Phrasemes consist of several lexical components, have certain syntactic restrictions, and are used as fixed word combinations. They have an evaluative function or can express attitudes and emotions. ...Martin and White (2005) understand evaluation as attitude, engagement, and graduation. The present article addresses the role of phrasemes in the domain of attitudes related to judgments. The domain of judgment expresses people's attitudes towards certain behaviors, in other words, it is described how (un)able, (un)usual, (un)determined, (un)truthful and (un)ethical someone is. The world crisis that appeared at the time of the corona crisis triggered frustration and revolt against the existing situation among many people. In comments on the subject of the world crisis, readers express their opinions and attitudes toward economic policy measures. It is assumed that they use phrasemes to express their negative attitudes. The corpus is Croatian and German reader comments on the world crisis in the Corona period. The following questions will be answered: How often are phrasemes used to express negative attitudes in reader comments? Who or what is evaluated with phrasemes? Are there interlingual differences in the evaluation expression in Croatian and German reader comments? The aim is to investigate interlingual differences in the use of phrasemes to express assessment.
The current works related to analysing value in Polish dialects have been presented in the article. The author has selected six types of values. For each of them, two opposite values in the form of ...adjectives have been chosen. The author has shown how these values are expressed by dialectal phrasemes.Cognitive values: wise (e. g. mądry jak Salomon as wise as Solomon) – stupid (e. g. głupi jak motyka as stupid as a hoe).Moral values: good (e. g. dobry jak lato as good as summer) – evil (e. g. zły jak czart as bad as the devil).Vital values: healthy (e. g. zdrowy jak dzwon as healthy as a bell) – ill (e. g. chory na śmierć ill with death).Values of feelings: satiated (e. g. wiatrem syt satiated with wind) – hungry (e. g. głodny jak Żydowa kobyła as hungry as a Jew’s horse).Aesthetic values: beautiful (e. g. piękny jak z obrazka as beautiful as from a picture) – ugly (e. g. brzydki jak papuga as ugly as a parrot).Economic values: rich (e. g. bogaty jak patyk w lesie as rich as a stick in the forest) – poor (e. g. biedny jak mysz as poor as a mouse).
A controversial issue for teachers of German as a foreign language is the balance between content and form. This also applies to vocabulary work in the field of phraseology. The modeling of language ...competence in the communicative approach is based on the understanding of language as a means of communication. Accordingly, the primary claim of communicative language didactics is to go beyond the description of structures of the foreign language and to place appropriate, situated linguistic action at the center of teaching. Against this theoretical background, content-oriented approaches such as Task-Based Learning have emerged in foreign language didactics, which emphasize the communicative aspect of language and place the didactic emphasis on situated, authentic tasks. Nevertheless, this emphasis did not lead to the suppression of form-based approaches which consider precision in language mastery by focusing on formal aspects through exercises to be necessary and desirable.This paper examines the question of the importance of exercises and tasks in phraseology-based vocabulary work. Against the theoretical background of the approaches of Task-Based Learning (TBL) and Focus on Form (FoF), possibilities for the integration of content-oriented and form-focussing teaching concepts for the promotion of phraseological competence are shown by means of concrete examples. Furthermore, the question of their balance in teaching is discussed.
The paper presents the results of the corpus and lexicographical analysis of two Modern Greek constructional phrasemes (a class of phraseologisms distinguished by A. N. Baranov and D. O. ...Dobrovol’skij) with antonymous verbs in their fixed part — Χ τον ανεβάζει, Χ / Y τον κατεβά-
ζει and Χ μπαίνει, Χ βγαίνει. It is noted that though these constructional phrasemes have different meanings and dissimilar functions in the sentence there is structural and semantic similarity between them. The two phrasemes represent a rhyming two-part structure, whose main lexical “anchors” are antonymous locative verbs expressing a counter-directional movement of a subject or an object in space. It is shown that the pairs of the antonymous verbs become desemanticized and the relation of antonymy between them becomes lost as they form the fixed part of the constructional phrasemes. It is emphasized that at the same time the original locative meaning of the verbs adds it imagery to the semantic content of these phrasemes, becoming the basis of their inner form, and determines some part of their meaning — the meaning of multitude of repeating situations. The paper also takes into consideration some idiomatical constructions of other languages that have similar meanings to those of the Greek constructional phrasemes. It is demonstrated that many of these constructions are also formed by means of locative antonyms, which provides evidence to suggest that this type of inner form is frequent among phraseologisms denoting multitude of repeating situations.
