This article empirically analyzes the effects of terrorism on the electoral choices of the Turkish voters in the 1991 and 1995 general elections. It relies on a unique data set that includes the date ...and the place of burial of Turkish soldiers and police officers who died in the fight against the terrorist organization PKK. The author uses the number of these security force terror casualties at the district level as a measure of the level of terrorism that the people of that district have been exposed to and analyzes whether and how exposure to terrorism affects people's electoral choices. The results indicate that Turkish voters are highly sensitive to terrorism and that they blame the government for their losses. Moreover, exposure to terrorism leads to an increase in the vote share of the right-wing parties who are less concessionist toward the terrorist organization's cause compared to their left-wing counterparts.
El presente artículo revisa la trayectoria de Bertram D. Wolfe, destacado político estadounidense y fundador del Partido Comunista de Estados Uni-dos, durante su estancia en nuestro país entre 1922 y ...1925. Su presencia resultó de elemental importancia para el Partido Comunista de México, ya que formó parte de sus órganos directivos y fue un pedagogo incansable que compartió los fundamentos del marxismo con los miembros del partido. Asi-mismo, fue nombrado como su delegado ante el V Congreso de la Interna-cional Comunista, que se reunió en Moscú entre junio y agosto de 1924. Para esta investigación se consultó ampliamente la documentación de la Bertram Wolfe Collection, que se encuentra en la Biblioteca Pública de Nue-va York, así como otras fuentes hemerográficas y documentales nacionales.PALABRAS CLAVE: Revolución mexicana, historia de los partidos políticos, comunismo, historia política en México.
I use new data on central and general governments for 23 OECD countries over the period 1960–2015 (unbalanced panel) to examine fiscal performance under minority governments. The results do not ...suggest that minority governments had higher fiscal deficits and public expenditure than majority governments—corroborating many previous studies. An innovation of my study is to examine fiscal policies of minority governments that enjoy organized support of opposition parties. The results do not show that minority governments that enjoy organized support of opposition parties increased public expenditure to a larger extent than majority governments. If anything, fiscal deficits were somewhat higher under single-party minority governments with organized support of opposition parties than under majority governments especially. Minority and majority governments had quite similar fiscal performance in OECD countries.
En este artículo abordamos las posibles explicaciones a los cambios en los modelos de procesos de selección de líder de los partidos políticos españoles, que se concentran en un breve periodo de ...cuatro años, entre los veranos de 2014 y de 2018. Desde un enfoque histórico-empírico, analizamos el comportamiento de los cuatro principales partidos del sistema para ese periodo, considerando que estos incorporan innovaciones organizativas para mejorar su rendimiento electoral. La crisis competitiva se propone como causa de la introducción de las primarias en los cuatro casos, aunque menos grave en el de Ciudadanos. Esta se identifica observando los altos niveles de superposición ideológica de las dos parejas de partidos (PSOE-Podemos y PP-Ciudadanos) y el posible impacto de otros tres factores. La información recabada sobre los cuatro partidos se complementa con entrevistas a dirigentes destacados de los partidos durante el periodo de estudio. Finalmente, se considera plausible el efecto contagio en los casos de Ciudadanos y PP, una vez que los otros dos grandes partidos ya han celebrado primarias.
Preservation of privacy of users' personal data has always been a critical issue to deal with. This issue in the Internet of Things (IoT), which facilitates millions of applications, has become even ...more challenging. Currently, several approaches and methods are available to safeguard privacy but each of them suffers from one or more anomalies. In particular, Trusted Third-Party approach relies on the trust of a third-party server, Cooperation needs the trust of other peers, Obfuscation is known to return inaccurate results, and Dummy generates too much overhead. Moreover, these and most of the other well-known approaches deal only with specific types of applications linked to the location-based services. In this paper, we present two new methods, namely: Blind Third Party (BTP) and Blind Peers ( B L P ), and combine them to form a new one to be known as the Blind Approach ( B L A ). With the help of simulation results we shall demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of B L A over the other available methods. The simulation results also exhibit that B L A is free from all the existing problems of the other approaches. However, B L A causes a slight increase in the average (response) time, which we consider to be a minor issue. We shall also discuss the capability and superiority of the Blind Approach in the cases of E-health, Smart Transportation, and Smart Home systems.
In 2009, the Rudd Labor Government proposed a Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme (CPRS) but was unable to secure support from the Australian Greens. This paper uses this case study to examine ...ideological divisions that may hamper policy making within Australia’s left in the future. It finds the Greens saw the issue through a classic left schema that constructed the environmental crisis as having been created by the powerful exploiting the vulnerable. In contrast, Labor saw the issue through a liberal schema that constructed the crisis as a product of a morally neutral market failure. These different framings led to very different views on the appropriateness of the polluting industries’ compensation package. It concludes that co-operation between the parties in the future is likely to centre on issues they both view through the left schema.
Why do some political parties have a higher share of elected women? Analysing all parties in the European Parliament (EP) from 1979-2019, we test the effect of five party characteristics (their ...ideology, age, size, female leadership, and intra-party gender quotas) on their share of female Members (MEPs). We find a higher share of female MEPs in green, liberal and leftist parties and in parties with a female leader. Party gender quotas increase the likelihood to have at least one female MEP.
This book offers a new framework for the study of political elites and an empirically rich interrogation of the realization, accumulation and exercise of institutionalized political power by ...political elites in the African context of the Provincial Legislature of KwaZulu-Natal.
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