Genera of phytopathogenic fungi: GOPHY 1 Marin-Felix, Y.; Groenewald, J.Z.; Cai, L. ...
Studies in mycology,
March 2017, 20170301, 2017-Mar, 2017-03-01, Letnik:
86, Številka:
1
Journal Article
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Genera of Phytopathogenic Fungi (GOPHY) is introduced as a new series of publications in order to provide a stable platform for the taxonomy of phytopathogenic fungi. This first paper focuses on 21 ...genera of phytopathogenic fungi: Bipolaris, Boeremia, Calonectria, Ceratocystis, Cladosporium, Colletotrichum, Coniella, Curvularia, Monilinia, Neofabraea, Neofusicoccum, Pilidium, Pleiochaeta, Plenodomus, Protostegia, Pseudopyricularia, Puccinia, Saccharata, Thyrostroma, Venturia and Wilsonomyces. For each genus, a morphological description and information about its pathology, distribution, hosts and disease symptoms are provided. In addition, this information is linked to primary and secondary DNA barcodes of the presently accepted species, and relevant literature. Moreover, several novelties are introduced, i.e. new genera, species and combinations, and neo-, lecto- and epitypes designated to provide a stable taxonomy. This first paper includes one new genus, 26 new species, ten new combinations, and four typifications of older names.
Phytopathogenic fungi are a major cause of plant disease. However, the interrelationships between phytopathogenic and non-phytopathogenic fungi in the peanut (Arachis hypogaea) monoculture system ...remain unclear. In this study, rhizosphere soils from four fields that had been monocropped with peanut for different durations were investigated, including monoculture for 1 year (CK), 4 years (P4), 10 years (P10), and 20 years (P20). Illumina sequencing of fungal ITS regions and FUNGuild were used to investigate the interrelationships between potential phytopathogenic and non-phytopathogenic fungi. Our results showed that the relative abundance of potential phytopathogenic fungi was significantly negatively correlated with that of non-phytopathogenic fungi (r = −0.650, P = 0.022); and the relative abundance of the key potential phytopathogenic species, Fusarium, was also significantly negatively correlated with that of the non-phytopathogenic fungi, Penicillium (r = −0.815, P = 0.001). The greater negativity between potential phytopathogenic and non-phytopathogenic fungi in the co-occurrence network implied an antagonism between them; and the greater negativity between Penicillium species and Fusarium species in the network combining with the results of confrontation experiment suggested the suppression of Penicillium species on Fusarium species. In conclusion, there is a trade-off between potential phytopathogenic and non-phytopathogenic fungi in the peanut monoculture system. Our results provide better insight towards understanding the obstacles of continuous peanut cropping.
•Trade-off between the non-phytopathogenic and potential phytopathogenic fungi existed.•Penicillium greatly influenced the potential phytopathogenic fungal communities.•Penicillium significantly suppressed the development of Fusarium.
Summary
The steady‐state level of histone acetylation is maintained by histone acetyltransferase (HAT) and histone deacetylase (HDAC) complexes. INhibitor of Growth (ING) proteins are key components ...of the HAT or HDAC complexes but their relationship with other components and roles in phytopathogenic fungi are not well‐characterized.
Here, the FNG3 ING gene was functionally characterized in the wheat head blight fungus Fusarium graminearum. Deletion of FNG3 results in defects in fungal development and pathogenesis. Unlike other ING proteins that are specifically associated with distinct complexes, Fng3 was associated with both NuA3 HAT and FgRpd3 HDAC complexes to regulate H3 acetylation and H4 deacetylation.
Whereas FgNto1 mediates the FgSas3–Fng3 interaction in the NuA3 complex, Fng3 interacted with the C‐terminal region of FgRpd3 that is present in Rpd3 orthologs from filamentous fungi but absent in yeast Rpd3. The intrinsically disordered regions in the C‐terminal tail of FgRpd3 underwent phase separation, which was important for its interaction with Fng3. Furthermore, the ING domain of Fng3 is responsible for its specificities in protein–protein interactions and functions.
Taken together, Fng3 is involved in the dynamic regulation of histone acetylation by interacting with two histone modification complexes, and is important for fungal development and pathogenicity.
Genera of phytopathogenic fungi: GOPHY 3 Marin-Felix, Y.; Hernández-Restrepo, M.; Iturrieta-González, I. ...
