussed in terms of morpho-lexical access and successful cooperation between lexical and sublexical processes in reading and spelling.
This paper presents the sociolinguistic background and phoneme inventory of Para Naga, ethnonym Jejara, spoken in Northwest Myanmar. The phoneme-grapheme correspondences of the orthography based on ...the phonological analysis and the history of orthography development of this lesser known and previously unwritten language are presented, too. A word list, a short glossed text in phonological and orthographic representation, and evidence of contrast with phoneme distribution charts are provided in the Appendix.
Tolkien was not only a successful author of one of the most complex fantasy lore available in Western literature, but he was also a gifted philologist whose interests ranged from the most disparaged ...languages, such as Germanic languages, Finnish, Celtic languages and also Latin and Greek. For the creation of his glottopoietic masterpieces – Quenya and Sindarin – he followed an a posteriori process, moving from the templates represented by natural languages, such as Finnish, Germanic languages, Welsh and also Classical languages. Focussing on Quenya, in particular, it is noticeable how this invented language possesses a few relevant features that makes it similar to Latin not only according to the narrowest linguistic perspective but also according to a broader perspective, including the sociolinguistic viewpoint. Some of these features have been summarized and presented in this paper, showing how Tolkien not only reproduced – according to his phonoaesthetic taste – linguistic feature that were closer to Latin than to any other language, but he also reproduced and mimicked the relationships that Latin had with other languages during different periods of its existence.
We present a meta-analysis to test the validity of the Simple View of Reading Gough & Tunmer (Remedial and Special Education, 7:6—10, 1986) for beginner readers of English and other, more ...transparent, orthographies. Our meta-analytic approach established that the relative influence of decoding and linguistic comprehension on reading comprehension is different for readers of different types of orthography during the course of early reading development. Furthermore, we identified key differences in the relations among different measures of decoding and reading comprehension between readers of English and other more transparent orthographies. We discuss the implications for reading instruction and the diagnosis of reading difficulties, as well as our theoretical understanding of how component skills influence reading comprehension level.
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