A growing number of young Chinese farmers are abandoning agriculture. This research aimed to identify ways to stimulate enthusiasm among young people for choosing careers in agriculture and to ...promote the professionalization of young part-time farmers. This study surveyed 310 young part-time farmers in Chongqing City and Tianjin City. We constructed the Two-Way Push–Pull (TWPP) model to assess the willingness of young part-time farmers to work professionally in agriculture. The results show that agricultural policy support, hometown attachment, agricultural income, and agricultural industrialization significantly influence young part-time farmers’ willingness to pursue professional farming careers. However, risks of farming, children’s education, urban housing, and non-farm income negatively impact their willingness. The government must strengthen policy support’s influence on their willingness to motivate young part-time farmers to become professional farmers. This could include reducing farming risks, advancing agricultural industrialization, improving farmers’ professional status and reputation, and increasing the quality of rural public services.
Compared with absolute poverty, relative poverty is more concerned about social equity. Network poverty alleviation is one of the effective ways to bridge the urban–rural digital divide and solve ...relative poverty problem. Existing studies have confirmed the positive role of Internet use on the alleviation of relative poverty among farmers, but there is much less study analyze the differences in the influence of Internet use on the relative poverty among farmers with different income structure. In this study, we use the data from China Family Panel Studies and use the Probit model for benchmark regression to study the influence of Internet use on rural household relative poverty. Also, we use the redefinition of core variables to conduct robustness tests and use instrumental variables to deal with endogenous issues. The empirical results show that Internet use significantly reduces the probability of farmers falling into relative poverty, and Internet use has a better effect on poverty reduction for full-time farmers than part-time farmers and non-farmers. Further the analysis of the impact mechanism finds that Internet use could impact the relative poverty of rural households through its effects on their information channels, human capital and social capital. Then, we analyze the differences in the impact mechanisms of Internet use on different types of farmers and find that the mediating effect of information channel was not significant for full-time farmers; while for part-time farmers, enhancing human capital play a more important role.
In recent years, the issue of employment quality for workers has received increasing attention from the government and academia. As a social resource, a social network can provide people with social ...support and help job seekers find better jobs by transmitting the information on job opportunities. However, currently, there are few empirical studies on employment quality from the perspective of social networks. Based on data from 194 samples from 400 households in Sichuan Province in 2015, this paper constructs an employment quality index system from the six dimensions of labor wages, working time, employment stability, employment environment, career development, and social security. In addition, from the perspective of the structural features and the overall characteristics of the social network, OLS (Ordinary Least Squares) and the path analysis model are used to quantitatively explore the mechanisms of action paths of the social network in terms of the non-agricultural employment quality of part-time peasants. The results show that: (1) the social network scale and the relative network of part-time peasants are found to positively affect employment quality. (2) Age, gender, and education level have indirect impacts on the employment quality loop through network heterogeneity and network scale. In addition, network heterogeneity and health status indirectly impact employment quality through a network scale. (3) By synthesizing the direct and indirect impacts, the comprehensive impacts of each factor on employment quality, in decreasing order, are: village–county distance > village terrain > family population > network scale > education level > skill > network heterogeneity > health status > age > gender. The results suggest that we should pay attention to the role of social network resources in improving employment quality, and should implement various measures to expand peasants’ social networks, so as to achieve high-quality employment.
This study aimed to compare the work practices and health effects of pesticide exposure between full-time and part-time vegetable farmers.
Data was gathered via structured personal interview using a ...9-page questionnaire, physical examination, and blood extraction for complete blood count and serum creatinine.
Pyrethroid was the pesticide type most used by both groups. The risk for full-time farmers was related to both the amount of exposure and the type of pesticide. There were more full-time farmers who complained of falling ill because of work. This difference was statistically significant (P = 0.05). The level of those seeking medical attention was also significantly different between the two groups (P = 0.01). In assessing the individual components of the neurologic examination, 5.22% of full-time and 8.63% of part-time farmers had abnormal cranial nerve function, and 22 (5.7%) and 9 (6.47%) had abnormal motor strength. All farmers tested for reflexes, meningeals, and autonomics from both groups were normal. Based on hematologic examination, full-time farmers had higher mean values for creatinine, white blood cell, red blood cell, hemoglobin, and hematocrit. Activity of cholinesterase enzymes in blood can be utilized as a biomarker for the effect of organophosphates; of the 232 blood cholinesterase results, 94 (40%) were abnormal.
The study showed certain differences between full-time and part-time farmers in terms of farming practices and health-related problems. Education on safe pesticide use and handling and better health monitoring of the farmers are recommended.
Several indicators are used in the literature to measure part-time farming. None of these studies, however, examine the comparability of the indicators ' measurements and how this interchangeability ...may vary by year and place. Using data from the 1987, 1992, and 1997 Census of Agriculture for U. S. counties, 1 investigate the interchangeability of three part-time farming indicators -days wo^ d off-farm, principal occupation, and market value of sales -within and across subpopulations and time periods. Results show that although there are a few differences in the measurements produced by these indicators, similarities in measurements exist across most locales and time periods.
This paper clarifies the changes of working and management of the migrants from rural areas, specifically, the fluidity and potential for enlarged management scale, by examining the case for Henan ...Province, the most important wheat production area of China. The results of analysis indicate that working places have changed since the migrants have aged. However, farmhouse income has not been changed with the development of agricultural industrialization that occurred in S Village. Finally, there is no prospects for extending management scale in this area.
Hypothesises that multiple job-holding in agriculture is not the result of economic necessity alone but is also a consequence of the attitudes and values of individuals. Illustrates differences ...between pluriactive and monoactive farmers in their assessments of significant features and areas of life. (SR)
Part-Time Farming MELISSA WALKER
The New Encyclopedia of Southern Culture,
02/2014
Book Chapter
Many southern farmers are part-time farmers. Defined as those who earn more than half their income from off-farm sources, part-time farmers devote most of their time to a job away from the farm while ...spending weekends and evening hours engaged in some subsistence and market-oriented farming activities.
The shift to part-time farming in the South first began among the residents of southern Appalachia late in the 19th century. As lumber and mining companies moved into the mountains, farmers were lured into wage labor that they called “public work” to distinguish it from work on the privately owned farm. Appalachian farmers
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