Studies in mycology,
09/2019, Letnik:
94, Številka:
1
Journal Article
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This paper represents the third contribution in the Genera of Phytopathogenic Fungi (GOPHY) series. The series provides morphological descriptions, information about the pathology, distribution, ...hosts and disease symptoms for the treated genera, as well as primary and secondary DNA barcodes for the currently accepted species included in these. This third paper in the GOPHY series treats 21 genera of phytopathogenic fungi and their relatives including: Allophoma, Alternaria, Brunneosphaerella, Elsinoe, Exserohilum, Neosetophoma, Neostagonospora, Nothophoma, Parastagonospora, Phaeosphaeriopsis, Pleiocarpon, Pyrenophora, Ramichloridium, Seifertia, Seiridium, Septoriella, Setophoma, Stagonosporopsis, Stemphylium, Tubakia and Zasmidium. This study includes three new genera, 42 new species, 23 new combinations, four new names, and three typifications of older names.
Diaporthales is an important ascomycetous order comprising phytopathogenic, saprobic, and endophytic fungi, but interfamilial taxonomic relationships are still ambiguous. Despite its cosmopolitan ...distribution and high diversity with distinctive morphologies, this order has received relativelyiaceae, Macrohilaceae, Melanconidaceae, Pseudoplagiostomaceae, Schizoparmaceae, Stilbosporaceae and Sydowiellaceae. Taxonomic uncertainties among genera are also clarified and recurrent discrepancies in the taxonomic position of families within the Diaporthales are discussed. An updated outline and key to families and genera of the order is presented.
The rust fungi (Pucciniales) are the most speciose natural group of plant pathogens, members of which possess the most complex lifecycles in Fungi. How natural selection works on the Pucciniales has ...been the subject of several hypotheses in mycology. This study uses molecular age estimation using sequence data from multiple loci, and cophylogeny reconciliation analyses to test hypotheses regarding how the aecial and telial stages in the lifecycle of rust fungi may have differentially impacted their diversification. Molecular age estimates show that the timing of diversification in the Pucciniales correlates with the diversification of their gymnosperm and angiosperm hosts. Host reconciliation analyses suggest that systematic relationships of hosts from the aecial stage of the Pucciniales lifecycle better reflect the systematic relationships among the Pucciniales. The results demonstrate the relative importance of this stage on the overall evolution of the Pucciniales and supports hypotheses made by Leppik over half a century ago. This study represents the first evaluation of how different life stages in the Pucciniales shape the evolution of these fungi.
Plant diseases caused by phytopathogenic fungi can lead to huge losses in the agricultural fields and therefore remain a continuous threat to the global food security. Chemical-based fungicides ...contributed significantly in securing crop production. However, indiscriminate application of fungicides has led to increased chemical resistance and potential risks to human health and environment. Thus, there is an urgent need for searching for new bioactive natural products and developing them into new biopesticides. Fungal endophytes, microorganisms that reside in the fresh tissues of living plants, are regarded as untapped sources of novel natural products for exploitation in agriculture and/or medicine. Chemical examination of endophytic fungi has yielded enormous antifungal natural products with potential use in the development of biopesticides. This review summarizes a total of 132 antifungal metabolites isolated from fungal endophytes in the past two decades. The emphasis is on the unique chemical diversity of these metabolic products, together with their relevant antifungal properties. Moreover, some "star molecules," such as griseofulvin and trichothecene, as well as their synthetic derivatives that possess high potential as candidates of new natural fungicides, are also presented herein.
Phytopathogenic fungus hosts a plant virus Andika, Ida Bagus; Wei, Shuang; Cao, Chunmei ...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS,
11/2017, Letnik:
114, Številka:
46
Journal Article
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The transmission of viral infections between plant and fungal hosts has been suspected to occur, based on phylogenetic and other findings, but has not been directly observed in nature. Here, we ...report the discovery of a natural infection of the phytopathogenic fungus Rhizoctonia solani by a plant virus, cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). The CMV-infected R. solani strain was obtained from a potato plant growing in Inner Mongolia Province of China, and CMV infection was stable when this fungal strain was cultured in the laboratory. CMV was horizontally transmitted through hyphal anastomosis but not vertically through basidiospores. By inoculation via protoplast transfection with virions, a reference isolate of CMV replicated in R. solani and another phytopathogenic fungus, suggesting that some fungi can serve as alternative hosts to CMV. Importantly, in fungal inoculation experiments under laboratory conditions, R. solani could acquire CMV from an infected plant, as well as transmit the virus to an uninfected plant. This study presents evidence of the transfer of a virus between plant and fungus, and it further expands our understanding of plant–fungus interactions and the spread of plant viruses.
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