The aim of the article is describing and analysing phrasematics from Słownik warmiński There are over two hundreds phrasemes and most of them are placed in quotes or in the author’s commentsThe ...Author described the collected material using Lewicki’s phraseological division into types, including proverbs (e g Skumpi dubel traci) and showed sample phrasemes belonging to the thematic fields such as poverty and health, stupidity and wisdom, features of character, drinking alcohol, and violence The last part of the article concerns the phenomenon of variance in dialects and it shows that a dialect can express the same thing in many different ways (eg dressing up yourself or someone else excessively).
The confrontation between the native and the foreign is a problem that focuses research efforts on a number of humanities, e.g. cultural studies, anthropology, linguistics, ethnography, etc. The ...following report analyses the notion of the foreign, the other, the different, reflected in the phraseological wealth of the Hungarian and Bulgarian languages. The reviewed phrasemes concentrate the shock upon collision with the different or evaluation of the experience gained in the continuous communication with the other. The foreign is usually individualized by outlining and exaggerating some of its characteristics using parallels, oppositions, and metaphors. The negative attitudes and judgments prevail over the others: the fear of the collective “I” losing its own identity creates a negative attitude towards the foreign, distorted, or wrong notion of the other and the different. Many of the idioms reflect interethnic relations from times long gone, and so they are no longer a significant part of the active vocabulary of Hungarians and Bulgarians. Their analysis, however, is of great interest as they preserve the collective memory of the Hungarian and Bulgarian cultural communities and reveal their traditional notions and knowledge.
Frazemi su sveze riječi čije značenje ne proizlazi iz značenja njihovih pojedinačnih komponenata te imaju sljedeće karakteristike: polileksikalnost, stabilnost i idiomatičnost (usp. Burger 2015: ...11ff.). Mogu izražavati različite funkcije: (1) pokazatelji društvenih odnosa, (2) emocionalan stav govornika, (3) ironičnu ili humorističnu distancu, (4) eufemističko djelovanje, (5) argumentaciju i (6) klišeiziranost (usp. Fleischer 1997: 218ff.). Iz navedenih funkcija frazema ističe se njihova sposobnost evaluacije. Prema Du Boisu (2007: 139) je zauzimanje stava tj. evaluacija jedna od najvažnijih mogućnosti jezika. U okviru evaluacijske teorije Martin i White (2005) razlikuju stav, sudjelovanje i gradaciju. Stav se nadalje može podijeliti u afekt, sud i procjenu.
U ovome radu naglasak je stavljen na afekt tj. emocionalnu dimenziju značenja frazema. S obzirom da je jedna od karakteristika frazema njihova ekspresivnost promatrat će se izražavanje emocija kroz sam frazem te u kontekstu (usp. Burger 2015: 77).
Cilj ovog rada je istražiti način izražavanja emocija frazemima u odabranim dječjim znanstveno-fantastičnim romanima. Uz to će se odgovoriti na sljedeća istraživačka pitanja: U kojoj se mjeri frazemi koriste za izražavanje emocija? Koje su emocije prisutne? Koja kategorija izražavanja emocija je najučestalija?
Phrasemes are combinations of words whose meaning
does not derive from the meaning of their individual components. They have the
following characteristics: polylexicality, stability and idiomaticity (cf.
Burger 2015: 11ff.). They may express different functions: (1) indicators of
social relations, (2) emotional attitude of the speaker, (3) ironic or humorous
distance, (4) euphemistic action, (5) argumentation, and (6) clichés (cf. Fleischer
1997: 218ff.). The aforementioned functions of the phrasemes highlight their
ability to evaluate. According to Du Bois (2007: 139), taking a stance, i.e.
evaluation, is one of the most important language characteristics. Within the
evaluation theory, Martin and White (2005) distinguish attitude, engagement and
gradation. Attitude can further be divided into affect, judgment and
appreciation. In this paper, the emphasis is placed on affect, i.e. the
emotional meaning of phrasemes. The aim of this paper is to show the way
emotions are expressed by phrasemes in selected children’s SF novels. In
addition, the following research questions will be answered: Are phrasemes used
to express emotions? Which emotions are present? Which category of expressing
emotions is the most common?
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