Background:
In a country of 1.3 billion people with cultural and lifestyle diversities, several previous attempts have been made to compile the burden of cardiovascular diseases. 3.2 million people ...die each year due to physical inactivity. Traditionally, studies of diet and CVD risk have focused on individual foods and macronutrients. Yet, food is typically consumed in combination and not in isolation.
Objective:
To compare the dietary pattern and physical activity among 2 different age groups of people in a village of coastal Karnataka.
Methodology:
A cross-sectional study conducted in a rural area of coastal Karnataka with sample size of 320 (160 each from 20–30 years & 50–60 years group). The dietary pattern involving daily intake of carbohydrates, fats, proteins and total calories was assessed using the 7-day dietary cycle. Physical activity pattern was assessed using IPAQ study tool. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS; parametric and non-parametric tests were done. p<0.05 was taken as statistically significant.
Results:
20 - 30 years age group had a consumption pattern of daily carbohydrates, proteins and fat intake of 24.11 g%, 10.89 g% & 20.41 g% as compared to 32.96 g%, 13 g% and 29.44 g% respectively in the 50 - 60 years age group. Total calorie intake, daily carbohydrate, protein and fat intake was significantly more in the 20-30 years age group as compared to 50-60 years age group. Gram-percentage consumption of carbohydrates, proteins and fats as part of total calories was significantly lesser as compared to 50-60 years age group. 50.6% of the 20-30 years & 13.8% of the 50-60 years age group were physically inactive.
Conclusion:
The study population followed an unbalanced diet with addition of trans fat and added sugars. Majority were physically inactive and the daily work load has decreased considerably with people spending most of their leisure time by sitting.
Background:
Non-communicable diseases pose significant public health problem, and prevention efforts are mainly aimed at addressing their risk factors. Unhealthy lifestyle including physical ...inactivity gets initiated early in life. Hence identifying the factors associated with physical inactivity among youth is essential for developing targeted interventions.
Objectives:
To estimate the prevalence and factors associated with physical inactivity among youth in Kolar district, Karnataka.
Methodology:
The present study is a secondary data analysis of a cross- sectional study undertaken in the Kolar district of Karnataka. Information on various risk factors was collected as part of the Kolar Youth Health Survey. Physical inactivity is defined as any those achieving less than 600 MET minutes of physical activity in the previous week and was assessed using WHO tool GPAQ. Univariate and multivariate logistics regression analysis was undertaken to identify the factors associated with physical inactivity.
Results:
In Kolar, 82.7% of youth had less than recommended level of physical activity (<600 MET minutes per week). Residing in urban area, being female increased the risk of physical inactivity. Individuals involved in occupations like cultivators, agricultural labourer’s and skilled workers had lower risk of physical inactivity. Students too had lower risk. Youth engaged in community volunteering activities had lower risk of physical inactivity. Some of the risk factors or risk conditions like smokeless tobacco use, gambling, anxiety, history of road traffic injury and unintentional injury lowered the risk of physical inactivity.
Conclusion:
The prevalence of physical inactivity is high among youth in the Kolar district. Some of the sociodemographic factors pertaining to youth increases the risk of physical inactivity and these information needs to be utilized for implementing targeted interventions. However, the association between smokeless tobacco use, gambling, anxiety and injury with physical inactivity needs further exploration.
The COVID-19 pandemic and physical activity Woods, Jeffrey A.; Hutchinson, Noah T.; Powers, Scott K. ...
Sports medicine and health science,
06/2020, Letnik:
2, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The SARS-CoV-2-caused COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a devastating threat to human society in terms of health, economy, and lifestyle. Although the virus usually first invades and infects the lung ...and respiratory track tissue, in extreme cases, almost all major organs in the body are now known to be negatively impacted often leading to severe systemic failure in some people. Unfortunately, there is currently no effective treatment for this disease. Pre-existing pathological conditions or comorbidities such as age are a major reason for premature death and increased morbidity and mortality. The immobilization due to hospitalization and bed rest and the physical inactivity due to sustained quarantine and social distancing can downregulate the ability of organs systems to resist to viral infection and increase the risk of damage to the immune, respiratory, cardiovascular, musculoskeletal systems and the brain. The cellular mechanisms and danger of this “second wave” effect of COVID-19 to the human body, along with the effects of aging, proper nutrition, and regular physical activity, are reviewed in this article.
•Sedentary behaviour had a small positive association with anxiety.•Association remained in studies controlling for sociodemographic and health-related factors.•Associations for sitting time appeared ...stronger than those for screen time.•Associations for anxiety symptoms appeared stronger than those for anxiety disorders.•No evidence of publication bias in the results.
This research synthesis sought to determine the magnitude of the association between sedentary behaviour (sitting time) and anxiety.
A comprehensive literature search of eight electronic databases (and a manual search) identified 13 observational studies that met inclusion criteria (22 effect sizes; total n = 70,425). Pooled mean effects were computed using inverse-variance weighted random effects meta-analysis and moderation by study and population characteristics were tested using random effects meta-regression.
Sedentary behaviour was associated with an increased risk of anxiety for non-adjusted effect sizes (k = 7, OR = 1.33 95% CI: 1.14, 1.55) and effect sizes adjusted for sociodemographic and health-related factors (k = 11, OR = 1.48 95% CI: 1.25, 1.75). There was no evidence of publication bias in the results. The regression models showed that effect sizes were not moderated by age or gender. However, there was some evidence of moderation by study quality and measurement of sedentary behaviour and anxiety. Measures of sitting time showed larger associations than measures of screen time, and measures of anxiety symptoms showed larger associations than measures of anxiety disorders.
The research synthesis provides evidence that sedentary behaviour has a small positive association with anxiety, after controlling for sociodemographic and other health-related factors. Study limitations include low statistical power in meta-regression models and heterogeneity in measures of anxiety and sedentary behaviour. Findings might be of interest to health care professionals developing health care initiatives to reduce risk of anxiety.
The prominence of sedentary behavior research in health science has grown rapidly. With this growth there is increasing urgency for clear, common and accepted terminology and definitions. Such ...standardization is difficult to achieve, especially across multi-disciplinary researchers, practitioners, and industries. The Sedentary Behavior Research Network (SBRN) undertook a Terminology Consensus Project to address this need.
First, a literature review was completed to identify key terms in sedentary behavior research. These key terms were then reviewed and modified by a Steering Committee formed by SBRN. Next, SBRN members were invited to contribute to this project and interested participants reviewed and provided feedback on the proposed list of terms and draft definitions through an online survey. Finally, a conceptual model and consensus definitions (including caveats and examples for all age groups and functional abilities) were finalized based on the feedback received from the 87 SBRN member participants who responded to the original invitation and survey.
Consensus definitions for the terms physical inactivity, stationary behavior, sedentary behavior, standing, screen time, non-screen-based sedentary time, sitting, reclining, lying, sedentary behavior pattern, as well as how the terms bouts, breaks, and interruptions should be used in this context are provided.
It is hoped that the definitions resulting from this comprehensive, transparent, and broad-based participatory process will result in standardized terminology that is widely supported and adopted, thereby advancing future research, interventions, policies, and practices related to sedentary behaviors.
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